Question 1

Which mineral is necessary for a plant's water and ion balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Magnesium 
B)  Nitrogen 
C)  Phosphorus 
D)  Potassium 
E)  Iron 
A)  Magnesium 
B)  Nitrogen 
C)  Phosphorus 
D)  Potassium 
E)  Iron

Question 2

Soils are subjected to which two types of weathering?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water and wind 
B)  Wind and chemical 
C)  Mechanical and chemical 
D)  Water and chemical 
E)  Frost and wind 
A)  Water and wind 
B)  Wind and chemical 
C)  Mechanical and chemical 
D)  Water and chemical 
E)  Frost and wind

Question 3

The products of nitrogen-fixing organisms can be oxidized to form nitrites and nitrates by

Accepted Answer

A)  all living organisms. 
B)  most living organisms that utilize oxygen. 
C)  many types of microorganisms. 
D)  a few specific genera of soil bacteria. 
E)  only the nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
A)  all living organisms. 
B)  most living organisms that utilize oxygen. 
C)  many types of microorganisms. 
D)  a few specific genera of soil bacteria. 
E)  only the nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Question 4

Magnesium ions may be traded with _______ ions in soil solutions by the process of cation exchange.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Magnesium ions may be traded with _______...

Question 5

Which mineral is deficient in a tomato plant whose growth is stunted and whose oldest leaves turn yellow and die prematurely?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium 
B)  Iron 
C)  Magnesium 
D)  Nitrogen 
E)  Phosphorus 
A)  Calcium 
B)  Iron 
C)  Magnesium 
D)  Nitrogen 
E)  Phosphorus

Question 6

In soils that are high in clay particles, a particular plant will need to encourage _______ by releasing hydrogen ions or carbon dioxide into the soil.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In soils that are high in clay...

Question 7

Chemical weathering, an important part of soil formation, includes the

Accepted Answer

A)  splitting of clays. 
B)  effects of freezing and thawing. 
C)  hydrolysis of rock. 
D)  crushing of rock. 
E)  drying of soils. 
A)  splitting of clays. 
B)  effects of freezing and thawing. 
C)  hydrolysis of rock. 
D)  crushing of rock. 
E)  drying of soils.

Question 8

The haustoria of parasitic plants and the hyphae of mycorrhizae both _______ the tissues of their hosts.

Accepted Answer

A)  digest 
B)  invade 
C)  color 
D)  benefit 
E)  make hydrophobic 
A)  digest 
B)  invade 
C)  color 
D)  benefit 
E)  make hydrophobic

Question 9

When examining a growing cucumber plant that has been inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi, you would expect to find

Accepted Answer

A)  a damaged plant. 
B)  weakened roots. 
C)  increased nutrient uptake, primarily phosphate. 
D)  an additional energy source in the plant. 
E)  decreased root surface area. 
A)  a damaged plant. 
B)  weakened roots. 
C)  increased nutrient uptake, primarily phosphate. 
D)  an additional energy source in the plant. 
E)  decreased root surface area.

Question 10

Because of their low concentrations outside the plant, most ions are transported into the cell via _______ transport.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because of their low concentrations outside the...

Question 11

Although mistletoes are green, they are parasites because

Accepted Answer

A)  their chlorophyll is not functional. 
B)  they cling to woody plants for physical support. 
C)  they capture and digest insects. 
D)  they have root nodules containing nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium. 
E)  they depend on other plants for water and minerals. 
A)  their chlorophyll is not functional. 
B)  they cling to woody plants for physical support. 
C)  they capture and digest insects. 
D)  they have root nodules containing nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium. 
E)  they depend on other plants for water and minerals.

Question 12

Refer to the figure showing root nodule formation.   Identify the structures labeled A, B, C, D, and E.

Accepted Answer

A: Cortical cells; B

Question 13

The fact that parasitic plants use similar biochemical recognition processes as symbiotic soil microbes provides evidence for which process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Divergent evolution 
B)  De-evolution 
C)  Stochasticity 
D)  Allosteric interactions 
E)  Convergent evolution 
A)  Divergent evolution 
B)  De-evolution 
C)  Stochasticity 
D)  Allosteric interactions 
E)  Convergent evolution

Question 14

Most of the nitrogen on Earth exists in the form of

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia. 
B)  nitrate ions. 
C)  N2 gas. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  proteins. 
A)  ammonia. 
B)  nitrate ions. 
C)  N2 gas. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  proteins.

Question 15

Refer to the graph showing the response of a hydroponic plant being transferred into a new solution.The dependent variable is the number of phosphate transporters per unit area of root epidermis as a function of time after transfer.   Why does the plot line level off after the plant has spent 12 hours in the new solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  The roots have absorbed all of the phosphate from the solution after 12 hours. 
B)  After 12 hours, the activity of the phosphate transporters reaches maximal levels and levels off. 
C)  The phosphate that is taken up by the transporters has all been assimilated after 12 hours. 
D)  The level of phosphate in the cells has decreased after 12 hours, shutting down transcription of the phosphate transporter genes. 
E)  The transcription rate of the phosphate transporter genes goes down after 12 hours, when the roots have adjusted to the phosphate level in the new solution. 
A)  The roots have absorbed all of the phosphate from the solution after 12 hours. 
B)  After 12 hours, the activity of the phosphate transporters reaches maximal levels and levels off. 
C)  The phosphate that is taken up by the transporters has all been assimilated after 12 hours. 
D)  The level of phosphate in the cells has decreased after 12 hours, shutting down transcription of the phosphate transporter genes. 
E)  The transcription rate of the phosphate transporter genes goes down after 12 hours, when the roots have adjusted to the phosphate level in the new solution.

Question 16

Which pair matches a soil additive with the change it would create in the soil conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decaying leaves: low pH 
B)  Decaying animals: high pH 
C)  Eggshells: low pH 
D)  Animal droppings: high potassium 
E)  Animal droppings: high sulfur 
A)  Decaying leaves: low pH 
B)  Decaying animals: high pH 
C)  Eggshells: low pH 
D)  Animal droppings: high potassium 
E)  Animal droppings: high sulfur

Question 17

Which process leads to the formation of fixed nitrogen in a form that is preferred by most plants in basic soils?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nitrogen fixation 
B)  Nitrification 
C)  Denitrification 
D)  Nitrate reduction 
E)  Breakdown of dead organisms 
A)  Nitrogen fixation 
B)  Nitrification 
C)  Denitrification 
D)  Nitrate reduction 
E)  Breakdown of dead organisms

Question 18

A novel species of rose that produces leghemoglobin in its leaves has been discovered.Based on this physical property, it is most likely that

Accepted Answer

A)  these leaves are underground. 
B)  the oxygen concentration in these leaves is lower than in a rose species without leghemoglobin. 
C)  these leaves are involved in denitrification. 
D)  this rose species contains less nitrogen compared to one without leghemoglobin. 
E)  this rose is an aquatic plant. 
A)  these leaves are underground. 
B)  the oxygen concentration in these leaves is lower than in a rose species without leghemoglobin. 
C)  these leaves are involved in denitrification. 
D)  this rose species contains less nitrogen compared to one without leghemoglobin. 
E)  this rose is an aquatic plant.

Question 19

A holoparasite species will probably not evolve into a hemiparasite because it lacks _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A holoparasite species will probably not evolve...

Question 20

A root whose microenvironment is deficient in a specific nutrient

Accepted Answer

A)  usually dies. 
B)  directs growth to find the nutrient in the soil. 
C)  does not change. 
D)  will grow towards light. 
E)  secretes basic compounds into the soil. 
A)  usually dies. 
B)  directs growth to find the nutrient in the soil. 
C)  does not change. 
D)  will grow towards light. 
E)  secretes basic compounds into the soil.

Exam 35: Plant Nutrition

Which mineral is necessary for a plant's water and ion balance?

Soils are subjected to which two types of weathering?

The products of nitrogen-fixing organisms can be oxidized to form nitrites and nitrates by

Magnesium ions may be traded with _______ ions in soil solutions by the process of cation exchange.

Which mineral is deficient in a tomato plant whose growth is stunted and whose oldest leaves turn yellow and die prematurely?

In soils that are high in clay particles, a particular plant will need to encourage _______ by releasing hydrogen ions or carbon dioxide into the soil.

Chemical weathering, an important part of soil formation, includes the

The haustoria of parasitic plants and the hyphae of mycorrhizae both _______ the tissues of their hosts.

When examining a growing cucumber plant that has been inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi, you would expect to find

Because of their low concentrations outside the plant, most ions are transported into the cell via _______ transport.

Although mistletoes are green, they are parasites because

Refer to the figure showing root nodule formation. Identify the structures labeled A, B, C, D, and E.

The fact that parasitic plants use similar biochemical recognition processes as symbiotic soil microbes provides evidence for which process?

Most of the nitrogen on Earth exists in the form of

Which pair matches a soil additive with the change it would create in the soil conditions?

Which process leads to the formation of fixed nitrogen in a form that is preferred by most plants in basic soils?

A novel species of rose that produces leghemoglobin in its leaves has been discovered.Based on this physical property, it is most likely that

A holoparasite species will probably not evolve into a hemiparasite because it lacks _______.

A root whose microenvironment is deficient in a specific nutrient

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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