Question 1

When a chemical reaction occurs, changes in the form of _______ occur, which represents the capacity of the reaction to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  work; release energy 
B)  reactants; absorb energy 
C)  products; do work 
D)  reactants; make products 
E)  energy; do work 
A)  work; release energy 
B)  reactants; absorb energy 
C)  products; do work 
D)  reactants; make products 
E)  energy; do work

Question 2

Refer to the figure below.   Which part of the diagram has the largest H+ change per unit of base added?

Accepted Answer

A)  The area between the dotted lines 
B)  The area between pH 2 and pH 4 
C)  The area between pH 4 and pH 6 
D)  The area between pH 6 and pH 8 
E)  The areas between pH 2 and pH 4 and between pH 6 and pH 8 
A)  The area between the dotted lines 
B)  The area between pH 2 and pH 4 
C)  The area between pH 4 and pH 6 
D)  The area between pH 6 and pH 8 
E)  The areas between pH 2 and pH 4 and between pH 6 and pH 8

Question 3

Horses sweat heavily during high-intensity activities.This physiological response takes advantage of which property of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Differing densities at different temperatures 
B)  Ability to dissolve polar substances 
C)  High heat of vaporization 
D)  High heat capacity 
E)  Strong surface tension 
A)  Differing densities at different temperatures 
B)  Ability to dissolve polar substances 
C)  High heat of vaporization 
D)  High heat capacity 
E)  Strong surface tension

Question 4

Which substance is predicted to have a greater heat capacity per mole than water?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 5

Which compound is held together by ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water 
B)  Sugar 
C)  Sodium chloride 
D)  Methane 
E)  Ammonia 
A)  Water 
B)  Sugar 
C)  Sodium chloride 
D)  Methane 
E)  Ammonia

Question 6

Refer to the table below.   Which statement explains reasons for differences in the heat of vaporization for these compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Methane has the lowest heat of vaporization because its molecules experience no intermolecular forces of attraction. 
B)  Water has the highest heat of vaporization because it is the smallest in mass and physical size. 
C)  Both acetone and water have higher heat of vaporization compared with methane because both are polar molecules capable of hydrogen bonding. 
D)  Water has a higher heat of vaporization compared with acetone and methane because it is a polar molecule and the other two are not. 
E)  Water has the highest heat of vaporization because it is the only compound that is both polar and capable of forming hydrogen bonds. 
A)  Methane has the lowest heat of vaporization because its molecules experience no intermolecular forces of attraction. 
B)  Water has the highest heat of vaporization because it is the smallest in mass and physical size. 
C)  Both acetone and water have higher heat of vaporization compared with methane because both are polar molecules capable of hydrogen bonding. 
D)  Water has a higher heat of vaporization compared with acetone and methane because it is a polar molecule and the other two are not. 
E)  Water has the highest heat of vaporization because it is the only compound that is both polar and capable of forming hydrogen bonds.

Question 7

A _______ bond forms when there is an attraction between a partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom involved in a polar covalent bond and a partial negative charge on a nearby electronegative atom.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A _______ bond forms when there is...

Question 8

Which statement about ionic and covalent bonds is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  An ionic bond is stronger than a covalent bond. 
B)  Compared with an ionic bond, a nonpolar covalent bond has more equal electron sharing. 
C)  An ionic bond is almost identical to a nonpolar covalent bond. 
D)  Ionic bonds vary in length, but covalent bonds are all the same length. 
E)  An ionic bond can have multiple bonds, but a covalent bond cannot. 
A)  An ionic bond is stronger than a covalent bond. 
B)  Compared with an ionic bond, a nonpolar covalent bond has more equal electron sharing. 
C)  An ionic bond is almost identical to a nonpolar covalent bond. 
D)  Ionic bonds vary in length, but covalent bonds are all the same length. 
E)  An ionic bond can have multiple bonds, but a covalent bond cannot.

Question 9

Many desert plants have thick waxy cuticles that cover leaf and stem surfaces exposed to the environment.Many also have deep root systems that extend far below ground.These adaptations are critical to plant survival in the desert because _______ is the most abundant compound found in plant cells and plants need special features to maintain its abundance in their tissues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many desert plants have thick waxy cuticles...

Question 10

A chemist measures the masses of two substances separately, then combines them in a reaction flask and heats the mixture.After several minutes, the chemist cools the flask and measures the mass of the contents.The final mass of the contents is less than the sum of the masses of the two substances placed in the flask before heating.Which statement provides a possible explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Physical changes in the two starting substances resulted in products with less combined mass than the starting substances. 
B)  Heating caused the substances to melt, which resulted in a change in overall volume and mass. 
C)  The two starting substances absorbed energy from the heat, which destroyed some of the atoms making up the substances. 
D)  Only one product was formed from the combination of two reactants, resulting in less overall mass at the end. 
E)  The two starting substances underwent chemical change to produce two products, one of which was a gas. 
A)  Physical changes in the two starting substances resulted in products with less combined mass than the starting substances. 
B)  Heating caused the substances to melt, which resulted in a change in overall volume and mass. 
C)  The two starting substances absorbed energy from the heat, which destroyed some of the atoms making up the substances. 
D)  Only one product was formed from the combination of two reactants, resulting in less overall mass at the end. 
E)  The two starting substances underwent chemical change to produce two products, one of which was a gas.

Question 11

Refer to the figure below showing part of the periodic table.   What are the names of the elements that have complete outer shells?

Accepted Answer

Helium, ne

Question 12

Because it is the most abundant compound present in the bodies of living organisms, _______ is an important compound whose properties are essential to the study of biology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because it is the most abundant compound...

Question 13

A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of _______ between atoms, whereas an ionic bond is formed by the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrons; sharing of electrons 
B)  electrons; electric attraction between two neutral atoms 
C)  protons; electric attraction between two neutral atoms 
D)  protons; sharing of electrons 
E)  electrons; transfer of electrons from one atom to another 
A)  neutrons; sharing of electrons 
B)  electrons; electric attraction between two neutral atoms 
C)  protons; electric attraction between two neutral atoms 
D)  protons; sharing of electrons 
E)  electrons; transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Question 14

Which experimental procedure could be used to provide evidence that living organisms are dynamic systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Analyze the elemental composition of a living plant. 
B)  Follow radioactive carbon atoms in glucose molecules consumed by a mouse. 
C)  Measure water in a fungus by weighing before and after drying the fungus in an oven. 
D)  Compare DNA sequences in bacteria with DNA sequences in yeast. 
E)  Burn plant material in the presence of oxygen and determine the products of combustion. 
A)  Analyze the elemental composition of a living plant. 
B)  Follow radioactive carbon atoms in glucose molecules consumed by a mouse. 
C)  Measure water in a fungus by weighing before and after drying the fungus in an oven. 
D)  Compare DNA sequences in bacteria with DNA sequences in yeast. 
E)  Burn plant material in the presence of oxygen and determine the products of combustion.

Question 15

Refer to the figures below.   The correct ranking of these compounds in order of lowest to highest heat capacity per mole of compound is B < A < C.Which property would most likely be responsible for this trend?

Accepted Answer

A)  Molecular weight 
B)  Number of bonds 
C)  Hydrogen bonding capacity 
D)  Molecular shape 
E)  Ability to dissolve in water 
A)  Molecular weight 
B)  Number of bonds 
C)  Hydrogen bonding capacity 
D)  Molecular shape 
E)  Ability to dissolve in water

Question 16

If carbon dioxide has a molecular weight of approximately 44, then 0.25 moles of carbon dioxide has

Accepted Answer

A)  Avogadro's number of molecules. 
B)  a molecular weight of 22. 
C)  a molecular weight of 11. 
D)  approximately 1.5 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 1024 molecules. 
E)  a molecular weight of 88. 
A)  Avogadro's number of molecules. 
B)  a molecular weight of 22. 
C)  a molecular weight of 11. 
D)  approximately 1.5 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 1024 molecules. 
E)  a molecular weight of 88.

Question 17

In the summer, ice is used to cool beverages primarily because it

Accepted Answer

A)  floats. 
B)  is inexpensive. 
C)  does not affect taste. 
D)  is composed only of water. 
E)  absorbs a lot of heat as it melts. 
A)  floats. 
B)  is inexpensive. 
C)  does not affect taste. 
D)  is composed only of water. 
E)  absorbs a lot of heat as it melts.

Question 18

Which statement about spiders illustrates the importance of van der Waals forces in biology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some spider species live as solitary animals, while others form communal webs. 
B)  On a per-weight basis, spider silk is more resistant to breakage than steel. 
C)  Some spiders paralyze their prey by injecting venom into their bodies. 
D)  Some spider silks are extremely sticky and can adhere to smooth surfaces, such as glass. 
E)  Some spiders secrete digestive juices onto their prey to begin digestion before swallowing it. 
A)  Some spider species live as solitary animals, while others form communal webs. 
B)  On a per-weight basis, spider silk is more resistant to breakage than steel. 
C)  Some spiders paralyze their prey by injecting venom into their bodies. 
D)  Some spider silks are extremely sticky and can adhere to smooth surfaces, such as glass. 
E)  Some spiders secrete digestive juices onto their prey to begin digestion before swallowing it.

Question 19

Consider two scenarios: (1) a living cell metabolizes glucose to carbon dioxide and water, and (2) a pan of water boils on a stove.Which statement correctly compares these scenarios?

Accepted Answer

A)  Changes in energy occur as the cell metabolizes glucose, but not as the water boils. 
B)  Atoms are rearranged as the cell metabolizes glucose, but not as the water boils. 
C)  Matter is conserved as the cell metabolizes glucose, but not as the water boils. 
D)  Interactions between molecules change as the cell metabolizes glucose, but not as the water boils. 
E)  Energy is conserved as the cell metabolizes glucose, but not as the water boils. 
A)  Changes in energy occur as the cell metabolizes glucose, but not as the water boils. 
B)  Atoms are rearranged as the cell metabolizes glucose, but not as the water boils. 
C)  Matter is conserved as the cell metabolizes glucose, but not as the water boils. 
D)  Interactions between molecules change as the cell metabolizes glucose, but not as the water boils. 
E)  Energy is conserved as the cell metabolizes glucose, but not as the water boils.

Question 20

Some frog species lay their eggs in shallow waters.After fertilization, the embryos develop into tadpoles that require an aquatic environment until they develop into adults.This can be challenging in shallow waters, especially in regions where the daytime temperatures can reach the upper 90s in Fahrenheit degrees.Which two properties of water are most responsible for improving the odds of tadpole survival in these shallow waters on hot days?

Accepted Answer

A)  High surface tension and strong adhesive forces 
B)  Strong cohesive and adhesive forces 
C)  High heat capacity and high surface tension 
D)  High heat of vaporization and strong adhesive forces 
E)  High heat capacity and high heat of vaporization 
A)  High surface tension and strong adhesive forces 
B)  Strong cohesive and adhesive forces 
C)  High heat capacity and high surface tension 
D)  High heat of vaporization and strong adhesive forces 
E)  High heat capacity and high heat of vaporization

Exam 2: Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

When a chemical reaction occurs, changes in the form of _______ occur, which represents the capacity of the reaction to _______.

Refer to the figure below. Which part of the diagram has the largest H+ change per unit of base added?

Horses sweat heavily during high-intensity activities.This physiological response takes advantage of which property of water?

Which substance is predicted to have a greater heat capacity per mole than water?

Which compound is held together by ionic bonds?

Refer to the table below. Which statement explains reasons for differences in the heat of vaporization for these compounds?

A _______ bond forms when there is an attraction between a partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom involved in a polar covalent bond and a partial negative charge on a nearby electronegative atom.

Which statement about ionic and covalent bonds is true?

Refer to the figure below showing part of the periodic table. What are the names of the elements that have complete outer shells?

Because it is the most abundant compound present in the bodies of living organisms, _______ is an important compound whose properties are essential to the study of biology.

A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of _______ between atoms, whereas an ionic bond is formed by the _______.

Which experimental procedure could be used to provide evidence that living organisms are dynamic systems?

Refer to the figures below. The correct ranking of these compounds in order of lowest to highest heat capacity per mole of compound is B < A < C.Which property would most likely be responsible for this trend?

If carbon dioxide has a molecular weight of approximately 44, then 0.25 moles of carbon dioxide has

In the summer, ice is used to cool beverages primarily because it

Which statement about spiders illustrates the importance of van der Waals forces in biology?

Consider two scenarios: (1) a living cell metabolizes glucose to carbon dioxide and water, and (2) a pan of water boils on a stove.Which statement correctly compares these scenarios?

Studying Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

When a chemical reaction occurs, changes in the form of _ occur, which represents the capacity of the reaction to _.

Refer to the figure below. Which part of the diagram has the largest H⁺ change per unit of base added?

A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of _ between atoms, whereas an ionic bond is formed by the _.