Question 1

What term is used to describe the nonspecific uptake of fluids and dissolved solutes by a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osmosis 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Receptor-mediated endocytosis 
D)  Phagocytosis 
E)  Pinocytosis 
A)  Osmosis 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Receptor-mediated endocytosis 
D)  Phagocytosis 
E)  Pinocytosis

Question 2

Refer to the figure below.   Name the three types of proteins involved in transport, represented by A, B, and C.

Accepted Answer

A = unipor

Question 3

If a person becomes dehydrated and needs to acquire dissolved solutes rapidly, which cellular process will likely be accelerated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osmosis 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Receptor-mediated endocytosis 
D)  Phagocytosis 
E)  Pinocytosis 
A)  Osmosis 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Receptor-mediated endocytosis 
D)  Phagocytosis 
E)  Pinocytosis

Question 4

The fluid mosaic model of a biological membrane suggests that the membrane is made up of discrete units that can move freely.Which component most affects the fluidity of the membrane in an animal cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Integral membrane proteins 
B)  Hydrophobic carbohydrates 
C)  Phospholipids 
D)  Peripheral membrane proteins 
E)  Cholesterol molecules 
A)  Integral membrane proteins 
B)  Hydrophobic carbohydrates 
C)  Phospholipids 
D)  Peripheral membrane proteins 
E)  Cholesterol molecules

Question 5

Integrins are transmembrane proteins that can reversibly link the cytoskeleton of a cell to the extracellular matrix.When there is a transient period during which the cytoskeleton is not linked to the extracellular matrix, the result may be

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased diffusion of water into the cell. 
B)  increased communication through gap junctions. 
C)  more stability provided to the cytoskeleton. 
D)  cell movement through the extracellular matrix. 
E)  the binding of integrins to form tight junctions. 
A)  decreased diffusion of water into the cell. 
B)  increased communication through gap junctions. 
C)  more stability provided to the cytoskeleton. 
D)  cell movement through the extracellular matrix. 
E)  the binding of integrins to form tight junctions.

Question 6

Refer to the table below.   Which substances in the table can be predicted to pass, via simple diffusion, across a biological membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 3, 5 
B)  2, 3, 4, 7 
C)  2, 3, 5, 7 
D)  1, 2, 3, 5, 6 
E)  2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 
A)  2, 3, 5 
B)  2, 3, 4, 7 
C)  2, 3, 5, 7 
D)  1, 2, 3, 5, 6 
E)  2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Question 7

Which of the following experimental designs can be expected to produce evidence that a membrane's fluidity is affected by temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  Collect fish of the same species from Lake Michigan in both winter and summer, and analyze differences in membrane protein composition of liver cells. 
B)  Compare the rate of intermixing of sheep and goat membrane proteins after fusing sheep and goat liver cells in a cold room and in a warmed incubator. 
C)  Isolate and analyze the fatty acids present in intestinal cell membranes from three different fish species from the Mediterranean Sea. 
D)  Hold fish of the same species at different environmental temperatures in a lab, then isolate their liver cells and analyze differences in their membrane proteins. 
E)  Compare the nucleotide sequences of the gene encoding the same receptor protein present in neuronal cell membranes from a desert mouse, Arctic rabbit, and tropical monkey. 
A)  Collect fish of the same species from Lake Michigan in both winter and summer, and analyze differences in membrane protein composition of liver cells. 
B)  Compare the rate of intermixing of sheep and goat membrane proteins after fusing sheep and goat liver cells in a cold room and in a warmed incubator. 
C)  Isolate and analyze the fatty acids present in intestinal cell membranes from three different fish species from the Mediterranean Sea. 
D)  Hold fish of the same species at different environmental temperatures in a lab, then isolate their liver cells and analyze differences in their membrane proteins. 
E)  Compare the nucleotide sequences of the gene encoding the same receptor protein present in neuronal cell membranes from a desert mouse, Arctic rabbit, and tropical monkey.

Question 8

Which process will occur if a cell needs to acquire cholesterol from the surrounding environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cell membrane will form vesicles to trap cholesterol. 
B)  The cell membrane will allow cholesterol to diffuse into the cytoplasm. 
C)  The cell's integral membrane proteins will actively transport the cholesterol. 
D)  The cell membrane will take up cholesterol molecules via phagocytosis. 
E)  The cell will insert specific receptors for cholesterol into its membrane. 
A)  The cell membrane will form vesicles to trap cholesterol. 
B)  The cell membrane will allow cholesterol to diffuse into the cytoplasm. 
C)  The cell's integral membrane proteins will actively transport the cholesterol. 
D)  The cell membrane will take up cholesterol molecules via phagocytosis. 
E)  The cell will insert specific receptors for cholesterol into its membrane.

Question 9

Refer to the table below.   The phospholipids in the cell membranes of a fish species were observed to undergo a change in fatty acid composition when the fish were shifted from one environmental condition to another.Data from an investigation reporting these observations are shown in the table.What property of cell membranes is affected by this change, and how is this property affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  Membrane fluidity is increased in the shift from condition 1 to condition 2. 
B)  Membrane fluidity is decreased in the shift from condition 1 to condition 2. 
C)  Membrane permeability to hydrophilic substances is increased in the shift from condition 1 to condition 2. 
D)  Membrane permeability to hydrophobic substances is decreased in the shift from condition 1 to condition 2. 
E)  Membrane transport via facilitated diffusion is increased in the shift from condition 1 to condition 2. 
A)  Membrane fluidity is increased in the shift from condition 1 to condition 2. 
B)  Membrane fluidity is decreased in the shift from condition 1 to condition 2. 
C)  Membrane permeability to hydrophilic substances is increased in the shift from condition 1 to condition 2. 
D)  Membrane permeability to hydrophobic substances is decreased in the shift from condition 1 to condition 2. 
E)  Membrane transport via facilitated diffusion is increased in the shift from condition 1 to condition 2.

Question 10

Refer to the figure below showing the diffusion of a substance into a cell over time.   What kind of arrows, if any, should be shown in the part of the figure labeled B?

Accepted Answer

A)  No arrows 
B)  Two medium-sized arrows, one pointing into the cell and the other pointing out 
C)  One small arrow pointing into the cell and one large arrow pointing out 
D)  One large arrow pointing into the cell and one small arrow pointing out 
E)  One small arrow pointing into the cell and no other arrow 
A)  No arrows 
B)  Two medium-sized arrows, one pointing into the cell and the other pointing out 
C)  One small arrow pointing into the cell and one large arrow pointing out 
D)  One large arrow pointing into the cell and one small arrow pointing out 
E)  One small arrow pointing into the cell and no other arrow

Question 11

Two membrane components that serve as cell recognition sites are

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral and integral membrane proteins. 
B)  hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. 
C)  carbohydrates and proteins. 
D)  glycolipids and glycoproteins. 
E)  amino acids and lipids. 
A)  peripheral and integral membrane proteins. 
B)  hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. 
C)  carbohydrates and proteins. 
D)  glycolipids and glycoproteins. 
E)  amino acids and lipids.

Question 12

As shown in Figure 6.15 in the textbook, the uptake of glucose into cells uses energy gained from primary active transport by the sodium-potassium pump.Which statement best describes the use of this energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  The concentration gradient of Na+ drives the coupled transport of Na + and glucose. 
B)  Hydrolysis of ATP directly moves glucose against its concentration gradient. 
C)  The diffusion of K+ into the cell establishes a concentration gradient for glucose to follow. 
D)  The phosphorylation of the sodium-potassium pump allows glucose to diffuse into the cell. 
E)  Antiporters move Na+ out of the cell and glucose molecules in. 
A)  The concentration gradient of Na+ drives the coupled transport of Na + and glucose. 
B)  Hydrolysis of ATP directly moves glucose against its concentration gradient. 
C)  The diffusion of K+ into the cell establishes a concentration gradient for glucose to follow. 
D)  The phosphorylation of the sodium-potassium pump allows glucose to diffuse into the cell. 
E)  Antiporters move Na+ out of the cell and glucose molecules in.

Question 13

The main components in biological membranes are

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotides and nucleosides. 
B)  lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. 
C)  cholesterol and polar water molecules. 
D)  monosaccharides and polysaccharides. 
E)  enzymes, electron acceptors, and electron donors. 
A)  nucleotides and nucleosides. 
B)  lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. 
C)  cholesterol and polar water molecules. 
D)  monosaccharides and polysaccharides. 
E)  enzymes, electron acceptors, and electron donors.

Question 14

Tissues are made up of specialized groups of cells with similar functions.Animal cells are able to arrange themselves through

Accepted Answer

A)  cell recognition and cell adhesion. 
B)  stability provided by desmosomes. 
C)  active transport of vesicles. 
D)  orientation maintained by tight junctions. 
E)  communication between cells via gap junctions. 
A)  cell recognition and cell adhesion. 
B)  stability provided by desmosomes. 
C)  active transport of vesicles. 
D)  orientation maintained by tight junctions. 
E)  communication between cells via gap junctions.

Question 15

In animal cell junctions, _______ seal intercellular spaces, _______ reinforce attachments, and _______ allow for communication between cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  keratins; desmosomes; connexins 
B)  tight junctions; desmosomes; gap junctions 
C)  cell recognition molecules; adhesion molecules; tight junctions 
D)  junction proteins; adhesion molecules; connexins 
E)  desmosomes; gap junctions; tight junctions 
A)  keratins; desmosomes; connexins 
B)  tight junctions; desmosomes; gap junctions 
C)  cell recognition molecules; adhesion molecules; tight junctions 
D)  junction proteins; adhesion molecules; connexins 
E)  desmosomes; gap junctions; tight junctions

Question 16

A cell membrane contains many types of proteins.Which type of protein would most easily be removed from the cell membrane in aqueous conditions in a laboratory experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peripheral proteins 
B)  Channel proteins 
C)  Integral proteins 
D)  Transmembrane proteins 
E)  Gated channels 
A)  Peripheral proteins 
B)  Channel proteins 
C)  Integral proteins 
D)  Transmembrane proteins 
E)  Gated channels

Question 17

Active transport moves molecules

Accepted Answer

A)  in the same direction as diffusion moves them. 
B)  in a direction opposite to the one in which diffusion moves them. 
C)  into the cytoplasm. 
D)  toward the region with a higher pH. 
E)  toward the region of lower concentration of the molecule. 
A)  in the same direction as diffusion moves them. 
B)  in a direction opposite to the one in which diffusion moves them. 
C)  into the cytoplasm. 
D)  toward the region with a higher pH. 
E)  toward the region of lower concentration of the molecule.

Question 18

Bacteria and other foreign particles that enter the body can be made harmless by

Accepted Answer

A)  phagocytosis by white blood cells. 
B)  pinocytosis, which dissolves the foreign material. 
C)  active transport of the foreign particles by a membrane pump. 
D)  exocytosis through vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane. 
E)  specific receptors that mediate their entry into a cell. 
A)  phagocytosis by white blood cells. 
B)  pinocytosis, which dissolves the foreign material. 
C)  active transport of the foreign particles by a membrane pump. 
D)  exocytosis through vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane. 
E)  specific receptors that mediate their entry into a cell.

Question 19

Refer to the diagram below showing the fluid mosaic model.   Which of the labeled components affects the fluidity of the animal cell membrane according to the numbers of this component that are present, as well as other characteristics?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the diagram below showing the...

Question 20

Refer to the figure below showing active transport of amino acids from the intestine into cells lining the small intestine, followed by passive transport into the blood.   Based on this figure, what terms would be used to describe the mechanism of uptake of amino acids into intestinal cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary active transport; uniporter 
B)  Primary active transport; symporter 
C)  Primary active transport; antiporter 
D)  Secondary active transport; uniporter and antiporter 
E)  Secondary active transport; symporter and antiporter 
A)  Primary active transport; uniporter 
B)  Primary active transport; symporter 
C)  Primary active transport; antiporter 
D)  Secondary active transport; uniporter and antiporter 
E)  Secondary active transport; symporter and antiporter

Exam 6: Cell Membranes

What term is used to describe the nonspecific uptake of fluids and dissolved solutes by a cell?

Refer to the figure below. Name the three types of proteins involved in transport, represented by A, B, and C.

If a person becomes dehydrated and needs to acquire dissolved solutes rapidly, which cellular process will likely be accelerated?

The fluid mosaic model of a biological membrane suggests that the membrane is made up of discrete units that can move freely.Which component most affects the fluidity of the membrane in an animal cell?

Integrins are transmembrane proteins that can reversibly link the cytoskeleton of a cell to the extracellular matrix.When there is a transient period during which the cytoskeleton is not linked to the extracellular matrix, the result may be

Refer to the table below. Which substances in the table can be predicted to pass, via simple diffusion, across a biological membrane?

Which of the following experimental designs can be expected to produce evidence that a membrane's fluidity is affected by temperature?

Which process will occur if a cell needs to acquire cholesterol from the surrounding environment?

Refer to the figure below showing the diffusion of a substance into a cell over time. What kind of arrows, if any, should be shown in the part of the figure labeled B?

Two membrane components that serve as cell recognition sites are

As shown in Figure 6.15 in the textbook, the uptake of glucose into cells uses energy gained from primary active transport by the sodium-potassium pump.Which statement best describes the use of this energy?

The main components in biological membranes are

Tissues are made up of specialized groups of cells with similar functions.Animal cells are able to arrange themselves through

In animal cell junctions, _______ seal intercellular spaces, _______ reinforce attachments, and _______ allow for communication between cells.

A cell membrane contains many types of proteins.Which type of protein would most easily be removed from the cell membrane in aqueous conditions in a laboratory experiment?

Active transport moves molecules

Bacteria and other foreign particles that enter the body can be made harmless by

Refer to the diagram below showing the fluid mosaic model. Which of the labeled components affects the fluidity of the animal cell membrane according to the numbers of this component that are present, as well as other characteristics?

Refer to the figure below showing active transport of amino acids from the intestine into cells lining the small intestine, followed by passive transport into the blood. Based on this figure, what terms would be used to describe the mechanism of uptake of amino acids into intestinal cells?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

In animal cell junctions, ___ seal intercellular spaces, _ reinforce attachments, and _____ allow for communication between cells.