Question 1

If the normal activity of amacrine cells is blocked,

Accepted Answer

A)  visual information will not reach the brain. 
B)  color vision will be lost. 
C)  ganglion cells will decrease in number. 
D)  detection of movement will be compromised. 
E)  detection of contrast will be lost. 
A)  visual information will not reach the brain. 
B)  color vision will be lost. 
C)  ganglion cells will decrease in number. 
D)  detection of movement will be compromised. 
E)  detection of contrast will be lost.

Question 2

The absorption of light by a rhodopsin molecule in a rod cell initiates a signal cascade beginning with the

Accepted Answer

A)  opening of a sodium channel. 
B)  closing of a large number of sodium channels. 
C)  formation of an activated phosphodiesterase molecule. 
D)  activation of transducin molecules. 
E)  activation of other rhodopsin molecules. 
A)  opening of a sodium channel. 
B)  closing of a large number of sodium channels. 
C)  formation of an activated phosphodiesterase molecule. 
D)  activation of transducin molecules. 
E)  activation of other rhodopsin molecules.

Question 3

If the normal activity of cone cells in the retina were blocked, what would be the result in the flow of visual information?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rods would not be able to cause neurotransmitter release in dark conditions. 
B)  Information about color would not be detected. 
C)  Color vision would be limited to one spectrum. 
D)  Retinal ganglion cells would not fire action potentials. 
E)  Cones would synapse with ganglion cells. 
A)  Rods would not be able to cause neurotransmitter release in dark conditions. 
B)  Information about color would not be detected. 
C)  Color vision would be limited to one spectrum. 
D)  Retinal ganglion cells would not fire action potentials. 
E)  Cones would synapse with ganglion cells.

Question 4

Which structure of the mammalian auditory system transduces (converts) pressure changes into action potentials that are carried by the auditory nerve to the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hair cells 
B)  Ear ossicles 
C)  Oval window 
D)  Tympanic membrane 
E)  Basilar membrane 
A)  Hair cells 
B)  Ear ossicles 
C)  Oval window 
D)  Tympanic membrane 
E)  Basilar membrane

Question 5

What do you predict would occur in the rod cells in your retina if you were in a dark room and turned on the lights?

Accepted Answer

A)  They would release more neurotransmitter in the light 
B)  Na+ entry into the cell would increase in the light. 
C)  cGMP-gated channels would open 
D)  The membrane potential would go from being hyperpolarized to being depolarized 
E)  The membrane potential would go from being depolarized to being hyperpolarized 
A)  They would release more neurotransmitter in the light 
B)  Na+ entry into the cell would increase in the light. 
C)  cGMP-gated channels would open 
D)  The membrane potential would go from being hyperpolarized to being depolarized 
E)  The membrane potential would go from being depolarized to being hyperpolarized

Question 6

If the G proteins in photoreceptors are pharmacologically blocked, exposure of these photoreceptors to light will

Accepted Answer

A)  raise the intracellular concentration of cations. 
B)  lower the intracellular concentration of cations. 
C)  cause electroreceptors to open ion channels. 
D)  cause a signaling cascade. 
E)  have no effect on these receptors. 
A)  raise the intracellular concentration of cations. 
B)  lower the intracellular concentration of cations. 
C)  cause electroreceptors to open ion channels. 
D)  cause a signaling cascade. 
E)  have no effect on these receptors.

Question 7

When a male cat smells the urine of a female cat, he may exhibit the flehmen response, a behavior in which he curls back his upper lip and breathes in deeply.Olfactory molecules from the urine travel in nasal fluid over chemoreceptors of the _______, which is a structure located on the septum dividing the two nostrils.

Accepted Answer

A)  gustatory nucleus 
B)  fovea 
C)  vomeronasal organ 
D)  organ of Corti 
E)  Ruffini endings 
A)  gustatory nucleus 
B)  fovea 
C)  vomeronasal organ 
D)  organ of Corti 
E)  Ruffini endings

Question 8

Refer to the table.   In the first column, what is the correct order of the parts of the ear that match the functions listed in the second column?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tympanic membrane, Pinna, Eustachian tube, Round window, Oval window 
B)  Pinna, Tympanic membrane, Organ of Corti, Stapes, Eustachian tube 
C)  Auditory canal, Pinna, Organ of Corti, Eustachian tube, Oval window 
D)  Pinna, Round window, Oval window, Organ of Corti, Tympanic membrane 
E)  Organ of Corti, Oval window, Pinna, Auditory canal, Eustachian tube 
A)  Tympanic membrane, Pinna, Eustachian tube, Round window, Oval window 
B)  Pinna, Tympanic membrane, Organ of Corti, Stapes, Eustachian tube 
C)  Auditory canal, Pinna, Organ of Corti, Eustachian tube, Oval window 
D)  Pinna, Round window, Oval window, Organ of Corti, Tympanic membrane 
E)  Organ of Corti, Oval window, Pinna, Auditory canal, Eustachian tube

Question 9

A(n) _______ is a change in the membrane potential of a sensory receptor cell in response to a stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  receptor potential 
B)  action potential 
C)  all-or-none signal 
D)  transduction signal 
E)  sensory potential 
A)  receptor potential 
B)  action potential 
C)  all-or-none signal 
D)  transduction signal 
E)  sensory potential

Question 10

Damage to horizontal cells and _______ cells would disrupt lateral processing of information across the retina.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Damage to horizontal cells and _______ cells...

Question 11

Many mammals have _______, which help collect sounds and direct them into the auditory canals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many mammals have _______, which help collect...

Question 12

Which statement about mechanoreceptors is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They transduce mechanical forces into changes in receptor potential. 
B)  If a mechanoreceptor is subject to increased distortion, more ion channels within its membrane open. 
C)  If the receptor potential of a mechanoreceptor rises, neurotransmitter may be released. 
D)  A physical force that disturbs the membrane of a mechanoreceptor causes anion channels to open. 
E)  The strength of the stimulus to the mechanoreceptor is reflected in the rate of action potentials generated or the amount of neurotransmitter released. 
A)  They transduce mechanical forces into changes in receptor potential. 
B)  If a mechanoreceptor is subject to increased distortion, more ion channels within its membrane open. 
C)  If the receptor potential of a mechanoreceptor rises, neurotransmitter may be released. 
D)  A physical force that disturbs the membrane of a mechanoreceptor causes anion channels to open. 
E)  The strength of the stimulus to the mechanoreceptor is reflected in the rate of action potentials generated or the amount of neurotransmitter released.

Question 13

Refer to the figure.   In the human olfactory system, a single glomerulus receives input from

Accepted Answer

A)  an olfactory receptor. 
B)  a basal cell. 
C)  an odorant molecule. 
D)  receptor cells of the same type. 
E)  a branch of the olfactory nerve. 
A)  an olfactory receptor. 
B)  a basal cell. 
C)  an odorant molecule. 
D)  receptor cells of the same type. 
E)  a branch of the olfactory nerve.

Question 14

The ability of the olfactory system to distinguish a wide variety of smells is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  a small family of olfactory receptor genes. 
B)  the ability of one olfactory molecule to activate a unique combination of glomeruli. 
C)  an increase in action potentials by an olfactory receptor cell. 
D)  integration by the vomeronasal organ. 
E)  the specific response of an olfactory receptor to one odorant molecule. 
A)  a small family of olfactory receptor genes. 
B)  the ability of one olfactory molecule to activate a unique combination of glomeruli. 
C)  an increase in action potentials by an olfactory receptor cell. 
D)  integration by the vomeronasal organ. 
E)  the specific response of an olfactory receptor to one odorant molecule.

Question 15

Upon diving into a pool, you initially feel cold, but soon you feel comfortable because of the phenomenon known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Upon diving into a pool, you initially...

Question 16

On a camping trip, you pitch your tent on a rock that you can feel through your sleeping bag all night.Which mechanoreceptors are most likely to be giving you information about this uncomfortable rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  Meissner's corpuscles, which are found primarily in non-hairy skin and are very sensitive but adapt rapidly and provide information about changes in things touching the skin 
B)  Merkel's discs, which adapt rather slowly and provide continuous information about anything touching the skin 
C)  Ruffini endings, which adapt slowly and are good at providing information about vibrating stimuli of low frequencies 
D)  Golgi tendon organs, which are found in tendons and ligaments and provide information about the force generated by contracting muscles 
E)  Sensory neurons that wrap around hair follicles 
A)  Meissner's corpuscles, which are found primarily in non-hairy skin and are very sensitive but adapt rapidly and provide information about changes in things touching the skin 
B)  Merkel's discs, which adapt rather slowly and provide continuous information about anything touching the skin 
C)  Ruffini endings, which adapt slowly and are good at providing information about vibrating stimuli of low frequencies 
D)  Golgi tendon organs, which are found in tendons and ligaments and provide information about the force generated by contracting muscles 
E)  Sensory neurons that wrap around hair follicles

Question 17

In the mammalian auditory system, pressure changes are transduced into action potentials by which structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tympanic membrane 
B)  Ear ossicles 
C)  Oval window 
D)  Organ of Corti 
E)  Basilar membrane 
A)  Tympanic membrane 
B)  Ear ossicles 
C)  Oval window 
D)  Organ of Corti 
E)  Basilar membrane

Question 18

What would be the effect of destroying the olfactory bulbs in a mouse?

Accepted Answer

The mouse could receive olfact

Question 19

Pheromones are involved in all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  defining territory boundaries for neighboring conspecifics. 
B)  attracting a mate. 
C)  delaying reproduction in individuals of another species. 
D)  marking a trail to food for colony members. 
E)  communicating alarm to family members. 
A)  defining territory boundaries for neighboring conspecifics. 
B)  attracting a mate. 
C)  delaying reproduction in individuals of another species. 
D)  marking a trail to food for colony members. 
E)  communicating alarm to family members.

Question 20

The photoreceptive cells least sensitive to light are the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The photoreceptive cells least sensitive to light...

Exam 45: Sensory Systems

If the normal activity of amacrine cells is blocked,

The absorption of light by a rhodopsin molecule in a rod cell initiates a signal cascade beginning with the

If the normal activity of cone cells in the retina were blocked, what would be the result in the flow of visual information?

Which structure of the mammalian auditory system transduces (converts) pressure changes into action potentials that are carried by the auditory nerve to the brain?

What do you predict would occur in the rod cells in your retina if you were in a dark room and turned on the lights?

If the G proteins in photoreceptors are pharmacologically blocked, exposure of these photoreceptors to light will

Refer to the table. In the first column, what is the correct order of the parts of the ear that match the functions listed in the second column?

A(n) _______ is a change in the membrane potential of a sensory receptor cell in response to a stimulus.

Damage to horizontal cells and _______ cells would disrupt lateral processing of information across the retina.

Many mammals have _______, which help collect sounds and direct them into the auditory canals.

Which statement about mechanoreceptors is false?

Refer to the figure. In the human olfactory system, a single glomerulus receives input from

The ability of the olfactory system to distinguish a wide variety of smells is due to

Upon diving into a pool, you initially feel cold, but soon you feel comfortable because of the phenomenon known as _______.

On a camping trip, you pitch your tent on a rock that you can feel through your sleeping bag all night.Which mechanoreceptors are most likely to be giving you information about this uncomfortable rock?

In the mammalian auditory system, pressure changes are transduced into action potentials by which structure?

What would be the effect of destroying the olfactory bulbs in a mouse?

Pheromones are involved in all of the following except

The photoreceptive cells least sensitive to light are the _______.

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