Question 1

In the intestine, Na+ and an amino acid bind to the same transport protein that moves the two substances in the same direction.This type of active transport involves

Accepted Answer

A)  a symporter. 
B)  an antiporter. 
C)  secondary active transport. 
D)  facilitated transport. 
E)  a diffusion mechanism. 
A)  a symporter. 
B)  an antiporter. 
C)  secondary active transport. 
D)  facilitated transport. 
E)  a diffusion mechanism.

Question 2

Experimental results from five different studies on cell membranes are given.Which results could be used as evidence to support the claim that temperature affects a membrane's fluidity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Results from freeze-fracture imaging of cell membranes isolated from blood cells of Arctic and desert rabbits 
B)  A comparison of diffusion rates of different membrane proteins at 37°C in the cell membranes of liver cells from mice 
C)  A chemical analysis of the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content in membranes of intestinal cells from a single population of tropical frogs 
D)  A comparison of lipid compositions of membranes in different cells within the same organism 
E)  An analysis of the change in fatty acid compositions of liver cell membranes in a fish species before and after they migrate from warm to cold waters 
A)  Results from freeze-fracture imaging of cell membranes isolated from blood cells of Arctic and desert rabbits 
B)  A comparison of diffusion rates of different membrane proteins at 37°C in the cell membranes of liver cells from mice 
C)  A chemical analysis of the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content in membranes of intestinal cells from a single population of tropical frogs 
D)  A comparison of lipid compositions of membranes in different cells within the same organism 
E)  An analysis of the change in fatty acid compositions of liver cell membranes in a fish species before and after they migrate from warm to cold waters

Question 3

Refer to the figure below showing a series of events in a cell.   Which statement describes what is happening during the phase labeled 2 in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemical bond energy is expended as a vesicle membrane inserts itself into and fuses with the cell membrane. 
B)  An enzyme associated with a vesicle opens a hole in the cell membrane, allowing the vesicle to fuse with it. 
C)  New phospholipids are synthesized at the interface between a vesicle and the cell membrane to allow the two lipid bilayers to fuse. 
D)  As a vesicle membrane contacts the cell membrane, the lipid bilayers of the two membranes merge to form one interconnected membrane. 
E)  Enzymes within a vesicle digest part of the vesicle membrane to allow the remaining portion to fuse with the cell membrane. 
A)  Chemical bond energy is expended as a vesicle membrane inserts itself into and fuses with the cell membrane. 
B)  An enzyme associated with a vesicle opens a hole in the cell membrane, allowing the vesicle to fuse with it. 
C)  New phospholipids are synthesized at the interface between a vesicle and the cell membrane to allow the two lipid bilayers to fuse. 
D)  As a vesicle membrane contacts the cell membrane, the lipid bilayers of the two membranes merge to form one interconnected membrane. 
E)  Enzymes within a vesicle digest part of the vesicle membrane to allow the remaining portion to fuse with the cell membrane.

Question 4

Refer to the table below.   According to the data presented in the table, biological membranes differ in composition because of differences in

Accepted Answer

A)  gene expression. 
B)  anatomical location. 
C)  lipid arrangement. 
D)  biological origin. 
E)  biological function. 
A)  gene expression. 
B)  anatomical location. 
C)  lipid arrangement. 
D)  biological origin. 
E)  biological function.

Question 5

All of the following are involved in facilitated diffusion except

Accepted Answer

A)  ligands. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  gated channels. 
D)  carrier proteins. 
E)  channel proteins. 
A)  ligands. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  gated channels. 
D)  carrier proteins. 
E)  channel proteins.

Question 6

Refer to the figure below.   Which statement regarding the red blood cells in the figure is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cell C has been immersed in a hypertonic solution. 
B)  The concentration of solutes inside cell C is higher than in the solution surrounding the cell. 
C)  Cell A has been immersed in a hypotonic solution. 
D)  Osmosis occurs when a cell goes from condition B to C but not from condition B to A. 
E)  Diffusion of solutes out of the cell is causing the events shown in the transition from condition B to A. 
A)  Cell C has been immersed in a hypertonic solution. 
B)  The concentration of solutes inside cell C is higher than in the solution surrounding the cell. 
C)  Cell A has been immersed in a hypotonic solution. 
D)  Osmosis occurs when a cell goes from condition B to C but not from condition B to A. 
E)  Diffusion of solutes out of the cell is causing the events shown in the transition from condition B to A.

Question 7

The hydrophilic regions of a membrane protein are most likely to be found

Accepted Answer

A)  on the exterior surface of the membrane. 
B)  associated with the fatty acid region of the lipids. 
C)  restricted to the interior of the membrane. 
D)  restricted to membrane fragments. 
E)  either on the exterior surface or inserted into the interior surface of the membrane. 
A)  on the exterior surface of the membrane. 
B)  associated with the fatty acid region of the lipids. 
C)  restricted to the interior of the membrane. 
D)  restricted to membrane fragments. 
E)  either on the exterior surface or inserted into the interior surface of the membrane.

Question 8

Both primary and secondary active transport

Accepted Answer

A)  generate ATP. 
B)  are based on passive movement of Na+ ions. 
C)  include the passive movement of glucose molecules. 
D)  use ATP directly. 
E)  can move solutes against their concentration gradients. 
A)  generate ATP. 
B)  are based on passive movement of Na+ ions. 
C)  include the passive movement of glucose molecules. 
D)  use ATP directly. 
E)  can move solutes against their concentration gradients.

Question 9

If a cell membrane lacking integral proteins is prepared by the freeze-fracture technique and examined under the electron microscope, the exposed interior of the membrane bilayer will

Accepted Answer

A)  reveal a bumpy surface. 
B)  show hydrophobic side chains. 
C)  show an asymmetric distribution of proteins. 
D)  show cytoskeletal anchors. 
E)  look smooth. 
A)  reveal a bumpy surface. 
B)  show hydrophobic side chains. 
C)  show an asymmetric distribution of proteins. 
D)  show cytoskeletal anchors. 
E)  look smooth.

Question 10

A receptor in receptor-mediated endocytosis is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  ligand. 
B)  clathrin molecule. 
C)  glycolipid present in the lipid bilayer. 
D)  cholesterol molecule embedded in the membrane. 
E)  integral membrane protein. 
A)  ligand. 
B)  clathrin molecule. 
C)  glycolipid present in the lipid bilayer. 
D)  cholesterol molecule embedded in the membrane. 
E)  integral membrane protein.

Question 11

Suppose that a new drug shows promise in treating cancer because it can enter cells by simple diffusion.Which statement about the drug is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It depends on a specific carrier protein to enter the cells. 
B)  Diffusion of the drug continues until its concentrations across membranes are in equilibrium. 
C)  The drug molecules move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. 
D)  Diffusion of the drug molecules is a random process. 
E)  The rate of its diffusion is affected by temperature. 
A)  It depends on a specific carrier protein to enter the cells. 
B)  Diffusion of the drug continues until its concentrations across membranes are in equilibrium. 
C)  The drug molecules move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. 
D)  Diffusion of the drug molecules is a random process. 
E)  The rate of its diffusion is affected by temperature.

Question 12

There are two basic types of active transport.The difference between them is

Accepted Answer

A)  the energy source each uses to move substances across a membrane. 
B)  the type of transporters each uses to move substances across a membrane. 
C)  the direction in which each moves substances across a membrane. 
D)  the type of membrane across which substances are moved. 
E)  the amount of energy each requires for moving substances across a membrane. 
A)  the energy source each uses to move substances across a membrane. 
B)  the type of transporters each uses to move substances across a membrane. 
C)  the direction in which each moves substances across a membrane. 
D)  the type of membrane across which substances are moved. 
E)  the amount of energy each requires for moving substances across a membrane.

Question 13

Cell adhesion in animals often occurs through the interactions of

Accepted Answer

A)  organelles. 
B)  receptors. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  cytoskeletons. 
E)  carbohydrates. 
A)  organelles. 
B)  receptors. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  cytoskeletons. 
E)  carbohydrates.

Question 14

A biologist hypothesizes that a particular membrane protein is distributed throughout the cell and anchored to the cytoskeleton.Which experimental technique could provide evidence to test the biologist's hypothesis, and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freeze-fracturing techniques, because they can be used to identify cell locations of membrane proteins 
B)  Freeze-fracturing techniques, because they can distinguish between integral and peripheral proteins 
C)  Cell fusion techniques, because they can be used to analyze the diffusion rate of a membrane protein 
D)  Cell fusion techniques, because they can be used to determine the fluidity of a membrane 
E)  Cell fusion techniques, because they can distinguish between membrane proteins of different sizes by their diffusion rates 
A)  Freeze-fracturing techniques, because they can be used to identify cell locations of membrane proteins 
B)  Freeze-fracturing techniques, because they can distinguish between integral and peripheral proteins 
C)  Cell fusion techniques, because they can be used to analyze the diffusion rate of a membrane protein 
D)  Cell fusion techniques, because they can be used to determine the fluidity of a membrane 
E)  Cell fusion techniques, because they can distinguish between membrane proteins of different sizes by their diffusion rates

Question 15

Refer to the diagram below illustrating one type of membrane protein involved in facilitated diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane.   Identify the type of transporter shown, and explain how it differs from the other major type of transporter involved in facilitated diffusion.

Accepted Answer

The diagram shows a channel protein that

Question 16

Refer to the figure below.   The experimental technique shown in the figure is used to analyze cell membranes.How does this technique differ from freeze-fracturing techniques in terms of the information about cell membranes it can provide?

Accepted Answer

The figure shows a cell fusion experimen

Question 17

Refer to the figure below.   This cell uses _______ to move this substance against its concentration gradient.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure below.  ...

Question 18

If an animal cell needs to acquire more of a particular amino acid for a physiological process, it can employ _______ when the amino acid is more concentrated inside the cell than in the extracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  simple diffusion 
B)  facilitated diffusion 
C)  synthesis 
D)  active transport 
E)  osmosis 
A)  simple diffusion 
B)  facilitated diffusion 
C)  synthesis 
D)  active transport 
E)  osmosis

Question 19

The sodium‒potassium pump changes shape in response to

Accepted Answer

A)  the binding of ions. 
B)  the hydrolysis of ATP and phosphorylation. 
C)  the release of Na+ ions outside the cell. 
D)  the influx of K+ ions. 
E)  secondary active transport. 
A)  the binding of ions. 
B)  the hydrolysis of ATP and phosphorylation. 
C)  the release of Na+ ions outside the cell. 
D)  the influx of K+ ions. 
E)  secondary active transport.

Question 20

Refer to the figure below, which is being created to illustrate secondary active transport.   The small red circles represent the molecules being transported, and the H+ symbols represent hydrogen ions.The natural concentration gradient of the red molecules is shown.The hydrogen ion gradient was established by a membrane protein that is not shown.Given this information, which symbol should appear in the oval to indicate the direction of movement of hydrogen ions and red molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Exam 6: Cell Membranes

In the intestine, Na+ and an amino acid bind to the same transport protein that moves the two substances in the same direction.This type of active transport involves

Experimental results from five different studies on cell membranes are given.Which results could be used as evidence to support the claim that temperature affects a membrane's fluidity?

Refer to the figure below showing a series of events in a cell. Which statement describes what is happening during the phase labeled 2 in the diagram?

Refer to the table below. According to the data presented in the table, biological membranes differ in composition because of differences in

All of the following are involved in facilitated diffusion except

Refer to the figure below. Which statement regarding the red blood cells in the figure is true?

The hydrophilic regions of a membrane protein are most likely to be found

Both primary and secondary active transport

If a cell membrane lacking integral proteins is prepared by the freeze-fracture technique and examined under the electron microscope, the exposed interior of the membrane bilayer will

A receptor in receptor-mediated endocytosis is a(n)

Suppose that a new drug shows promise in treating cancer because it can enter cells by simple diffusion.Which statement about the drug is false?

There are two basic types of active transport.The difference between them is

Cell adhesion in animals often occurs through the interactions of

A biologist hypothesizes that a particular membrane protein is distributed throughout the cell and anchored to the cytoskeleton.Which experimental technique could provide evidence to test the biologist's hypothesis, and why?

Refer to the diagram below illustrating one type of membrane protein involved in facilitated diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane. Identify the type of transporter shown, and explain how it differs from the other major type of transporter involved in facilitated diffusion.

Refer to the figure below. The experimental technique shown in the figure is used to analyze cell membranes.How does this technique differ from freeze-fracturing techniques in terms of the information about cell membranes it can provide?

Refer to the figure below. This cell uses _______ to move this substance against its concentration gradient.

If an animal cell needs to acquire more of a particular amino acid for a physiological process, it can employ _______ when the amino acid is more concentrated inside the cell than in the extracellular fluid.

The sodium‒potassium pump changes shape in response to

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In the intestine, Na⁺ and an amino acid bind to the same transport protein that moves the two substances in the same direction.This type of active transport involves