Question 1

Sensory adaptation would be least likely when you are exposed to

Accepted Answer

A)  an odor for a long time. 
B)  a painful stimulus. 
C)  the light touch of clothing. 
D)  constant background noise. 
E)  consistent pressure. 
A)  an odor for a long time. 
B)  a painful stimulus. 
C)  the light touch of clothing. 
D)  constant background noise. 
E)  consistent pressure.

Question 2

The magnitude of a receptor potential

Accepted Answer

A)  remains high even after a long period of stimulation. 
B)  is the same no matter what the type of stimulus. 
C)  depends on the amount of neurotransmitter released. 
D)  allows a signal to spread over long distances. 
E)  affects the rate at which resulting action potentials are fired. 
A)  remains high even after a long period of stimulation. 
B)  is the same no matter what the type of stimulus. 
C)  depends on the amount of neurotransmitter released. 
D)  allows a signal to spread over long distances. 
E)  affects the rate at which resulting action potentials are fired.

Question 3

Which statement about gustation is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Taste buds are distributed more broadly over the body in terrestrial animals than in aquatic animals. 
B)  Taste buds are shed and replaced, but the sensory neurons associated with them are not. 
C)  Microvilli of taste bud sensory cells contain membrane receptor proteins. 
D)  Humans perceive five taste classes. 
E)  Despite different mechanisms of taste transduction by the receptors of taste bud sensory cells, all of these sensory cells release neurotransmitter onto sensory neurons, which carry information to the central nervous system. 
A)  Taste buds are distributed more broadly over the body in terrestrial animals than in aquatic animals. 
B)  Taste buds are shed and replaced, but the sensory neurons associated with them are not. 
C)  Microvilli of taste bud sensory cells contain membrane receptor proteins. 
D)  Humans perceive five taste classes. 
E)  Despite different mechanisms of taste transduction by the receptors of taste bud sensory cells, all of these sensory cells release neurotransmitter onto sensory neurons, which carry information to the central nervous system.

Question 4

The greatest intensity of perceived smell comes from the

Accepted Answer

A)  enzyme that binds with the most odorant molecules. 
B)  odorant that binds to the most receptors. 
C)  greatest variety of odorant molecules. 
D)  greatest threshold of depolarization. 
E)  greatest number of odorant molecules entering the cell. 
A)  enzyme that binds with the most odorant molecules. 
B)  odorant that binds to the most receptors. 
C)  greatest variety of odorant molecules. 
D)  greatest threshold of depolarization. 
E)  greatest number of odorant molecules entering the cell.

Question 5

Which statement about rods and cones is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cones are more sensitive at low light intensity. 
B)  Rod cells produce action potentials. 
C)  The human retina has four kinds of cone cells. 
D)  Strictly nocturnal animals have more cones than rods. 
E)  In the fovea, the density of cones is greater than the density of rods. 
A)  Cones are more sensitive at low light intensity. 
B)  Rod cells produce action potentials. 
C)  The human retina has four kinds of cone cells. 
D)  Strictly nocturnal animals have more cones than rods. 
E)  In the fovea, the density of cones is greater than the density of rods.

Question 6

Which statement correctly describes how muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs differ from one another?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscles spindles are mechanoreceptors, whereas Golgi tendon organs are electroreceptors. 
B)  Muscles spindles have sensory neurons associated with them, whereas Golgi tendon organs do not. 
C)  Golgi tendon organs are modified muscle cells embedded within skeletal muscles, whereas muscle spindles are found in ligaments and tendons. 
D)  Muscle spindles have hair cells, whereas Golgi tendon organs lack hair cells. 
E)  Golgi tendon organs provide the central nervous system with information about the force generated by a contracting muscle, whereas muscle spindles provide information about stretching of muscles. 
A)  Muscles spindles are mechanoreceptors, whereas Golgi tendon organs are electroreceptors. 
B)  Muscles spindles have sensory neurons associated with them, whereas Golgi tendon organs do not. 
C)  Golgi tendon organs are modified muscle cells embedded within skeletal muscles, whereas muscle spindles are found in ligaments and tendons. 
D)  Muscle spindles have hair cells, whereas Golgi tendon organs lack hair cells. 
E)  Golgi tendon organs provide the central nervous system with information about the force generated by a contracting muscle, whereas muscle spindles provide information about stretching of muscles.

Question 7

Which of the following lack sensory receptor proteins that influence ion channels?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electrosensors 
B)  Mechanoreceptors 
C)  Thermoreceptors 
D)  Chemoreceptors 
E)  Photoreceptors 
A)  Electrosensors 
B)  Mechanoreceptors 
C)  Thermoreceptors 
D)  Chemoreceptors 
E)  Photoreceptors

Question 8

The sound of the alarm clock in the morning triggers a(n) _______ in the sleeper.

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanoreceptor 
B)  thermoreceptor 
C)  electroreceptor 
D)  chemoreceptor 
E)  photoreceptor 
A)  mechanoreceptor 
B)  thermoreceptor 
C)  electroreceptor 
D)  chemoreceptor 
E)  photoreceptor

Question 9

Which of the following is not one of the differences between the compound eyes of arthropods and the eyes of vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each arthropod eye has many optical units, whereas each vertebrate eye has one. 
B)  Each arthropod eye has many lenses, whereas each vertebrate eye has one. 
C)  Arthropod eyes communicate only low-resolution images, whereas vertebrate eyes communicate high-resolution images. 
D)  The eyes of arthropods provide information about patterns in the environment, whereas the eyes of vertebrates produce detailed images. 
E)  Arthropod eyes do not send information to the central nervous system for processing, whereas vertebrate eyes do. 
A)  Each arthropod eye has many optical units, whereas each vertebrate eye has one. 
B)  Each arthropod eye has many lenses, whereas each vertebrate eye has one. 
C)  Arthropod eyes communicate only low-resolution images, whereas vertebrate eyes communicate high-resolution images. 
D)  The eyes of arthropods provide information about patterns in the environment, whereas the eyes of vertebrates produce detailed images. 
E)  Arthropod eyes do not send information to the central nervous system for processing, whereas vertebrate eyes do.

Question 10

Which cell layer occurs farthest from the incoming light in the retina?

Accepted Answer

A)  Horizontal 
B)  Photoreceptor 
C)  Bipolar 
D)  Amacrine 
E)  Ganglion 
A)  Horizontal 
B)  Photoreceptor 
C)  Bipolar 
D)  Amacrine 
E)  Ganglion

Question 11

Receptor potentials produce action potentials in two ways: by generating action potentials within the sensory receptor cells and by causing the release of _______, which induces an associated neuron to generate action potentials.

Accepted Answer

A)  a hormone 
B)  mechanical pressure 
C)  a G protein 
D)  a neurotransmitter 
E)  ions 
A)  a hormone 
B)  mechanical pressure 
C)  a G protein 
D)  a neurotransmitter 
E)  ions

Question 12

Which sensory receptor proteins respond to stimuli by directly opening or closing ion channels?

Accepted Answer

A)  Photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors 
B)  Chemoreceptors and thermoreceptors 
C)  Thermoreceptors and mechanoreceptors 
D)  Chemoreceptors and electroreceptors 
E)  Photoreceptors and electroreceptors 
A)  Photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors 
B)  Chemoreceptors and thermoreceptors 
C)  Thermoreceptors and mechanoreceptors 
D)  Chemoreceptors and electroreceptors 
E)  Photoreceptors and electroreceptors

Question 13

Which of the following statements about sensory receptor proteins is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Photoreceptor proteins are also cation channels. 
B)  Receptor proteins either directly or indirectly affect the opening or closing of ion channels. 
C)  Electric current activates a second messenger cascade. 
D)  Mechanical force can stimulate G proteins. 
E)  Temperature can stimulate G proteins. 
A)  Photoreceptor proteins are also cation channels. 
B)  Receptor proteins either directly or indirectly affect the opening or closing of ion channels. 
C)  Electric current activates a second messenger cascade. 
D)  Mechanical force can stimulate G proteins. 
E)  Temperature can stimulate G proteins.

Question 14

Which statement about receptor potentials is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Receptor potentials are graded membrane potentials. 
B)  In order to signal over long distances, receptor potentials must generate action potentials. 
C)  Receptor potentials can generate action potentials by releasing neurotransmitters that prompt a postsynaptic neuron to generate action potentials. 
D)  A receptor potential is a change in membrane potential of a receptor cell in response to a stimulus. 
E)  Receptor potentials cannot trigger action potentials in the receptor cell itself. 
A)  Receptor potentials are graded membrane potentials. 
B)  In order to signal over long distances, receptor potentials must generate action potentials. 
C)  Receptor potentials can generate action potentials by releasing neurotransmitters that prompt a postsynaptic neuron to generate action potentials. 
D)  A receptor potential is a change in membrane potential of a receptor cell in response to a stimulus. 
E)  Receptor potentials cannot trigger action potentials in the receptor cell itself.

Question 15

Refer to the figure, which shows the human eye.   The layers of the human eye from outermost to innermost include the structures labeled G, H, and I, which are the

Accepted Answer

A)  retina, cornea, and pigmented epithelium. 
B)  sclera, pigmented epithelium, and retina. 
C)  cornea, retina, and iris. 
D)  retina, sclera, and pigmented epithelium. 
E)  sclera, ciliary muscle, and retina. 
A)  retina, cornea, and pigmented epithelium. 
B)  sclera, pigmented epithelium, and retina. 
C)  cornea, retina, and iris. 
D)  retina, sclera, and pigmented epithelium. 
E)  sclera, ciliary muscle, and retina.

Question 16

The magnitude of a receptor potential in the stretch receptor of a crayfish

Accepted Answer

A)  depends on the strength of the incoming action potential. 
B)  remains high even after a long period of stimulation. 
C)  is the same for all types of stimuli. 
D)  depends on the amount of neurotransmitter released. 
E)  depends on how much the muscle is stretched. 
A)  depends on the strength of the incoming action potential. 
B)  remains high even after a long period of stimulation. 
C)  is the same for all types of stimuli. 
D)  depends on the amount of neurotransmitter released. 
E)  depends on how much the muscle is stretched.

Question 17

Which statement about receptor potentials is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can cause the release of a neurotransmitter. 
B)  They can cause an action potential. 
C)  They are changes in membrane potential of the sensory receptor cells in response to stimuli. 
D)  They can spread over long distances. 
E)  They are caused by particular stimuli that change membrane permeability to ions. 
A)  They can cause the release of a neurotransmitter. 
B)  They can cause an action potential. 
C)  They are changes in membrane potential of the sensory receptor cells in response to stimuli. 
D)  They can spread over long distances. 
E)  They are caused by particular stimuli that change membrane permeability to ions.

Question 18

Which statement about color vision is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absorption spectra of cone cells vary due to molecular differences in the 11-cis-retinal molecules. 
B)  There are three different types of cone cells in the human retina. 
C)  Rods do not contribute to color vision. 
D)  Rhodopsins in the human retina differ in the wavelengths of light they absorb best. 
E)  Birds have four classes of cone cells. 
A)  Absorption spectra of cone cells vary due to molecular differences in the 11-cis-retinal molecules. 
B)  There are three different types of cone cells in the human retina. 
C)  Rods do not contribute to color vision. 
D)  Rhodopsins in the human retina differ in the wavelengths of light they absorb best. 
E)  Birds have four classes of cone cells.

Question 19

Which of the following does not characterize hair cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They contain fingerlike extensions of the cell membrane. 
B)  They are mechanoreceptors. 
C)  They are found in the vertebrate auditory and vestibular systems. 
D)  They depolarize when stereocilia bend in one direction and hyperpolarize when they bend in the opposite direction. 
E)  They are one of many types of tactile receptors found in the skin, where they wrap around hair follicles. 
A)  They contain fingerlike extensions of the cell membrane. 
B)  They are mechanoreceptors. 
C)  They are found in the vertebrate auditory and vestibular systems. 
D)  They depolarize when stereocilia bend in one direction and hyperpolarize when they bend in the opposite direction. 
E)  They are one of many types of tactile receptors found in the skin, where they wrap around hair follicles.

Question 20

Information from the vomeronasal organ is sent to the _______.

Accepted Answer

accessory

Exam 45: Sensory Systems

Sensory adaptation would be least likely when you are exposed to

The magnitude of a receptor potential

Which statement about gustation is false?

The greatest intensity of perceived smell comes from the

Which statement about rods and cones is true?

Which statement correctly describes how muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs differ from one another?

Which of the following lack sensory receptor proteins that influence ion channels?

The sound of the alarm clock in the morning triggers a(n) _______ in the sleeper.

Which of the following is not one of the differences between the compound eyes of arthropods and the eyes of vertebrates?

Which cell layer occurs farthest from the incoming light in the retina?

Receptor potentials produce action potentials in two ways: by generating action potentials within the sensory receptor cells and by causing the release of _______, which induces an associated neuron to generate action potentials.

Which sensory receptor proteins respond to stimuli by directly opening or closing ion channels?

Which of the following statements about sensory receptor proteins is true?

Which statement about receptor potentials is false?

Refer to the figure, which shows the human eye. The layers of the human eye from outermost to innermost include the structures labeled G, H, and I, which are the

The magnitude of a receptor potential in the stretch receptor of a crayfish

Which statement about receptor potentials is false?

Which statement about color vision is false?

Which of the following does not characterize hair cells?

Information from the vomeronasal organ is sent to the _______.

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