Exam 44: Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Choose the correct order in which information moves through the vertebrate nervous system.

The specialized chemical synapses between neurons and skeletal muscle cells are called _______.

During an action potential, activation gates in voltage-gated Na⁺ channels close rapidly, but there is a delay in the reopening of their inactivation gates.This contributes to the

In many neurons, a single axon conducts action potentials generated by the _______ to the _______.

The resting potential occurs when only leak potassium ion channels are open, whereas the membrane becomes hyperpolarized when chemically-gated _______ ion channels open.

When an action potential arrives at an axon terminal, it causes the opening of _______ channels, increasing the concentration of this ion within the cell, which ultimately triggers fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with the cell membrane.

In the vertebrate neuromuscular junction, acetylcholine is transmitted from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic motor end plate through

Evolutionarily, as animals increased in behavioral complexity, the pairs of ganglia in the anterior ends of their bodies fused to form

The form of rapid impulse propagation found in axons that are wrapped with myelin and contain nodes of Ranvier is called _______.

In the neuromuscular junction, once the acetylcholine receptor has bound acetylcholine on the postsynaptic muscle fiber, the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to _______ increases.

If a chemical prevents asymmetrical divisions of neuronal stem cells in the neural tube of a fish embryo, then

During the withdrawal reflex, sensory neurons transmit action potentials into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, where they synapse with _______ that send pain information to the brain.

The cells in the nervous system that provide support for neurons and modulate their activity are called _______.

If the motor neuron leaving the _______ root of the spinal cord is damaged, then the extensor muscle of the leg will not contract as it normally would during the knee-jerk reflex.

Disruption of the blood-brain barrier could signal problems with glial cells called _______.

All of the following characterize reflexes except

The resting membrane potential provides a means for a neuron to respond to a stimulus.To maintain the resting potential, neurons rely on ion transporters such as

Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?

Refer to the figure showing the knee-jerk reflex. What would be the immediate result of severing the neuron shown at point 2?

Brain areas vary in size, matched for body mass, among different vertebrates.Choose the pair in which the first area varies the least dramatically and the second area varies the most dramatically.