Question 1

When an individual rod cell is stimulated with light, its membrane potential

Accepted Answer

A)  becomes more negative. 
B)  becomes more positive. 
C)  becomes more positive than that of other neurons. 
D)  begins to generate action potentials. 
E)  begins to reduce membrane polarization. 
A)  becomes more negative. 
B)  becomes more positive. 
C)  becomes more positive than that of other neurons. 
D)  begins to generate action potentials. 
E)  begins to reduce membrane polarization.

Question 2

What is the correct order of events associated with sensory transduction by sensory receptor cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Change in membrane permeability to ions, production of a receptor potential, generation of action potentials, stimulus arrival 
B)  Stimulus arrival, change in membrane permeability to ions, production of a receptor potential, generation of action potentials 
C)  Stimulus arrival, change in membrane permeability to ions, generation of action potentials, production of a receptor potential 
D)  Production of a receptor potential, stimulus arrival, generation of action potentials, change in membrane permeability to ions 
E)  Stimulus arrival, generation of action potentials, change in membrane permeability to ions, production of a receptor potential 
A)  Change in membrane permeability to ions, production of a receptor potential, generation of action potentials, stimulus arrival 
B)  Stimulus arrival, change in membrane permeability to ions, production of a receptor potential, generation of action potentials 
C)  Stimulus arrival, change in membrane permeability to ions, generation of action potentials, production of a receptor potential 
D)  Production of a receptor potential, stimulus arrival, generation of action potentials, change in membrane permeability to ions 
E)  Stimulus arrival, generation of action potentials, change in membrane permeability to ions, production of a receptor potential

Question 3

Which statement about accommodation is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Accommodation is the process by which objects from different portions of the visual field are focused on the retina. 
B)  Vertebrates such as fishes and reptiles accommodate by moving the lens relative to the retina. 
C)  The suspensory ligaments keep the lens flattened. 
D)  The ciliary muscles change the shape of the lens by counteracting the action of the suspensory ligaments. 
E)  When a person attempts to focus on a close object, the ciliary muscles relax. 
A)  Accommodation is the process by which objects from different portions of the visual field are focused on the retina. 
B)  Vertebrates such as fishes and reptiles accommodate by moving the lens relative to the retina. 
C)  The suspensory ligaments keep the lens flattened. 
D)  The ciliary muscles change the shape of the lens by counteracting the action of the suspensory ligaments. 
E)  When a person attempts to focus on a close object, the ciliary muscles relax.

Question 4

Which statement about chemoreception in snakes is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Snakes use their forked tongue to smell the environment. 
B)  Information from the tongue of a snake is interpreted in the main olfactory bulbs. 
C)  The tongue provides olfactory information more rapidly than does the flow of air to the lungs. 
D)  The tongue brings olfactory molecules to the vomeronasal organ. 
E)  Information provided by the tongue aids in communicating with conspecifics and in hunting prey. 
A)  Snakes use their forked tongue to smell the environment. 
B)  Information from the tongue of a snake is interpreted in the main olfactory bulbs. 
C)  The tongue provides olfactory information more rapidly than does the flow of air to the lungs. 
D)  The tongue brings olfactory molecules to the vomeronasal organ. 
E)  Information provided by the tongue aids in communicating with conspecifics and in hunting prey.

Question 5

You are interested in studying the roles of second messenger systems in sensory transduction.Which pair of receptors might you select for your experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors 
B)  Electroreceptors and thermoreceptors 
C)  Mechanoreceptors and thermoreceptors 
D)  Chemoreceptors and photoreceptors 
E)  Photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors 
A)  Chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors 
B)  Electroreceptors and thermoreceptors 
C)  Mechanoreceptors and thermoreceptors 
D)  Chemoreceptors and photoreceptors 
E)  Photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors

Question 6

_______ are mechanoreceptors that cause muscles to relax when a contraction is too forceful.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ are mechanoreceptors that cause muscles to...

Question 7

As a male silkworm moth nears a female that is releasing the pheromone bombykol,

Accepted Answer

A)  the female starts to release more bombykol. 
B)  the frequency of action potentials in his antennal nerve increases. 
C)  the diffusion coefficient of bombykol increases. 
D)  a larger number of the bombykol-sensitive hairs undergo sensory adaptation. 
E)  the receptor potential in bombykol-sensitive hairs is reduced. 
A)  the female starts to release more bombykol. 
B)  the frequency of action potentials in his antennal nerve increases. 
C)  the diffusion coefficient of bombykol increases. 
D)  a larger number of the bombykol-sensitive hairs undergo sensory adaptation. 
E)  the receptor potential in bombykol-sensitive hairs is reduced.

Question 8

Which statement about receptor potentials is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are graded membrane potentials. 
B)  A receptor potential represents a change in membrane potential of a receptor cell caused by a specific stimulus. 
C)  They must generate action potentials to signal over long distances. 
D)  The generation of receptor potentials is the last step in sensory adaptation. 
E)  They spread only short distances. 
A)  They are graded membrane potentials. 
B)  A receptor potential represents a change in membrane potential of a receptor cell caused by a specific stimulus. 
C)  They must generate action potentials to signal over long distances. 
D)  The generation of receptor potentials is the last step in sensory adaptation. 
E)  They spread only short distances.

Question 9

The vomeronasal organ

Accepted Answer

A)  is present in humans. 
B)  sends information to the accessory olfactory bulb. 
C)  is associated with gustation. 
D)  is located at the front of the oral cavity. 
E)  contains mechanoreceptors. 
A)  is present in humans. 
B)  sends information to the accessory olfactory bulb. 
C)  is associated with gustation. 
D)  is located at the front of the oral cavity. 
E)  contains mechanoreceptors.

Question 10

To test whether a group of hair cells depolarizes in response to a specific frequency, a researcher could produce the sound and then measure

Accepted Answer

A)  the rate of action potentials in the hair cells. 
B)  the flexion of the basilar membrane. 
C)  the membrane potentials of the hair cells. 
D)  vibration in the tympanic membrane. 
E)  pressure waves transduced by the organ of Corti. 
A)  the rate of action potentials in the hair cells. 
B)  the flexion of the basilar membrane. 
C)  the membrane potentials of the hair cells. 
D)  vibration in the tympanic membrane. 
E)  pressure waves transduced by the organ of Corti.

Question 11

The Golgi tendon organ is a type of mechanoreceptor found in tendons and ligaments.Action potentials from this structure inhibit spinal cord motor neurons.The main function of this structure is to

Accepted Answer

A)  monitor the force of muscle contraction. 
B)  provide information about deep pressure. 
C)  innervate muscles. 
D)  activate the Golgi apparatus within muscle cells. 
E)  signal muscle contraction. 
A)  monitor the force of muscle contraction. 
B)  provide information about deep pressure. 
C)  innervate muscles. 
D)  activate the Golgi apparatus within muscle cells. 
E)  signal muscle contraction.

Question 12

If you measure ion flow into a cell and find that it increases with a rise in temperature of the extracellular fluid, then the sensory receptor proteins are most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  electrosensors. 
B)  mechanoreceptors. 
C)  thermoreceptors. 
D)  chemoreceptors. 
E)  photoreceptors. 
A)  electrosensors. 
B)  mechanoreceptors. 
C)  thermoreceptors. 
D)  chemoreceptors. 
E)  photoreceptors.

Question 13

Why is it easier to see a small object in dim light if you look slightly away from it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Visual acuity occurs in the outer area of the eye. 
B)  The fovea is better able to focus in that position. 
C)  Rods contribute more to night vision and are located in the periphery of the retina. 
D)  The image will fall on the fovea, where cones are most dense. 
E)  Humans have two foveae, and the lateral one has higher acuity. 
A)  Visual acuity occurs in the outer area of the eye. 
B)  The fovea is better able to focus in that position. 
C)  Rods contribute more to night vision and are located in the periphery of the retina. 
D)  The image will fall on the fovea, where cones are most dense. 
E)  Humans have two foveae, and the lateral one has higher acuity.

Question 14

If you wanted to specifically block the binding of molecules to receptors of taste bud sensory cells, you would destroy the

Accepted Answer

A)  cilia. 
B)  vomeronasal organ. 
C)  microvilli. 
D)  supporting cells. 
E)  sensory neurons carrying information to the central nervous system. 
A)  cilia. 
B)  vomeronasal organ. 
C)  microvilli. 
D)  supporting cells. 
E)  sensory neurons carrying information to the central nervous system.

Question 15

Birds have two _______ in each eye that contribute to their high-acuity vision.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Birds have two _______ in each eye...

Question 16

How might the excessive mucus caused by a cold affect your sense of smell? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

Odorants must diffuse through mucus to r

Question 17

In _______, the shape of the lens changes when focusing.

Accepted Answer

A)  fishes and amphibians 
B)  amphibians and mammals 
C)  birds and mammals 
D)  birds, crocodilians, and mammals 
E)  mammals 
A)  fishes and amphibians 
B)  amphibians and mammals 
C)  birds and mammals 
D)  birds, crocodilians, and mammals 
E)  mammals

Question 18

Which statement about the perception of different basic tastes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each type of gustatory receptor protein has a different receptor potential. 
B)  Regardless of how taste information is transduced by different receptors, all taste bud sensory cells release neurotransmitter onto sensory neurons, which send the information to the central nervous system. 
C)  The five basic tastes result from five different transient receptor potential channel proteins. 
D)  Gustation receptor proteins are similar in their mode of stimulation, but they synapse with different sensory neurons that stimulate different parts of the brain. 
E)  The five basic tastes result from five different ions flowing through the same receptor proteins. 
A)  Each type of gustatory receptor protein has a different receptor potential. 
B)  Regardless of how taste information is transduced by different receptors, all taste bud sensory cells release neurotransmitter onto sensory neurons, which send the information to the central nervous system. 
C)  The five basic tastes result from five different transient receptor potential channel proteins. 
D)  Gustation receptor proteins are similar in their mode of stimulation, but they synapse with different sensory neurons that stimulate different parts of the brain. 
E)  The five basic tastes result from five different ions flowing through the same receptor proteins.

Question 19

Which statement about rhodopsin is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  In vertebrate eyes, the retinal and the opsin never separate from each other. 
B)  When 11-cis-retinal absorbs light, it becomes all-trans-retinal. 
C)  Rhodopsin is a transmembrane protein. 
D)  Rhodopsin consists of a protein and a light-absorbing molecule. 
E)  Rhodopsin gives humans sensitivity to low light levels. 
A)  In vertebrate eyes, the retinal and the opsin never separate from each other. 
B)  When 11-cis-retinal absorbs light, it becomes all-trans-retinal. 
C)  Rhodopsin is a transmembrane protein. 
D)  Rhodopsin consists of a protein and a light-absorbing molecule. 
E)  Rhodopsin gives humans sensitivity to low light levels.

Question 20

Damage to the _______ of taste buds would mean that molecules could not bind to the receptors on them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Damage to the _______ of taste buds...

Exam 45: Sensory Systems

When an individual rod cell is stimulated with light, its membrane potential

What is the correct order of events associated with sensory transduction by sensory receptor cells?

Which statement about accommodation is false?

Which statement about chemoreception in snakes is false?

You are interested in studying the roles of second messenger systems in sensory transduction.Which pair of receptors might you select for your experiments?

_______ are mechanoreceptors that cause muscles to relax when a contraction is too forceful.

As a male silkworm moth nears a female that is releasing the pheromone bombykol,

Which statement about receptor potentials is false?

The vomeronasal organ

To test whether a group of hair cells depolarizes in response to a specific frequency, a researcher could produce the sound and then measure

The Golgi tendon organ is a type of mechanoreceptor found in tendons and ligaments.Action potentials from this structure inhibit spinal cord motor neurons.The main function of this structure is to

If you measure ion flow into a cell and find that it increases with a rise in temperature of the extracellular fluid, then the sensory receptor proteins are most likely

Why is it easier to see a small object in dim light if you look slightly away from it?

If you wanted to specifically block the binding of molecules to receptors of taste bud sensory cells, you would destroy the

Birds have two _______ in each eye that contribute to their high-acuity vision.

How might the excessive mucus caused by a cold affect your sense of smell? Explain your answer.

In _______, the shape of the lens changes when focusing.

Which statement about the perception of different basic tastes is true?

Which statement about rhodopsin is false?

Damage to the _______ of taste buds would mean that molecules could not bind to the receptors on them.

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Cells: the Working Units of Life

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