Question 1

Swimmer's ear is an infection in the outer ear, which means the infection is in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cochlea. 
B)  eustachian tube. 
C)  auditory canal. 
D)  oval window. 
E)  semicircular canals. 
A)  cochlea. 
B)  eustachian tube. 
C)  auditory canal. 
D)  oval window. 
E)  semicircular canals.

Question 2

Evaluate the following statement: All sensory receptor proteins influence ion channels indirectly by activating G proteins and second messenger systems.

Accepted Answer

The statement is incorrect. Some sensory

Question 3

Arthropods have evolved compound eyes consisting of large numbers of

Accepted Answer

A)  retinas. 
B)  photoreceptors. 
C)  ommatidia. 
D)  eye cups. 
E)  cones. 
A)  retinas. 
B)  photoreceptors. 
C)  ommatidia. 
D)  eye cups. 
E)  cones.

Question 4

The pathway for olfactory information flowing from the nasal cavity to the brain is

Accepted Answer

A)  olfactory cilia, glomeruli, mucus. 
B)  glomeruli, mucus, olfactory microvilli. 
C)  microvilli, mucus, glomeruli. 
D)  mucus, olfactory cilia, glomeruli. 
E)  mucus, microvilli, glomeruli. 
A)  olfactory cilia, glomeruli, mucus. 
B)  glomeruli, mucus, olfactory microvilli. 
C)  microvilli, mucus, glomeruli. 
D)  mucus, olfactory cilia, glomeruli. 
E)  mucus, microvilli, glomeruli.

Question 5

As an organic farmer, you want to create a substance that will lure a particular species of harmful insect away from your potato fields, while leaving beneficial insect species there.Which would be most effective in attracting the harmful species to a distant location?

Accepted Answer

A)  An extract of the type of potatoes they normally eat 
B)  An extract of the aggregation pheromone produced by the harmful insect species 
C)  An extract from a different kind of potato 
D)  A formula containing honey 
E)  An extract of the alarm pheromone produced by one of the beneficial insect species 
A)  An extract of the type of potatoes they normally eat 
B)  An extract of the aggregation pheromone produced by the harmful insect species 
C)  An extract from a different kind of potato 
D)  A formula containing honey 
E)  An extract of the alarm pheromone produced by one of the beneficial insect species

Question 6

Refer to the figure, which shows the human eye.   The three structures labeled A, B, and C bend light rays so that they are focused on the retina.These structures (from A to C) are the

Accepted Answer

A)  vitreous humor, lens, and cornea. 
B)  aqueous humor, lens, and cornea. 
C)  vitreous humor, lens, and retina. 
D)  aqueous humor, cornea, and pupil. 
E)  vitreous humor, cornea, and iris. 
A)  vitreous humor, lens, and cornea. 
B)  aqueous humor, lens, and cornea. 
C)  vitreous humor, lens, and retina. 
D)  aqueous humor, cornea, and pupil. 
E)  vitreous humor, cornea, and iris.

Question 7

Refer to the figure.   In the taste bud shown, identify the structures labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the figure, starting with 1 and ending with 4.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cilia, taste bud sensory cell, sensory neuron, nasal epithelium 
B)  Microvilli, olfactory receptor cell, motor neuron, nasal epithelium 
C)  Microvilli, taste bud sensory cell, sensory neuron, lingual (tongue) epithelium 
D)  Cilia, olfactory receptor cell, sensory neuron, nasal epithelium 
E)  Microvilli, olfactory receptor cell, sensory neuron, lingual (tongue) epithelium 
A)  Cilia, taste bud sensory cell, sensory neuron, nasal epithelium 
B)  Microvilli, olfactory receptor cell, motor neuron, nasal epithelium 
C)  Microvilli, taste bud sensory cell, sensory neuron, lingual (tongue) epithelium 
D)  Cilia, olfactory receptor cell, sensory neuron, nasal epithelium 
E)  Microvilli, olfactory receptor cell, sensory neuron, lingual (tongue) epithelium

Question 8

A chemical damages dendrites of stretch receptors of a crayfish.What will be the result?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ion channels will open when the muscle relaxes. 
B)  Stretching will not activate the opening of ion channels in stretch receptor dendrites. 
C)  Action potentials will spread from the cell body to the dendrites. 
D)  Sensory adaptation will occur. 
E)  Receptor potentials will travel down the axon. 
A)  The ion channels will open when the muscle relaxes. 
B)  Stretching will not activate the opening of ion channels in stretch receptor dendrites. 
C)  Action potentials will spread from the cell body to the dendrites. 
D)  Sensory adaptation will occur. 
E)  Receptor potentials will travel down the axon.

Question 9

In a visual system, light is absorbed by rhodopsin, which causes

Accepted Answer

A)  a change of shape in opsin, a photosensitive protein. 
B)  depolarization of the rhodopsin molecule, which results in the generation of an action potential. 
C)  first a change in the retinal molecule into a different isomer, and then a change in shape of the opsin protein. 
D)  oxidation of the rhodopsin molecule, a process known as bleaching. 
E)  an increase in the number of rod cells. 
A)  a change of shape in opsin, a photosensitive protein. 
B)  depolarization of the rhodopsin molecule, which results in the generation of an action potential. 
C)  first a change in the retinal molecule into a different isomer, and then a change in shape of the opsin protein. 
D)  oxidation of the rhodopsin molecule, a process known as bleaching. 
E)  an increase in the number of rod cells.

Question 10

Destruction of the vomeronasal organ of a male mouse would prevent all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  determination of the sex of another mouse encountered in a runway. 
B)  detection of a cat nearby. 
C)  identification of an individual mouse. 
D)  determination of the strain of another mouse. 
E)  assessing the sexual receptivity of a female mouse. 
A)  determination of the sex of another mouse encountered in a runway. 
B)  detection of a cat nearby. 
C)  identification of an individual mouse. 
D)  determination of the strain of another mouse. 
E)  assessing the sexual receptivity of a female mouse.

Question 11

Hair cells in the ear that provide information about sound are concentrated in the

Accepted Answer

A)  oval window. 
B)  tympanic membrane. 
C)  organ of Corti. 
D)  semicircular canals. 
E)  round window. 
A)  oval window. 
B)  tympanic membrane. 
C)  organ of Corti. 
D)  semicircular canals. 
E)  round window.

Question 12

Which of the following characterizes rod cells in the retina under dark conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  They release less neurotransmitter than under light conditions. 
B)  The membrane potential is depolarized. 
C)  The membrane potential is hyperpolarized. 
D)  There is less Na+ entry into the cell than under light conditions. 
E)  Rhodopsin in the rod cells activates transducin. 
A)  They release less neurotransmitter than under light conditions. 
B)  The membrane potential is depolarized. 
C)  The membrane potential is hyperpolarized. 
D)  There is less Na+ entry into the cell than under light conditions. 
E)  Rhodopsin in the rod cells activates transducin.

Question 13

Auditory information comes from hair cells in the _______ ear that are concentrated in the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  inner; organ of Corti 
B)  outer; tympanic membrane 
C)  inner; basilar membrane 
D)  middle; semicircular canals 
E)  middle; vestibular apparatus 
A)  inner; organ of Corti 
B)  outer; tympanic membrane 
C)  inner; basilar membrane 
D)  middle; semicircular canals 
E)  middle; vestibular apparatus

Question 14

The sound of a bird singing activates a(n) _______ in a mammal.

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanoreceptor 
B)  thermoreceptor 
C)  electroreceptor 
D)  chemoreceptor 
E)  photoreceptor 
A)  mechanoreceptor 
B)  thermoreceptor 
C)  electroreceptor 
D)  chemoreceptor 
E)  photoreceptor

Question 15

Olfactory receptor neurons

Accepted Answer

A)  contain microvilli on their dendrites. 
B)  have receptors that inactivate G proteins when an odorant binds. 
C)  are constantly replaced. 
D)  express multiple types of receptors. 
E)  are located in the nostrils. 
A)  contain microvilli on their dendrites. 
B)  have receptors that inactivate G proteins when an odorant binds. 
C)  are constantly replaced. 
D)  express multiple types of receptors. 
E)  are located in the nostrils.

Question 16

In the saccule and utricle of the vestibular system, stereocilia are bent by gravitational forces on the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the saccule and utricle of the...

Question 17

Ruffini endings

Accepted Answer

A)  are found in the epidermis. 
B)  adapt rapidly. 
C)  adapt slowly and provide information about vibrating stimuli of low frequencies. 
D)  respond to pain, itch, and temperature. 
E)  respond when surface hairs are displaced. 
A)  are found in the epidermis. 
B)  adapt rapidly. 
C)  adapt slowly and provide information about vibrating stimuli of low frequencies. 
D)  respond to pain, itch, and temperature. 
E)  respond when surface hairs are displaced.

Question 18

Which statement about the events of photoreception is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  As a rod cell hyperpolarizes, its release of neurotransmitter increases. 
B)  In the dark, most of the sodium channels of a rod cell are open. 
C)  cGMP keeps the sodium channels open. 
D)  Activated phosphodiesterase (PD
E)  catalyzes the reaction hydrolyzing cGMP into GMP. 
E)  The sodium channels of a rod cell close in proportion to the intensity of light received. 
A)  As a rod cell hyperpolarizes, its release of neurotransmitter increases. 
B)  In the dark, most of the sodium channels of a rod cell are open. 
C)  cGMP keeps the sodium channels open. 
D)  Activated phosphodiesterase (PD
E)  catalyzes the reaction hydrolyzing cGMP into GMP. 
E)  The sodium channels of a rod cell close in proportion to the intensity of light received.

Question 19

Horizontal and amacrine cells

Accepted Answer

A)  both form synapses with ganglion cells. 
B)  have axons that form the optic nerves. 
C)  form the layer of neurons in the retina that is closest to the lens. 
D)  contain rhodopsin. 
E)  communicate laterally across the retina. 
A)  both form synapses with ganglion cells. 
B)  have axons that form the optic nerves. 
C)  form the layer of neurons in the retina that is closest to the lens. 
D)  contain rhodopsin. 
E)  communicate laterally across the retina.

Question 20

How is information from a complex odorant molecule transmitted to the olfactory bulb?

Accepted Answer

A)  The frequency of action potentials in olfactory receptor neurons is dramatically increased. 
B)  Different regions of the odorant molecule can bind to different receptor proteins and activate a unique combination of glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. 
C)  The odorant molecule combines with other odorants to amplify the smell. 
D)  The odorant molecule activates one glomerulus in both olfactory bulbs. 
E)  The odorant molecule increases its binding to one type of receptor. 
A)  The frequency of action potentials in olfactory receptor neurons is dramatically increased. 
B)  Different regions of the odorant molecule can bind to different receptor proteins and activate a unique combination of glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. 
C)  The odorant molecule combines with other odorants to amplify the smell. 
D)  The odorant molecule activates one glomerulus in both olfactory bulbs. 
E)  The odorant molecule increases its binding to one type of receptor.

Exam 45: Sensory Systems

Swimmer's ear is an infection in the outer ear, which means the infection is in the

Evaluate the following statement: All sensory receptor proteins influence ion channels indirectly by activating G proteins and second messenger systems.

Arthropods have evolved compound eyes consisting of large numbers of

The pathway for olfactory information flowing from the nasal cavity to the brain is

As an organic farmer, you want to create a substance that will lure a particular species of harmful insect away from your potato fields, while leaving beneficial insect species there.Which would be most effective in attracting the harmful species to a distant location?

Refer to the figure, which shows the human eye. The three structures labeled A, B, and C bend light rays so that they are focused on the retina.These structures (from A to C) are the

Refer to the figure. In the taste bud shown, identify the structures labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the figure, starting with 1 and ending with 4.

A chemical damages dendrites of stretch receptors of a crayfish.What will be the result?

In a visual system, light is absorbed by rhodopsin, which causes

Destruction of the vomeronasal organ of a male mouse would prevent all of the following except

Hair cells in the ear that provide information about sound are concentrated in the

Which of the following characterizes rod cells in the retina under dark conditions?

Auditory information comes from hair cells in the _______ ear that are concentrated in the _______.

The sound of a bird singing activates a(n) _______ in a mammal.

Olfactory receptor neurons

In the saccule and utricle of the vestibular system, stereocilia are bent by gravitational forces on the _______.

Ruffini endings

Which statement about the events of photoreception is false?

Horizontal and amacrine cells

How is information from a complex odorant molecule transmitted to the olfactory bulb?

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Auditory information comes from hair cells in the _ ear that are concentrated in the _.