Exam 44: Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

If you were to design an axon with low resistance to ionic current flow, you would make

Sea stars are marine animals that have the simplest form of nervous system, a _______, located in each arm.

Refer to the figure showing the conduction of an action potential traveling from left to right in a myelinated axon.Note the action potential at node 2. Which statement about section 2 of the axon is true?

Neural networks contain functional categories of neurons involved with input, output, and integration.The types of neurons that carry information that has been transduced by specialized sensory cells to the central nervous system are

A disease that destroys astrocytes would cause all of the following except

A postsynaptic neuron receives both excitatory and inhibitory input on its dendrites or cell body.For the neuron to respond appropriately to the stimuli received at all of these sites, _______ summation must occur.

The potassium equilibrium potential is reached when the diffusion of K⁺ out of the cell due to the concentration gradient is balanced by the movement of K⁺ into the cell due to the negative electric potential.This potassium equilibrium potential

You are looking at neural tissue that has been treated with calcium-sensitive dyes and you notice calcium ion waves traveling through the tissue.These waves represent

Refer to the figure showing the knee-jerk reflex. What is happening at point 2?

Action potentials are all-or-none and self-regenerating events.These two properties contribute to which characteristic of action potentials?

Dendrites are projections that extend from the cell body of a neuron.A large array of dendrites would allow the neuron to

Which of the following has the components of the knee-jerk reflex in the correct sequence?

All of the following are events in an action potential except

A challenge to modern medicine is to design drugs that target the brain.Existing knowledge about the ability of _______ to cross the blood‒brain barrier seems to be the best starting point in the design of new treatments.

Consider the following statement: Voltage is to the flow of electrically charged particles as pressure is to the flow of water.This statement indicates that voltage is the

The motor end plate in a neuromuscular junction is part of the

The binding of acetylcholine results in a(n) _______ in the motor end plate membrane.

Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes weakness in skeletal muscle.It develops when a person's antibodies block or destroy _______ nicotinic receptors.

When K⁺ ions diffuse out of a resting neuron through open potassium leak channels and leave behind unbalanced negative charges that create a negative membrane potential, that pulls K⁺ back into the neuron.The membrane potential at which the diffusion of K⁺ out of the cell is balanced by the pull of K⁺ into the cell is called the potassium

Refer to the figure showing two electrodes, one placed within the cytoplasm of a nerve cell and the other placed outside the cell membrane. What are the two electrodes measuring, and what does the red line represent?