Question 1

Refer to the figure showing a 9-day chick embryo.   Based on the figure, which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The structure at point 6 is the last extraembryonic membrane to form. 
B)  The structure at point 7 includes contributions from ectoderm and mesoderm. 
C)  The structure at point 6 functions in gas exchange. 
D)  The structure at point 3 includes contributions from endoderm and mesoderm. 
E)  Blood vessels line the outer surface of the structure at point 6. 
A)  The structure at point 6 is the last extraembryonic membrane to form. 
B)  The structure at point 7 includes contributions from ectoderm and mesoderm. 
C)  The structure at point 6 functions in gas exchange. 
D)  The structure at point 3 includes contributions from endoderm and mesoderm. 
E)  Blood vessels line the outer surface of the structure at point 6.

Question 2

The cells from the most lateral portions of the neural plate become migratory cells

Accepted Answer

A)  that form epidermis. 
B)  known as neural crest cells. 
C)  that form the neural tube. 
D)  that form the neural groove. 
E)  that form somites. 
A)  that form epidermis. 
B)  known as neural crest cells. 
C)  that form the neural tube. 
D)  that form the neural groove. 
E)  that form somites.

Question 3

Evaluate the following statement: The placenta is the organ where fetal and maternal blood supplies mix.

Accepted Answer

Under normal circumstances this statemen

Question 4

Which feature would you predict would be found in monotremes (egg-laying mammals)?

Accepted Answer

A)  The eggs have little or no yolk. 
B)  A trophoblast is present in the embryo. 
C)  The hypoblast contributes to a placenta. 
D)  The embryo derives nourishment from the maternal circulation. 
E)  The allantois functions as a reservoir for nitrogenous waste. 
A)  The eggs have little or no yolk. 
B)  A trophoblast is present in the embryo. 
C)  The hypoblast contributes to a placenta. 
D)  The embryo derives nourishment from the maternal circulation. 
E)  The allantois functions as a reservoir for nitrogenous waste.

Question 5

Which statement about the development of organs is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Failure of neural folds to fuse in the spinal cord produces spina bifida, while failure to fuse in the brain produces anencephaly. 
B)  Neural crest cells develop from medial portions of the neural plate and later contribute to development of the brain. 
C)  Somites are repeating segments of tissue formed from ectoderm. 
D)  One layer of a somite forms the cartilage of vertebrae and ribs, while another layer contributes to muscles of the heart. 
E)  Somites form the outer layer (epidermis) of the skin. 
A)  Failure of neural folds to fuse in the spinal cord produces spina bifida, while failure to fuse in the brain produces anencephaly. 
B)  Neural crest cells develop from medial portions of the neural plate and later contribute to development of the brain. 
C)  Somites are repeating segments of tissue formed from ectoderm. 
D)  One layer of a somite forms the cartilage of vertebrae and ribs, while another layer contributes to muscles of the heart. 
E)  Somites form the outer layer (epidermis) of the skin.

Question 6

Which result did Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold, working with amphibian embryos, obtain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tissue transplanted between late gastrulas developed into tissue appropriate for the location in which it was placed. 
B)  Each nucleus of cells in the blastula was specific in the development it could direct. 
C)  When the gray crescent was bisected, neither half of the zygote developed into an embryo. 
D)  Transplantation of the dorsal lip of the blastopore from an early gastrula onto the region opposite the blastopore of another early gastrula resulted in a single embryo with two notochords. 
E)  When the gray crescent was not bisected, the half of the zygote receiving it developed into a complete embryo while the half lacking it formed a clump of undifferentiated cells. 
A)  Tissue transplanted between late gastrulas developed into tissue appropriate for the location in which it was placed. 
B)  Each nucleus of cells in the blastula was specific in the development it could direct. 
C)  When the gray crescent was bisected, neither half of the zygote developed into an embryo. 
D)  Transplantation of the dorsal lip of the blastopore from an early gastrula onto the region opposite the blastopore of another early gastrula resulted in a single embryo with two notochords. 
E)  When the gray crescent was not bisected, the half of the zygote receiving it developed into a complete embryo while the half lacking it formed a clump of undifferentiated cells.

Question 7

The primitive groove of bird and mammalian embryos and the _______ of amphibian embryos function in similar ways.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primitive groove of bird and mammalian...

Question 8

Radial, spiral, and rotational cleavage are all forms of _______ cleavage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Radial, spiral, and rotational cleavage are all...

Question 9

_______ genes control differentiation along the anterior‒posterior axis of the developing vertebrate body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ genes control differentiation along the anterior‒posterior...

Question 10

Which statement about Hox genes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  In mammals, the temporal and spatial expression of Hox genes follows their linear order on the chromosome. 
B)  Most but not all Hox genes contain a sequence of DNA called the homeobox. 
C)  Hox gene products serve as structural proteins. 
D)  In vertebrates, Hox genes control differentiation primarily along the dorsal-ventral axis. 
E)  Mammals have ten Hox gene complexes, each with about four genes. 
A)  In mammals, the temporal and spatial expression of Hox genes follows their linear order on the chromosome. 
B)  Most but not all Hox genes contain a sequence of DNA called the homeobox. 
C)  Hox gene products serve as structural proteins. 
D)  In vertebrates, Hox genes control differentiation primarily along the dorsal-ventral axis. 
E)  Mammals have ten Hox gene complexes, each with about four genes.

Question 11

After gastrulation, the ectodermal cells contribute to the developing

Accepted Answer

A)  sense organs and epidermis. 
B)  skeletal muscles. 
C)  inner lining of the respiratory tract. 
D)  pancreas. 
E)  heart muscles. 
A)  sense organs and epidermis. 
B)  skeletal muscles. 
C)  inner lining of the respiratory tract. 
D)  pancreas. 
E)  heart muscles.

Question 12

During development, the _______ is an important structure for waste storage in birds and some mammals, but not in humans.

Accepted Answer

A)  allantois 
B)  yolk sac 
C)  placenta 
D)  umbilical cord 
E)  amnion 
A)  allantois 
B)  yolk sac 
C)  placenta 
D)  umbilical cord 
E)  amnion

Question 13

Refer to the figure showing a sea urchin gastrula.   Identify the structures labelled a-g in the figure, using the following terms: archenteron, ectoderm, filopodia, primary mesenchyme, secondary mesenchyme, blastocoel, blastopore.

Accepted Answer

a. Blastocoel
b. Blastopore
c.

Question 14

The urinary waste of birds is primarily uric acid, which looks like a white paste when released from the bird.When a chick hatches from its shell, you can see this white paste, which had been deposited in the _______, where it was being stored during incubation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The urinary waste of birds is primarily...

Question 15

Working with salamander embryos, which result did Hans Spemann get when he transplanted a piece of an early gastrula that would normally form epidermis of skin to the region of another early gastrula that would normally form neural tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  The transplanted tissue formed neural tissue. 
B)  The recipient gastrula rejected the tissue transplant. 
C)  The transplanted tissue formed epidermis. 
D)  The recipient of the transplant died. 
E)  The recipient gastrula developed a secondary embryo at the transplant site. 
A)  The transplanted tissue formed neural tissue. 
B)  The recipient gastrula rejected the tissue transplant. 
C)  The transplanted tissue formed epidermis. 
D)  The recipient of the transplant died. 
E)  The recipient gastrula developed a secondary embryo at the transplant site.

Question 16

Place the following events of human early development in the correct order.

Accepted Answer

A)  Early cleavage, gastrulation, implantation, organogenesis, rapid growth 
B)  Early cleavage, implantation, gastrulation, organogenesis, rapid growth 
C)  Implantation, early cleavage, gastrulation, rapid growth, organogenesis 
D)  Gastrulation, implantation, early cleavage, rapid growth, organogenesis 
E)  Early cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, implantation, rapid growth 
A)  Early cleavage, gastrulation, implantation, organogenesis, rapid growth 
B)  Early cleavage, implantation, gastrulation, organogenesis, rapid growth 
C)  Implantation, early cleavage, gastrulation, rapid growth, organogenesis 
D)  Gastrulation, implantation, early cleavage, rapid growth, organogenesis 
E)  Early cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, implantation, rapid growth

Question 17

Choose the correct pairing of human developmental event and trimester.

Accepted Answer

A)  Liver stores glycogen: second trimester 
B)  Placenta forms: second trimester 
C)  Fingernails grow: first trimester 
D)  Lungs first breathe air: first trimester 
E)  Heart begins to beat: first trimester 
A)  Liver stores glycogen: second trimester 
B)  Placenta forms: second trimester 
C)  Fingernails grow: first trimester 
D)  Lungs first breathe air: first trimester 
E)  Heart begins to beat: first trimester

Question 18

Which feature characterizes cells of the inner cell mass in a mammalian embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secrete fluid to form the blastocoel 
B)  Adhere to the endometrium 
C)  Eventually form the hypoblast and epiblast 
D)  Secrete enzymes to aid in implantation 
E)  Become distinct from the trophoblast at the eight-cell stage 
A)  Secrete fluid to form the blastocoel 
B)  Adhere to the endometrium 
C)  Eventually form the hypoblast and epiblast 
D)  Secrete enzymes to aid in implantation 
E)  Become distinct from the trophoblast at the eight-cell stage

Question 19

Which statement about cleavage is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Discoidal cleavage is a form of complete cleavage. 
B)  In superficial cleavage, cycles of cell division occur without mitosis. 
C)  Superficial cleavage is a variation of complete cleavage. 
D)  A syncytium consists of multiple cells sharing a single nucleus. 
E)  In superficial cleavage, cleavage furrows eventually separate nuclei at the periphery into individual cells of the blastoderm. 
A)  Discoidal cleavage is a form of complete cleavage. 
B)  In superficial cleavage, cycles of cell division occur without mitosis. 
C)  Superficial cleavage is a variation of complete cleavage. 
D)  A syncytium consists of multiple cells sharing a single nucleus. 
E)  In superficial cleavage, cleavage furrows eventually separate nuclei at the periphery into individual cells of the blastoderm.

Question 20

Blocking the changes in shape and cell adhesion properties that lead to bottle cells would interfere with the

Accepted Answer

A)  first cleavage in amphibians. 
B)  formation of the archenteron in sea urchins. 
C)  formation of the gray crescent. 
D)  initiation of frog gastrulation. 
E)  initiation of sea urchin gastrulation. 
A)  first cleavage in amphibians. 
B)  formation of the archenteron in sea urchins. 
C)  formation of the gray crescent. 
D)  initiation of frog gastrulation. 
E)  initiation of sea urchin gastrulation.

Exam 43: Animal Development

Refer to the figure showing a 9-day chick embryo. Based on the figure, which statement is true?

The cells from the most lateral portions of the neural plate become migratory cells

Evaluate the following statement: The placenta is the organ where fetal and maternal blood supplies mix.

Which feature would you predict would be found in monotremes (egg-laying mammals)?

Which statement about the development of organs is true?

Which result did Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold, working with amphibian embryos, obtain?

The primitive groove of bird and mammalian embryos and the _______ of amphibian embryos function in similar ways.

Radial, spiral, and rotational cleavage are all forms of _______ cleavage.

_______ genes control differentiation along the anterior‒posterior axis of the developing vertebrate body.

Which statement about Hox genes is true?

After gastrulation, the ectodermal cells contribute to the developing

During development, the _______ is an important structure for waste storage in birds and some mammals, but not in humans.

Refer to the figure showing a sea urchin gastrula. Identify the structures labelled a-g in the figure, using the following terms: archenteron, ectoderm, filopodia, primary mesenchyme, secondary mesenchyme, blastocoel, blastopore.

The urinary waste of birds is primarily uric acid, which looks like a white paste when released from the bird.When a chick hatches from its shell, you can see this white paste, which had been deposited in the _______, where it was being stored during incubation.

Working with salamander embryos, which result did Hans Spemann get when he transplanted a piece of an early gastrula that would normally form epidermis of skin to the region of another early gastrula that would normally form neural tissue?

Place the following events of human early development in the correct order.

Choose the correct pairing of human developmental event and trimester.

Which feature characterizes cells of the inner cell mass in a mammalian embryo?

Which statement about cleavage is true?

Blocking the changes in shape and cell adhesion properties that lead to bottle cells would interfere with the

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