Question 1

The complex life cycles of parasites provide an evolutionary advantage by

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitating dispersal. 
B)  helping the host overcome parasite defenses. 
C)  allowing the parasite to acquire host DNA. 
D)  overwhelming the host with toxins. 
E)  killing the host before the host can reproduce. 
A)  facilitating dispersal. 
B)  helping the host overcome parasite defenses. 
C)  allowing the parasite to acquire host DNA. 
D)  overwhelming the host with toxins. 
E)  killing the host before the host can reproduce.

Question 2

Which characteristic is not associated with the cnidarians?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alternation between polyp and medusa 
B)  Three distinct embryonic cell layers 
C)  Nematocysts 
D)  Gastrovascular cavity 
E)  Planula larva 
A)  Alternation between polyp and medusa 
B)  Three distinct embryonic cell layers 
C)  Nematocysts 
D)  Gastrovascular cavity 
E)  Planula larva

Question 3

Which structural parts of a sponge are responsible for creating water currents and capturing food?

Accepted Answer

A)  Choanocytes 
B)  Oscula 
C)  Pores 
D)  Spicules 
E)  Extracellular matrix 
A)  Choanocytes 
B)  Oscula 
C)  Pores 
D)  Spicules 
E)  Extracellular matrix

Question 4

Refer to the figure.   In the typical life cycle shown in the figure, identify the diploid and haploid stages, identify the processes occurring in the boxes (mitosis, meiosis, fertilization, or fusion), and label the identified structures.

Accepted Answer

A. Diploid
B. Haploid
C. Medusa ("jellyf

Question 5

A bird that lives in a hole in a tree and eats fruit or seeds as an adult while feeding insects to its young is

Accepted Answer

A)  an omnivore. 
B)  an herbivore. 
C)  a parasite living inside a host. 
D)  a detritivore. 
E)  a predator. 
A)  an omnivore. 
B)  an herbivore. 
C)  a parasite living inside a host. 
D)  a detritivore. 
E)  a predator.

Question 6

What are some advantages to segmentation?

Accepted Answer

Segmentation provides several

Question 7

Animals that undergo radical changes between larval and adult stages are described as undergoing _______.

Accepted Answer

complete m

Question 8

Refer to the figure.
In the figure, identify the following groups: protostomes, deuterostomes, arrow worms, calcareous sponges, chordates, cnidarians, ctenophores, demosponges, ecdysozoans, echinoderms, glass sponges, hemichordates, lophotrochozoans, and placozoans.Additionally, identify these distinguishing traits marked with dots on the phylogenetic tree: bilateral symmetry along an anterior-posterior axis, three embryonic cell layers, centralized nervous system; blasotopore develops into mouth; blastopore develops into anus; choanocytes and spicules; exoskeleton molting; notochord; radial symmetry, silicaceous spicules; unique cell junctions, collagen and proteoglycans in extracellular matrix; nerve nets (listed twice); distinct organ systems.

Accepted Answer

A. Protostomes
B. Deuterostomes
C. Uniqu

Question 9

Sea pens are colonial anthozoans, while _______ are solitary anthozoans.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sea pens are colonial anthozoans, while _______...

Question 10

Which animal type does not have symmetry of body plan?

Accepted Answer

A)  Placozoans 
B)  Chordates 
C)  Earthworms 
D)  Insects 
E)  Cnidarians 
A)  Placozoans 
B)  Chordates 
C)  Earthworms 
D)  Insects 
E)  Cnidarians

Question 11

Which statement about bilaterally symmetrical animals is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can be divided into similar halves by any plane that cuts through the center. 
B)  The dorsal surface is the back, and the ventral surface is the underside. 
C)  Only a plane at right angles to the midline divides them into two similar halves. 
D)  They are equally capable of moving in any direction, with any body part leading. 
E)  The anterior is the tail end, and the posterior is the head end. 
A)  They can be divided into similar halves by any plane that cuts through the center. 
B)  The dorsal surface is the back, and the ventral surface is the underside. 
C)  Only a plane at right angles to the midline divides them into two similar halves. 
D)  They are equally capable of moving in any direction, with any body part leading. 
E)  The anterior is the tail end, and the posterior is the head end.

Question 12

Both fungi and animals are characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  heterotrophy and internal digestion. 
B)  multicellularity and a nervous system. 
C)  internal digestion and movement. 
D)  multicellularity and movement. 
E)  heterotrophy and multicellularity. 
A)  heterotrophy and internal digestion. 
B)  multicellularity and a nervous system. 
C)  internal digestion and movement. 
D)  multicellularity and movement. 
E)  heterotrophy and multicellularity.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about embryonic development is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first cell division of a zygote is known as cleavage. 
B)  In reptiles, a large body of yolk in the fertilized egg creates an incomplete cleavage pattern in which the dividing cells form an embryo on top of the yolk mass. 
C)  The yolk is the nutritive material that nourishes the growing embryo. 
D)  In radial cleavage, the fertilized egg divides in an even pattern due to the even distribution of yolk. 
E)  Spiral cleavage is thought to be the ancestral condition for animals other than the sponges. 
A)  The first cell division of a zygote is known as cleavage. 
B)  In reptiles, a large body of yolk in the fertilized egg creates an incomplete cleavage pattern in which the dividing cells form an embryo on top of the yolk mass. 
C)  The yolk is the nutritive material that nourishes the growing embryo. 
D)  In radial cleavage, the fertilized egg divides in an even pattern due to the even distribution of yolk. 
E)  Spiral cleavage is thought to be the ancestral condition for animals other than the sponges.

Question 14

Which statement concerning colonial animals is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They include the Portuguese man-of-war. 
B)  Individuals in a colony are genetically diverse, and benefit one another. 
C)  They have arisen several times in evolution. 
D)  Different individuals in a colony can be specialized for different functions. 
E)  Members function as a single integrated organism. 
A)  They include the Portuguese man-of-war. 
B)  Individuals in a colony are genetically diverse, and benefit one another. 
C)  They have arisen several times in evolution. 
D)  Different individuals in a colony can be specialized for different functions. 
E)  Members function as a single integrated organism.

Question 15

Refer to the table.   Which species has/have the largest number of unique character states?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tardigrade 
B)  Fruit fly 
C)  Clam 
D)  Sea urchin 
E)  Sea urchin and fruit fly 
A)  Tardigrade 
B)  Fruit fly 
C)  Clam 
D)  Sea urchin 
E)  Sea urchin and fruit fly

Question 16

A trochophore is

Accepted Answer

A)  a spherically symmetrical larval form. 
B)  the larval form of polychaete worms and mollusks. 
C)  the larval form of crustaceans. 
D)  a bilaterally symmetrical larval form. 
E)  a type of coral. 
A)  a spherically symmetrical larval form. 
B)  the larval form of polychaete worms and mollusks. 
C)  the larval form of crustaceans. 
D)  a bilaterally symmetrical larval form. 
E)  a type of coral.

Question 17

Refer to the figure.   The trochophore shown is the larval form of

Accepted Answer

A)  mollusks and crustaceans. 
B)  crustaceans only. 
C)  mollusks only. 
D)  polychaete worms and echinoderms. 
E)  polychaete worms and mollusks. 
A)  mollusks and crustaceans. 
B)  crustaceans only. 
C)  mollusks only. 
D)  polychaete worms and echinoderms. 
E)  polychaete worms and mollusks.

Question 18

The organisms that make up the sister group of all bilaterally symmetrical animals (protostomes and deuterostomes) are the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The organisms that make up the sister...

Question 19

Which of the following includes only deuterostomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lancelet, chicken, and arrow worm 
B)  Human, lizard, echinoderm, and chicken 
C)  Human, velvet worm, lancelet, and moose 
D)  Human, lizard, and sponge 
E)  Human, mollusk, and moose 
A)  Lancelet, chicken, and arrow worm 
B)  Human, lizard, echinoderm, and chicken 
C)  Human, velvet worm, lancelet, and moose 
D)  Human, lizard, and sponge 
E)  Human, mollusk, and moose

Question 20

Herbivory could evolve from a predatory feeding strategy through

Accepted Answer

A)  development of sharp teeth. 
B)  decrease in gut length. 
C)  decrease in cephalization. 
D)  development of camouflage. 
E)  existence of an omnivorous feeding strategy. 
A)  development of sharp teeth. 
B)  decrease in gut length. 
C)  decrease in cephalization. 
D)  development of camouflage. 
E)  existence of an omnivorous feeding strategy.

Exam 30: Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

The complex life cycles of parasites provide an evolutionary advantage by

Which characteristic is not associated with the cnidarians?

Which structural parts of a sponge are responsible for creating water currents and capturing food?

Refer to the figure. In the typical life cycle shown in the figure, identify the diploid and haploid stages, identify the processes occurring in the boxes (mitosis, meiosis, fertilization, or fusion), and label the identified structures.

A bird that lives in a hole in a tree and eats fruit or seeds as an adult while feeding insects to its young is

What are some advantages to segmentation?

Animals that undergo radical changes between larval and adult stages are described as undergoing _______.

Sea pens are colonial anthozoans, while _______ are solitary anthozoans.

Which animal type does not have symmetry of body plan?

Which statement about bilaterally symmetrical animals is true?

Both fungi and animals are characterized by

Which of the following statements about embryonic development is false?

Which statement concerning colonial animals is false?

Refer to the table. Which species has/have the largest number of unique character states?

A trochophore is

Refer to the figure. The trochophore shown is the larval form of

The organisms that make up the sister group of all bilaterally symmetrical animals (protostomes and deuterostomes) are the _______.

Which of the following includes only deuterostomes?

Herbivory could evolve from a predatory feeding strategy through

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