Question 1

The treatment that is most likely to cause cocklebur, a short-day plant, to flower is

Accepted Answer

A)  12 hours of light and 7 hours of darkness. 
B)  12 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. 
C)  12 hours of light and 10 hours of darkness. 
D)  12 hours of light and 10 hours of darkness, with exposure to red light for 30 minutes in the middle of the dark period. 
E)  12 hours of light with exposure to 10 minutes of darkness in the middle of the light period, and 8 hours of darkness. 
A)  12 hours of light and 7 hours of darkness. 
B)  12 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. 
C)  12 hours of light and 10 hours of darkness. 
D)  12 hours of light and 10 hours of darkness, with exposure to red light for 30 minutes in the middle of the dark period. 
E)  12 hours of light with exposure to 10 minutes of darkness in the middle of the light period, and 8 hours of darkness.

Question 2

A complete flower is defined as one that includes

Accepted Answer

A)  carpels, stamens, petals, and sepals. 
B)  only carpels, petals, and sepals. 
C)  only stamens, petals, and sepals. 
D)  only carpels, stamens, and petals. 
E)  only carpels, stamens, and sepals. 
A)  carpels, stamens, petals, and sepals. 
B)  only carpels, petals, and sepals. 
C)  only stamens, petals, and sepals. 
D)  only carpels, stamens, and petals. 
E)  only carpels, stamens, and sepals.

Question 3

You are given an extract of DNA from vernalized winter wheat seeds and asked to decide whether vernalization has gone on long enough for flowering to occur.In order to make this judgment, you should examine an extract of the cell nucleus under an electron microscope and look for

Accepted Answer

A)  signs of degradation. 
B)  contamination with lipids. 
C)  compacted chromatin. 
D)  extra protein coating the DNA. 
E)  increased binding of histones. 
A)  signs of degradation. 
B)  contamination with lipids. 
C)  compacted chromatin. 
D)  extra protein coating the DNA. 
E)  increased binding of histones.

Question 4

It is suggested that bamboo used for decorative purposes be planted in deep underground containers.What is the reason for this suggestion?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bamboo plants need containment of their root systems to grow properly. 
B)  If not contained, bamboo plants will spread vegetatively via rhizomes and eventually fill the entire yard. 
C)  If not contained, the bamboo plants will spread sexually via bulbs to fill the garden. 
D)  If grown this way, bamboo plants will disperse less because growing seeds dropped from the plants will be better contained. 
E)  This will starve the plants, and they will not spread as easily. 
A)  The bamboo plants need containment of their root systems to grow properly. 
B)  If not contained, bamboo plants will spread vegetatively via rhizomes and eventually fill the entire yard. 
C)  If not contained, the bamboo plants will spread sexually via bulbs to fill the garden. 
D)  If grown this way, bamboo plants will disperse less because growing seeds dropped from the plants will be better contained. 
E)  This will starve the plants, and they will not spread as easily.

Question 5

Winter wheat can be planted in the spring for fall harvest if it is

Accepted Answer

A)  sprayed with gibberellins. 
B)  vernalized. 
C)  planted under a full moon. 
D)  stored in the dark for 50 days. 
E)  soaked in water. 
A)  sprayed with gibberellins. 
B)  vernalized. 
C)  planted under a full moon. 
D)  stored in the dark for 50 days. 
E)  soaked in water.

Question 6

An expedition has found two isolated populations of the same plant species.Both populations produce flowers, but the offspring of one of the populations appear to be clonally derived.What is the best explanation for this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The clonal population undergoes apomixis because of its location in a stable environment. 
B)  The clonal population undergoes apomixis in order to best survive an unstable environment. 
C)  The sexually reproducing population undergoes apomixis because of its location in a stable environment. 
D)  The sexually reproducing population undergoes apomixis in order to best survive an unstable environment. 
E)  In reality, the two plant populations are different species. 
A)  The clonal population undergoes apomixis because of its location in a stable environment. 
B)  The clonal population undergoes apomixis in order to best survive an unstable environment. 
C)  The sexually reproducing population undergoes apomixis because of its location in a stable environment. 
D)  The sexually reproducing population undergoes apomixis in order to best survive an unstable environment. 
E)  In reality, the two plant populations are different species.

Question 7

During the transition to flowering, floral organ identity genes become active following the expression of _______ genes.

Accepted Answer

A)  meristem identity 
B)  homeotic 
C)  signal transduction 
D)  embryonic axis 
E)  selector 
A)  meristem identity 
B)  homeotic 
C)  signal transduction 
D)  embryonic axis 
E)  selector

Question 8

The physiological mechanism by which plants measure photoperiod involves a pigment called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The physiological mechanism by which plants measure...

Question 9

The cells in embryo sacs that do not participate in reproduction are

Accepted Answer

A)  egg cells. 
B)  synergids. 
C)  antipodal cells. 
D)  central cells. 
E)  polar nuclei. 
A)  egg cells. 
B)  synergids. 
C)  antipodal cells. 
D)  central cells. 
E)  polar nuclei.

Question 10

The endosperm is formed by a fusion between the _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  egg nucleus; a sperm nucleus 
B)  egg nucleus; two sperm nuclei 
C)  synergid nuclei; a sperm nucleus 
D)  polar nuclei; a generative nucleus 
E)  polar nuclei; a sperm nucleus 
A)  egg nucleus; a sperm nucleus 
B)  egg nucleus; two sperm nuclei 
C)  synergid nuclei; a sperm nucleus 
D)  polar nuclei; a generative nucleus 
E)  polar nuclei; a sperm nucleus

Question 11

Which mechanism is not used by plants that flower independent of an external stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  An internal clock 
B)  An unknown internal signal 
C)  A genetic program insensitive to the environment 
D)  A signal pathway dependent on bud position 
E)  A photoreceptor 
A)  An internal clock 
B)  An unknown internal signal 
C)  A genetic program insensitive to the environment 
D)  A signal pathway dependent on bud position 
E)  A photoreceptor

Question 12

Which statement about pollen and pollination is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evolution of the pollen grain is correlated with the loss of motile sperm in flowering plants. 
B)  At maturity, the pollen grain consists of two sperm nuclei and a tube nucleus. 
C)  The pollen tube grows toward the female gametophyte through the style. 
D)  The pollen grain makes twice the genetic contribution to endosperm cells as it makes to the embryo. 
E)  Growth of the pollen tube is guided in part by a protein made by synergid cells. 
A)  Evolution of the pollen grain is correlated with the loss of motile sperm in flowering plants. 
B)  At maturity, the pollen grain consists of two sperm nuclei and a tube nucleus. 
C)  The pollen tube grows toward the female gametophyte through the style. 
D)  The pollen grain makes twice the genetic contribution to endosperm cells as it makes to the embryo. 
E)  Growth of the pollen tube is guided in part by a protein made by synergid cells.

Question 13

Which list represents the correct evolutionary order, from earliest to most recent evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wind-pollinated plant F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 plant with swimming sperm F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 animal-pollinated plant 
B)  Plant with swimming sperm F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 animal-pollinated plant F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 wind-pollinated plant 
C)  Animal-pollinated plant F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 wind-pollinated plant F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 plant with swimming sperm 
D)  Animal-pollinated plant F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 plant with swimming sperm F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 wind-pollinated plant 
E)  Plant with swimming sperm F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 wind-pollinated plant F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 animal-pollinated plant 
A)  Wind-pollinated plant F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 plant with swimming sperm F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 animal-pollinated plant 
B)  Plant with swimming sperm F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 animal-pollinated plant F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 wind-pollinated plant 
C)  Animal-pollinated plant F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 wind-pollinated plant F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 plant with swimming sperm 
D)  Animal-pollinated plant F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 plant with swimming sperm F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 wind-pollinated plant 
E)  Plant with swimming sperm F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 wind-pollinated plant F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 animal-pollinated plant

Question 14

Which is a potential disadvantage of self-pollination?

Accepted Answer

A)  More genetic diversity 
B)  Less genetic diversity 
C)  Fertile offspring 
D)  Production of transgenics 
E)  Self-compatibility 
A)  More genetic diversity 
B)  Less genetic diversity 
C)  Fertile offspring 
D)  Production of transgenics 
E)  Self-compatibility

Question 15

Which statement about the transition in plants from the vegetative state to the flowering state is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurs at the same time of year in all members of a given species. 
B)  It necessarily results in the cessation of vegetative growth. 
C)  It involves major developmental and gene expression changes. 
D)  It is insensitive to environmental cues. 
E)  It results in floral meristems that show indeterminate growth. 
A)  It occurs at the same time of year in all members of a given species. 
B)  It necessarily results in the cessation of vegetative growth. 
C)  It involves major developmental and gene expression changes. 
D)  It is insensitive to environmental cues. 
E)  It results in floral meristems that show indeterminate growth.

Question 16

Which characteristic is most likely to differ between parent and offspring as a result of sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stem structure 
B)  Root structure 
C)  Leaf arrangement 
D)  Genetic makeup 
E)  Hormone production 
A)  Stem structure 
B)  Root structure 
C)  Leaf arrangement 
D)  Genetic makeup 
E)  Hormone production

Question 17

Refer to the figure showing the initial stage of double fertilization.   The female cell physically closest to structure C in the figure is the

Accepted Answer

A)  central cell. 
B)  egg cell. 
C)  synergid. 
D)  antipodal cell. 
E)  tube cell. 
A)  central cell. 
B)  egg cell. 
C)  synergid. 
D)  antipodal cell. 
E)  tube cell.

Question 18

Late in its development, the angiosperm pollen tube carries _______ sperm nuclei to the embryo sac.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Late in its development, the angiosperm pollen...

Question 19

What type of genes are APETALA1 and LEAFY?

Accepted Answer

A)  Meristem identity genes 
B)  Homeotic genes 
C)  Signal transduction genes 
D)  Embryonic axis genes 
E)  Selector genes 
A)  Meristem identity genes 
B)  Homeotic genes 
C)  Signal transduction genes 
D)  Embryonic axis genes 
E)  Selector genes

Question 20

The expression of a gene controlling flowering varies with the chromatin state in the cell.Thus, the gene is influenced by _______ factors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The expression of a gene controlling flowering...

Exam 37: Reproduction in Flowering Plants

The treatment that is most likely to cause cocklebur, a short-day plant, to flower is

A complete flower is defined as one that includes

You are given an extract of DNA from vernalized winter wheat seeds and asked to decide whether vernalization has gone on long enough for flowering to occur.In order to make this judgment, you should examine an extract of the cell nucleus under an electron microscope and look for

It is suggested that bamboo used for decorative purposes be planted in deep underground containers.What is the reason for this suggestion?

Winter wheat can be planted in the spring for fall harvest if it is

An expedition has found two isolated populations of the same plant species.Both populations produce flowers, but the offspring of one of the populations appear to be clonally derived.What is the best explanation for this situation?

During the transition to flowering, floral organ identity genes become active following the expression of _______ genes.

The physiological mechanism by which plants measure photoperiod involves a pigment called _______.

The cells in embryo sacs that do not participate in reproduction are

The endosperm is formed by a fusion between the _______ and _______.

Which mechanism is not used by plants that flower independent of an external stimulus?

Which statement about pollen and pollination is false?

Which list represents the correct evolutionary order, from earliest to most recent evolution?

Which is a potential disadvantage of self-pollination?

Which statement about the transition in plants from the vegetative state to the flowering state is true?

Which characteristic is most likely to differ between parent and offspring as a result of sexual reproduction?

Refer to the figure showing the initial stage of double fertilization. The female cell physically closest to structure C in the figure is the

Late in its development, the angiosperm pollen tube carries _______ sperm nuclei to the embryo sac.

What type of genes are APETALA1 and LEAFY?

The expression of a gene controlling flowering varies with the chromatin state in the cell.Thus, the gene is influenced by _______ factors.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

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Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

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The endosperm is formed by a fusion between the _ and _.