Question 1

To effectively stop the growth of a plant cell, the most useful thing to do is to stop

Accepted Answer

A)  binding of water to the cell. 
B)  uptake of water into the vacuole. 
C)  strengthening of cell-wall components. 
D)  deposition of new cell-wall materials on the outside of the cell wall. 
E)  proton-pumping into the cytoplasm. 
A)  binding of water to the cell. 
B)  uptake of water into the vacuole. 
C)  strengthening of cell-wall components. 
D)  deposition of new cell-wall materials on the outside of the cell wall. 
E)  proton-pumping into the cytoplasm.

Question 2

Seed dormancy affords adaptive advantages.Which requirement for germination would not be an adaptive feature in seeds of a desert annual that grows in warm, disturbed areas and also requires the seeds be deeply buried?

Accepted Answer

A)  Large seeds 
B)  A short period of imbibition 
C)  Abrasion of the seed coat 
D)  Prolonged exposure to cold temperatures 
E)  Water-soluble chemical inhibitors that need to be leached by water 
A)  Large seeds 
B)  A short period of imbibition 
C)  Abrasion of the seed coat 
D)  Prolonged exposure to cold temperatures 
E)  Water-soluble chemical inhibitors that need to be leached by water

Question 3

Which of the following was not one of the observations recorded from work on phototropism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Seedlings were negatively phototropic. 
B)  Auxin traveled down the stem. 
C)  Auxin moved somewhat to the shaded side. 
D)  Auxin was produced in the top 0.5 cm of the coleoptile. 
E)  Seedlings bent toward the light. 
A)  Seedlings were negatively phototropic. 
B)  Auxin traveled down the stem. 
C)  Auxin moved somewhat to the shaded side. 
D)  Auxin was produced in the top 0.5 cm of the coleoptile. 
E)  Seedlings bent toward the light.

Question 4

Which statement is not a conclusion that resulted from the Darwins' studies of phototropism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Light is sensed in the tip of the coleoptile. 
B)  Bending occurred in a region below the tip. 
C)  A signal travels from the tip downward. 
D)  Light caused movement of a growth-promoting substance from the growing region to the tip. 
E)  Light did not directly affect the growing region where bending occurred. 
A)  Light is sensed in the tip of the coleoptile. 
B)  Bending occurred in a region below the tip. 
C)  A signal travels from the tip downward. 
D)  Light caused movement of a growth-promoting substance from the growing region to the tip. 
E)  Light did not directly affect the growing region where bending occurred.

Question 5

Which cell-division promoting plant hormone is structurally related to a base common in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Abscisic acid 
B)  Gibberellins 
C)  Auxin 
D)  Zeatin 
E)  Ethylene 
A)  Abscisic acid 
B)  Gibberellins 
C)  Auxin 
D)  Zeatin 
E)  Ethylene

Question 6

If you observe a plant that has its stems bend toward the light and its roots bend down in response to gravity, you conclude that both responses

Accepted Answer

A)  are mediated by the lateral redistribution of auxin. 
B)  involve phototropin. 
C)  involve the settling of amyloplasts. 
D)  sometimes cause growth in the direction of the stimulus (light or gravity). 
E)  are known to involve a redistribution of abscisic acid. 
A)  are mediated by the lateral redistribution of auxin. 
B)  involve phototropin. 
C)  involve the settling of amyloplasts. 
D)  sometimes cause growth in the direction of the stimulus (light or gravity). 
E)  are known to involve a redistribution of abscisic acid.

Question 7

The production of fruit without fertilization, aided by auxin or gibberellin, is called

Accepted Answer

A)  parthenocarpy. 
B)  Parthian expansion. 
C)  endogenesis. 
D)  endometrium. 
E)  asexual formation. 
A)  parthenocarpy. 
B)  Parthian expansion. 
C)  endogenesis. 
D)  endometrium. 
E)  asexual formation.

Question 8

Gibberellin-induced "bolting" of rosette plants like cabbages involves primarily

Accepted Answer

A)  elongation of roots. 
B)  production of flowers. 
C)  increase in leaf number. 
D)  increase in leaf surface area. 
E)  elongation of the stem. 
A)  elongation of roots. 
B)  production of flowers. 
C)  increase in leaf number. 
D)  increase in leaf surface area. 
E)  elongation of the stem.

Question 9

You place a tank of an unknown gas next to a tree full of green lemons and open the valve on the tank.The fruits ripen, and all of the leaves fall off.The tank most likely contained

Accepted Answer

A)  ethylene. 
B)  1-methylcyclopropene. 
C)  ether. 
D)  oxygen. 
E)  nitrogen. 
A)  ethylene. 
B)  1-methylcyclopropene. 
C)  ether. 
D)  oxygen. 
E)  nitrogen.

Question 10

Seeds

Accepted Answer

A)  take up water at the onset of germination. 
B)  carry out extensive DNA synthesis in the initial stage of germination. 
C)  show a decrease in respiration as they germinate. 
D)  carry out photosynthesis in the hypocotyl after germination. 
E)  undergo extensive cell division in the early stages of germination. 
A)  take up water at the onset of germination. 
B)  carry out extensive DNA synthesis in the initial stage of germination. 
C)  show a decrease in respiration as they germinate. 
D)  carry out photosynthesis in the hypocotyl after germination. 
E)  undergo extensive cell division in the early stages of germination.

Question 11

Cytokinins delay _______, while ethylene promotes it.

Accepted Answer

A)  root production 
B)  pollen production 
C)  branching 
D)  senescence 
E)  apical dominance 
A)  root production 
B)  pollen production 
C)  branching 
D)  senescence 
E)  apical dominance

Question 12

Cultivars of sunflowers, which produce one large flower at the very apex of the plant with no branching, show strong _______, mediated by _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  basal dominance; cytokinin 
B)  apical dominance; cytokinin 
C)  apical dominance; auxin 
D)  root growth; ethylene 
E)  leaf formation; gibberellins 
A)  basal dominance; cytokinin 
B)  apical dominance; cytokinin 
C)  apical dominance; auxin 
D)  root growth; ethylene 
E)  leaf formation; gibberellins

Question 13

What is the difference between the cytokinins kinetin and zeatin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kinetin is found in aged DNA, whereas zeatin is found in fresh DNA. 
B)  Kinetin is the active form of zeatin. 
C)  Zeatin is the active form of kinetin. 
D)  Zeatin is a naturally occurring plant cytokinin, whereas kinetin is synthetic. 
E)  Zeatin is a synthetic cytokinin, whereas kinetin is natural. 
A)  Kinetin is found in aged DNA, whereas zeatin is found in fresh DNA. 
B)  Kinetin is the active form of zeatin. 
C)  Zeatin is the active form of kinetin. 
D)  Zeatin is a naturally occurring plant cytokinin, whereas kinetin is synthetic. 
E)  Zeatin is a synthetic cytokinin, whereas kinetin is natural.

Question 14

Normal plant development (such as the straightening of the apical hook in a germinating seedling) in the presence of light is called

Accepted Answer

A)  senescence. 
B)  photomorphogenesis. 
C)  thigmotropism. 
D)  phototropism. 
E)  gravitropism. 
A)  senescence. 
B)  photomorphogenesis. 
C)  thigmotropism. 
D)  phototropism. 
E)  gravitropism.

Question 15

Which statement about auxin transport is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Auxin enters a cell by passive diffusion of its anionic form. 
B)  The transport of auxin in a plant is polar from apex to base. 
C)  Auxin anion transporters that mediate the transport of auxin out of cells are located mainly in the basal end of cells. 
D)  The plasma membrane proton pump helps to drive auxin transport. 
E)  Reagents that make membranes permeable to H+ would inhibit auxin transport. 
A)  Auxin enters a cell by passive diffusion of its anionic form. 
B)  The transport of auxin in a plant is polar from apex to base. 
C)  Auxin anion transporters that mediate the transport of auxin out of cells are located mainly in the basal end of cells. 
D)  The plasma membrane proton pump helps to drive auxin transport. 
E)  Reagents that make membranes permeable to H+ would inhibit auxin transport.

Question 16

Gravitropism would not be observed in a plant grown in a weightless environment because gravitropism is a phenomenon by which a plant part grows

Accepted Answer

A)  independent of gravitational pull. 
B)  in a direction determined by gravity. 
C)  in a direction opposite to that of the main light source. 
D)  in a direction opposite to that of the growth of the shoot. 
E)  toward the darkest area. 
A)  independent of gravitational pull. 
B)  in a direction determined by gravity. 
C)  in a direction opposite to that of the main light source. 
D)  in a direction opposite to that of the growth of the shoot. 
E)  toward the darkest area.

Question 17

Which of the following is not among the effects of auxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulation of root initiation 
B)  Inhibition of leaf abscission 
C)  Stimulation of leaf abscission 
D)  Maintenance of apical dominance 
E)  Elongation of certain cells during phototropism 
A)  Stimulation of root initiation 
B)  Inhibition of leaf abscission 
C)  Stimulation of leaf abscission 
D)  Maintenance of apical dominance 
E)  Elongation of certain cells during phototropism

Question 18

Originally called dormin, what group of plant hormones keeps many seeds dormant until it is either washed out of the seed or broken down by enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Auxin 
B)  Ethylene 
C)  Abscisic acid 
D)  Cytokinin 
E)  Brassinosteroid 
A)  Auxin 
B)  Ethylene 
C)  Abscisic acid 
D)  Cytokinin 
E)  Brassinosteroid

Question 19

In order to respond to environmental stimuli, plants employ sequences of biochemical reactions called

Accepted Answer

A)  signal transduction pathways. 
B)  cellular responses. 
C)  regulation. 
D)  cell elongation. 
E)  abscission. 
A)  signal transduction pathways. 
B)  cellular responses. 
C)  regulation. 
D)  cell elongation. 
E)  abscission.

Question 20

Which of the following promote(s) loosening of the plant cell wall for expansion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellulose molecules 
B)  High pH 
C)  Acid-activated expansins 
D)  Water uptake by the vacuole 
E)  Cross-linking polymers 
A)  Cellulose molecules 
B)  High pH 
C)  Acid-activated expansins 
D)  Water uptake by the vacuole 
E)  Cross-linking polymers

Exam 36: Regulation of Plant Growth

To effectively stop the growth of a plant cell, the most useful thing to do is to stop

Seed dormancy affords adaptive advantages.Which requirement for germination would not be an adaptive feature in seeds of a desert annual that grows in warm, disturbed areas and also requires the seeds be deeply buried?

Which of the following was not one of the observations recorded from work on phototropism?

Which statement is not a conclusion that resulted from the Darwins' studies of phototropism?

Which cell-division promoting plant hormone is structurally related to a base common in nucleic acids?

If you observe a plant that has its stems bend toward the light and its roots bend down in response to gravity, you conclude that both responses

The production of fruit without fertilization, aided by auxin or gibberellin, is called

Gibberellin-induced "bolting" of rosette plants like cabbages involves primarily

You place a tank of an unknown gas next to a tree full of green lemons and open the valve on the tank.The fruits ripen, and all of the leaves fall off.The tank most likely contained

Seeds

Cytokinins delay _______, while ethylene promotes it.

Cultivars of sunflowers, which produce one large flower at the very apex of the plant with no branching, show strong _______, mediated by _______.

What is the difference between the cytokinins kinetin and zeatin?

Normal plant development (such as the straightening of the apical hook in a germinating seedling) in the presence of light is called

Which statement about auxin transport is false?

Gravitropism would not be observed in a plant grown in a weightless environment because gravitropism is a phenomenon by which a plant part grows

Which of the following is not among the effects of auxin?

Originally called dormin, what group of plant hormones keeps many seeds dormant until it is either washed out of the seed or broken down by enzymes?

In order to respond to environmental stimuli, plants employ sequences of biochemical reactions called

Which of the following promote(s) loosening of the plant cell wall for expansion?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

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Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

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Cultivars of sunflowers, which produce one large flower at the very apex of the plant with no branching, show strong _, mediated by _.