Question 1

Sketch Bohr models to show the three isotopes of hydrogen, then explain how the three structures are similar and how they differ.

Accepted Answer

@#IMG-DLM& Each isotope of hydrogen has one proton

Question 2

A lithium atom contains three protons.For this atom to remain inert in an electric field, it must also contain

Accepted Answer

A)  three neutrons. 
B)  three electrons. 
C)  two neutrons and two electrons. 
D)  no electrons. 
E)  no neutrons. 
A)  three neutrons. 
B)  three electrons. 
C)  two neutrons and two electrons. 
D)  no electrons. 
E)  no neutrons.

Question 3

What part of the atom determines how the atom reacts chemically?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proton 
B)  Neutron 
C)  Electron 
D)  Innermost shell 
E)  Nucleus 
A)  Proton 
B)  Neutron 
C)  Electron 
D)  Innermost shell 
E)  Nucleus

Question 4

Which covalent bond is most polar?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nitrogen-oxygen 
B)  Carbon-oxygen 
C)  Hydrogen-oxygen 
D)  Nitrogen-hydrogen 
E)  Carbon-hydrogen 
A)  Nitrogen-oxygen 
B)  Carbon-oxygen 
C)  Hydrogen-oxygen 
D)  Nitrogen-hydrogen 
E)  Carbon-hydrogen

Question 5

What type of chemical bond connects the carbon and oxygen atoms in the molecule shown below?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonpolar covalent bond 
B)  Asymmetric bond 
C)  Polar covalent bond 
D)  Hydrogen bond 
E)  Hydrophobic interaction 
A)  Nonpolar covalent bond 
B)  Asymmetric bond 
C)  Polar covalent bond 
D)  Hydrogen bond 
E)  Hydrophobic interaction

Question 6

Refer to the figure below.   Which diagram represents a stable atom, and what element is it?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure below.  ...

Question 7

A neutral atom lost one or more particles.Before this loss, the atom had a mass of 15.99491 Da, and it was not influenced by an electric field.After this loss, the atom had a mass of 15.99440 Da, and its movement was diverted by an electric field.What particle(s) did the atom lose?

Accepted Answer

A)  One neutron 
B)  One proton 
C)  One electron 
D)  One proton and one electron 
E)  One neutron and one electron 
A)  One neutron 
B)  One proton 
C)  One electron 
D)  One proton and one electron 
E)  One neutron and one electron

Question 8

A helium atom contains

Accepted Answer

A)  a very large nucleus by volume. 
B)  electrons that have a mass similar to that of protons. 
C)  two hydrogen molecules. 
D)  two positively charged neutrons. 
E)  two negatively charged electrons. 
A)  a very large nucleus by volume. 
B)  electrons that have a mass similar to that of protons. 
C)  two hydrogen molecules. 
D)  two positively charged neutrons. 
E)  two negatively charged electrons.

Question 9

Which general chemical principles can be applied to all chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  The number of atoms in the reactants can differ from the number of atoms in the products. 
B)  Matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. 
C)  Energy cannot change its form during a chemical reaction. 
D)  Some chemical reactions occur without being accompanied by a change in energy. 
E)  Chemical bonds remain unchanged during a chemical reaction. 
A)  The number of atoms in the reactants can differ from the number of atoms in the products. 
B)  Matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. 
C)  Energy cannot change its form during a chemical reaction. 
D)  Some chemical reactions occur without being accompanied by a change in energy. 
E)  Chemical bonds remain unchanged during a chemical reaction.

Question 10

_______ capacity is a term used to describe the ability of a solution to prevent large changes in pH with the addition of a base or acid.

Accepted Answer

A)  Heat 
B)  Buffering 
C)  Cohesive 
D)  Vaporization 
E)  Freezing 
A)  Heat 
B)  Buffering 
C)  Cohesive 
D)  Vaporization 
E)  Freezing

Question 11

In the periodic table, why are hydrogen, lithium, and sodium in the same column?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have different numbers of protons. 
B)  They have the same number of unpaired electrons. 
C)  They have the same number of electrons. 
D)  The periodic table is in alphabetical order. 
E)  They have fully filled electron shells. 
A)  They have different numbers of protons. 
B)  They have the same number of unpaired electrons. 
C)  They have the same number of electrons. 
D)  The periodic table is in alphabetical order. 
E)  They have fully filled electron shells.

Question 12

Surface tension and cohesion occur in pure water because water

Accepted Answer

A)  is nonpolar. 
B)  contains covalent bonds. 
C)  forms intermolecular hydrogen bonds. 
D)  resists changes in temperature. 
E)  requires high energy input to vaporize. 
A)  is nonpolar. 
B)  contains covalent bonds. 
C)  forms intermolecular hydrogen bonds. 
D)  resists changes in temperature. 
E)  requires high energy input to vaporize.

Question 13

Carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon on Earth.Carbon-13 makes up about 1 percent of Earth's carbon atoms and is useful for radio imaging.Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon-13 has more protons than carbon-12. 
B)  Carbon-13 has more neutrons than carbon-12. 
C)  Carbon-13 has more electrons than carbon-12. 
D)  Carbon-13 has an electronic configuration that is different from that of carbon-12. 
E)  Carbon-13 has an equal number of protons and neutrons. 
A)  Carbon-13 has more protons than carbon-12. 
B)  Carbon-13 has more neutrons than carbon-12. 
C)  Carbon-13 has more electrons than carbon-12. 
D)  Carbon-13 has an electronic configuration that is different from that of carbon-12. 
E)  Carbon-13 has an equal number of protons and neutrons.

Question 14

Refer to the figure below.   The figure shows a molecule found in biological samples.What interactions will occur if 1 part of this compound is mixed with 20 parts of water, and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrophobic interactions will cause these molecules to disperse evenly between the water molecules. 
B)  Hydrophilic interactions will cause these molecules to disperse evenly between the water molecules. 
C)  Hydrophobic interactions between these molecules and water will cause all of the molecules to form a separate layer. 
D)  Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions between these molecules and water will cause groups of the molecules to form small spherical bunches dispersed in the water. 
E)  Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions between these molecules and water will cause single molecules to disperse evenly between the water molecules. 
A)  Hydrophobic interactions will cause these molecules to disperse evenly between the water molecules. 
B)  Hydrophilic interactions will cause these molecules to disperse evenly between the water molecules. 
C)  Hydrophobic interactions between these molecules and water will cause all of the molecules to form a separate layer. 
D)  Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions between these molecules and water will cause groups of the molecules to form small spherical bunches dispersed in the water. 
E)  Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions between these molecules and water will cause single molecules to disperse evenly between the water molecules.

Question 15

If the pH of an acid rain sample is 2.5 pH units more acidic than water, the acid rain sample has a pH of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the pH of an acid rain...

Question 16

When 0.1 mole of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to 1 liter of water, it ionizes, releasing OH- and Na+ ions.The resulting solution is

Accepted Answer

A)  acidic. 
B)  basic. 
C)  neutral. 
D)  molar. 
E)  a buffer. 
A)  acidic. 
B)  basic. 
C)  neutral. 
D)  molar. 
E)  a buffer.

Question 17

What features of the water molecule are responsible for its high heat of vaporization, and what other compound shares these features?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water's small size and low molecular weight; carbon dioxide (CO2) 
B)  Water's polarity and its ability to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds; ammonia (NH3) 
C)  Water's single bonds and tetrahedral bond orientations; methane (CH4) 
D)  Water's bent shape and lone pairs of electrons; sulfur dioxide (SO2) 
E)  Water's covalent bonds involving hydrogen and oxygen atoms; hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) 
A)  Water's small size and low molecular weight; carbon dioxide (CO2) 
B)  Water's polarity and its ability to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds; ammonia (NH3) 
C)  Water's single bonds and tetrahedral bond orientations; methane (CH4) 
D)  Water's bent shape and lone pairs of electrons; sulfur dioxide (SO2) 
E)  Water's covalent bonds involving hydrogen and oxygen atoms; hydrogen peroxide (HOOH)

Question 18

How would you make 100 mL of an aqueous solution with a 0.25 M concentration of a compound that has a molecular weight of 200 Da?

Accepted Answer

A)  Add 25 g of the compound to 100 mL of water. 
B)  Add 20 g of the compound to 100 mL of water. 
C)  Measure 2.5 g of the compound and add water until the volume equals 100 mL. 
D)  Measure 2 g of the compound and add water until the volume equals 100 mL. 
E)  Measure 5 g of the compound and add water until the volume equals 100 mL. 
A)  Add 25 g of the compound to 100 mL of water. 
B)  Add 20 g of the compound to 100 mL of water. 
C)  Measure 2.5 g of the compound and add water until the volume equals 100 mL. 
D)  Measure 2 g of the compound and add water until the volume equals 100 mL. 
E)  Measure 5 g of the compound and add water until the volume equals 100 mL.

Question 19

Refer to the oxidation-reduction reaction below. 
Fe + Cu2+ F1F1F1S1F1F1F10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Cu + Fe2+
This reaction occurs spontaneously when a strip of iron metal is placed into a solution of copper sulfate dissolved in water.During the reaction, iron metal is oxidized to form a cation, and copper ion is reduced to form copper metal.Which statement describes the change taking place?

Accepted Answer

A)  The change is not a chemical change because no covalent bonds were broken and new ones formed. 
B)  The change is not a chemical change because there were too few elements involved. 
C)  The change is a chemical change because the products differ chemically from the reactants. 
D)  The change is a chemical change because it occurred spontaneously. 
E)  The change is a chemical change because there was no overall change in mass. 
A)  The change is not a chemical change because no covalent bonds were broken and new ones formed. 
B)  The change is not a chemical change because there were too few elements involved. 
C)  The change is a chemical change because the products differ chemically from the reactants. 
D)  The change is a chemical change because it occurred spontaneously. 
E)  The change is a chemical change because there was no overall change in mass.

Question 20

Which interaction between atoms is the strongest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrophobic interactions 
B)  Ionic attraction 
C)  Covalent bonds 
D)  van der Waals forces 
E)  Hydrogen bonds 
A)  Hydrophobic interactions 
B)  Ionic attraction 
C)  Covalent bonds 
D)  van der Waals forces 
E)  Hydrogen bonds

Exam 2: Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Sketch Bohr models to show the three isotopes of hydrogen, then explain how the three structures are similar and how they differ.

A lithium atom contains three protons.For this atom to remain inert in an electric field, it must also contain

What part of the atom determines how the atom reacts chemically?

Which covalent bond is most polar?

What type of chemical bond connects the carbon and oxygen atoms in the molecule shown below?

Refer to the figure below. Which diagram represents a stable atom, and what element is it?

A neutral atom lost one or more particles.Before this loss, the atom had a mass of 15.99491 Da, and it was not influenced by an electric field.After this loss, the atom had a mass of 15.99440 Da, and its movement was diverted by an electric field.What particle(s) did the atom lose?

A helium atom contains

Which general chemical principles can be applied to all chemical reactions?

_______ capacity is a term used to describe the ability of a solution to prevent large changes in pH with the addition of a base or acid.

In the periodic table, why are hydrogen, lithium, and sodium in the same column?

Surface tension and cohesion occur in pure water because water

Carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon on Earth.Carbon-13 makes up about 1 percent of Earth's carbon atoms and is useful for radio imaging.Which of the following is true?

Refer to the figure below. The figure shows a molecule found in biological samples.What interactions will occur if 1 part of this compound is mixed with 20 parts of water, and why?

If the pH of an acid rain sample is 2.5 pH units more acidic than water, the acid rain sample has a pH of _______.

When 0.1 mole of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to 1 liter of water, it ionizes, releasing OH- and Na+ ions.The resulting solution is

What features of the water molecule are responsible for its high heat of vaporization, and what other compound shares these features?

How would you make 100 mL of an aqueous solution with a 0.25 M concentration of a compound that has a molecular weight of 200 Da?

Which interaction between atoms is the strongest?

Studying Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

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Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

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Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

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Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

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The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

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Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

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A Changing Biosphere

Filters

When 0.1 mole of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to 1 liter of water, it ionizes, releasing OH^- and Na⁺ ions.The resulting solution is