Exam 2: Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

One mole of ADP undergoes a condensation reaction with inorganic phosphate to form 1 mole of ATP.This reaction requires the input of 32 kJ of energy, which is stored as chemical bond energy in the ATP until it is later released when 1 mole of ATP is hydrolyzed to form 1 mole of ADP and inorganic phosphate.The same quantity of energy is released in the hydrolysis reaction, a fact that illustrates the law of _______.

The Australian environmental protection agency defines bioremediation as a "process using microorganisms to degrade and detoxify organic substances to harmless compounds, such as carbon dioxide and water, in a confined and controlled environment." Bioremediation is being used to clean up oil spills, pesticide-contaminated estuaries, contaminated groundwater, and many other cases of pollution.Which statement would be true of bioremediations?

Which statement provides evidence that living organisms undergo constant change?

What is the difference between an atom and an element?

In an organic chemistry lab, chemical reactions are mainly carried out in organic solvents such as dichloromethane or hexane.Just down the hall in a biochemistry lab, chemical reactions are mainly carried out in aqueous buffers in which water is the solvent.If biochemical reactions involve organic compounds from biological sources, why aren't biochemical reactions carried out in organic solvents?

Which six elements provide most of the mass of biological organisms?

A double covalent chemical bond represents the sharing of _______ electron(s).

Which figure shows an example of a hydrogen bond?

Which has the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions?

An atom of has _______ neutrons and 35 protons.

The opposite of hydrophobic is

Which symbol represents an atom with the greatest number of neutrons?

Geckos are lizards that are amazing climbers.A gecko can climb up a glass surface and stick to it with a single toe.Professor Kellar Autumn, along with his students and collaborators, have shown that each toe of a gecko has millions of micrometer-sized hairs and that each hair splits into hundreds of 200 nm tips that provide intimate contact with a surface.Careful measurements show that a million of these tips could easily support the animal, but it has far more.The toes stick well on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces.Bending the hairs allows the gecko to detach.What kind of noncovalent force is involved in gecko sticking?

The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of _______ in each atom.

The difference between an acid and a base is that an acid _______, whereas a base _______.

Which statement about an atom is true?

The _______ in an aqueous solution is water.

When two nonpolar molecules are in close proximity, their interactions are enhanced by _______.

Which illustration below represents the attractive forces responsible for the movement of water in a single column from the roots of a tree up through the stem and into leaves?

Which statement about biochemical reactions is false?