Question 1

The earlier the cell intervenes in the process of protein synthesis, the _______ energy it wastes.Thus, cells will tend to regulate protein synthesis _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; at the earliest possible stage 
B)  more; at all stages 
C)  more; at the latest possible stage 
D)  less; at the earliest possible stage 
E)  less; at the latest possible stage 
A)  more; at the earliest possible stage 
B)  more; at all stages 
C)  more; at the latest possible stage 
D)  less; at the earliest possible stage 
E)  less; at the latest possible stage

Question 2

Which statement about epigenetics is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  One type of epigenetic change occurs via DNA methylation. 
B)  One type of epigenetic change occurs via chromosomal protein alterations. 
C)  Epigenetic changes can lead to gene expression changes. 
D)  Epigenetic changes do not change the DNA sequence. 
E)  DNA methylation can prevent binding of repressor proteins, resulting in increased gene expression. 
A)  One type of epigenetic change occurs via DNA methylation. 
B)  One type of epigenetic change occurs via chromosomal protein alterations. 
C)  Epigenetic changes can lead to gene expression changes. 
D)  Epigenetic changes do not change the DNA sequence. 
E)  DNA methylation can prevent binding of repressor proteins, resulting in increased gene expression.

Question 3

Which mechanism of posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression can produce several different proteins from a single gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  Binding by microRNAs 
B)  Protein degradation 
C)  Protein phosphorylation 
D)  Regulation of translation 
E)  Alternative splicing 
A)  Binding by microRNAs 
B)  Protein degradation 
C)  Protein phosphorylation 
D)  Regulation of translation 
E)  Alternative splicing

Question 4

A virus consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  a protein core and a nucleic acid capsid. 
B)  a cell wall surrounding nucleic acid. 
C)  RNA and DNA enclosed in a membrane. 
D)  a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid, and in some cases, a membrane. 
E)  a nucleic acid core surrounded by a cell membrane. 
A)  a protein core and a nucleic acid capsid. 
B)  a cell wall surrounding nucleic acid. 
C)  RNA and DNA enclosed in a membrane. 
D)  a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid, and in some cases, a membrane. 
E)  a nucleic acid core surrounded by a cell membrane.

Question 5

Which HIV gene product is involved in regulation at the transcription elongation stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tat 
B)  Reverse transcriptase 
C)  Integrase 
D)  Protease 
E)  Capsid proteins 
A)  Tat 
B)  Reverse transcriptase 
C)  Integrase 
D)  Protease 
E)  Capsid proteins

Question 6

TFIID is an example of a(n) _______ transcription factor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of TFIID is an example of a(n) _______...

Question 7

Early genes of a lytic bacteriophage are transcribed by

Accepted Answer

A)  late genes. 
B)  viral RNA polymerase from earlier lytic cycles. 
C)  host DNA polymerase. 
D)  host RNA polymerase. 
E)  reverse transcriptase. 
A)  late genes. 
B)  viral RNA polymerase from earlier lytic cycles. 
C)  host DNA polymerase. 
D)  host RNA polymerase. 
E)  reverse transcriptase.

Question 8

Refer to the figure showing the potential points for the regulation of gene expression.   Which point would not be considered posttranscriptional control?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5 
E)  6 
A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5 
E)  6

Question 9

In the lac operon, the inducer is

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA. 
B)  RNA. 
C)  a protein. 
D)  a fatty acid. 
E)  a sugar. 
A)  DNA. 
B)  RNA. 
C)  a protein. 
D)  a fatty acid. 
E)  a sugar.

Question 10

Refer to the figure showing the initiation of transcription in eukaryotes.   Which represents the regulatory sequence of the DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  TATAT 
B)  ATATA 
C)  TFIID 
D)  BFEH 
E)  TFIID + B 
A)  TATAT 
B)  ATATA 
C)  TFIID 
D)  BFEH 
E)  TFIID + B

Question 11

In comparison with regulation of the production of enzymes, allosteric regulation of enzyme activity is _______ and _______ energetically efficient.

Accepted Answer

A)  faster; more 
B)  faster; about as 
C)  faster; less 
D)  slower; more 
E)  slower; less 
A)  faster; more 
B)  faster; about as 
C)  faster; less 
D)  slower; more 
E)  slower; less

Question 12

In E.coli metabolism, _______ is the preferred energy source because it is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  lactose; more abundant 
B)  lactose; easier to metabolize 
C)  glucose; more abundant 
D)  glucose; less abundant 
E)  glucose; easier to metabolize 
A)  lactose; more abundant 
B)  lactose; easier to metabolize 
C)  glucose; more abundant 
D)  glucose; less abundant 
E)  glucose; easier to metabolize

Question 13

Refer to the figure showing positive and negative regulation.   Which system would be more likely to control the transcription of biosynthetic genes, and why?

Accepted Answer

System A, which could repress

Question 14

A mutation causes an increase in the activity of histone deacetylase.Most likely, histones will have _______ affinity to DNA, and there will be a(n) _______ in transcription.

Accepted Answer

A)  greater; increase 
B)  greater; decrease 
C)  no change in the; increase 
D)  reduced; increase 
E)  reduced; decrease 
A)  greater; increase 
B)  greater; decrease 
C)  no change in the; increase 
D)  reduced; increase 
E)  reduced; decrease

Question 15

Refer to the figure showing phage life cycles.   What types of processes would be controlled and/or encouraged by lysogenic cycle genes?

Accepted Answer

Genes that promote phage lysog

Question 16

Which event would lead to a reduction in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mutation of the DNA-binding domain of an activator, changing its shape 
B)  Mutation of the binding site of a co-repressor molecule within a repressor protein 
C)  Removal of all methylation marks from a region of DNA 
D)  Remodeling of the chromatin environment, resulting in removal of histone octamers from a gene's promoter region 
E)  Mutation of a TATA box to create a tighter binding of RNA polymerase to the DNA 
A)  Mutation of the DNA-binding domain of an activator, changing its shape 
B)  Mutation of the binding site of a co-repressor molecule within a repressor protein 
C)  Removal of all methylation marks from a region of DNA 
D)  Remodeling of the chromatin environment, resulting in removal of histone octamers from a gene's promoter region 
E)  Mutation of a TATA box to create a tighter binding of RNA polymerase to the DNA

Question 17

A protein is found in high concentrations in certain muscle cells in mice but is found in very low concentrations in other cells.In these muscle cells the protein binds certain regulatory sequences, increasing the expression of certain genes.This protein is most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  a sigma factor. 
B)  a general transcription factor. 
C)  a specific transcription factor. 
D)  an enhancer. 
E)  TFIID. 
A)  a sigma factor. 
B)  a general transcription factor. 
C)  a specific transcription factor. 
D)  an enhancer. 
E)  TFIID.

Question 18

Heterochromatin stains _______ than euchromatin and is _______ transcriptionally active.

Accepted Answer

A)  darker; more 
B)  darker; just as 
C)  darker; less 
D)  lighter; more 
E)  lighter; less 
A)  darker; more 
B)  darker; just as 
C)  darker; less 
D)  lighter; more 
E)  lighter; less

Question 19

What binds to stress response elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  RNA 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Carbohydrates 
E)  Lipids 
A)  DNA 
B)  RNA 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Carbohydrates 
E)  Lipids

Question 20

The repressor protein in the lac operon binds to

Accepted Answer

A)  lactose (or allolactose) only. 
B)  lactose (or allolactose) and the promoter. 
C)  lactose (or allolactose) and the operator. 
D)  the operator only. 
E)  the operator and the promoter. 
A)  lactose (or allolactose) only. 
B)  lactose (or allolactose) and the promoter. 
C)  lactose (or allolactose) and the operator. 
D)  the operator only. 
E)  the operator and the promoter.

Exam 16: Regulation of Gene Expression

The earlier the cell intervenes in the process of protein synthesis, the _______ energy it wastes.Thus, cells will tend to regulate protein synthesis _______.

Which statement about epigenetics is false?

Which mechanism of posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression can produce several different proteins from a single gene?

A virus consists of

Which HIV gene product is involved in regulation at the transcription elongation stage?

TFIID is an example of a(n) _______ transcription factor.

Early genes of a lytic bacteriophage are transcribed by

Refer to the figure showing the potential points for the regulation of gene expression. Which point would not be considered posttranscriptional control?

In the lac operon, the inducer is

Refer to the figure showing the initiation of transcription in eukaryotes. Which represents the regulatory sequence of the DNA?

In comparison with regulation of the production of enzymes, allosteric regulation of enzyme activity is _______ and _______ energetically efficient.

In E.coli metabolism, _______ is the preferred energy source because it is _______.

Refer to the figure showing positive and negative regulation. Which system would be more likely to control the transcription of biosynthetic genes, and why?

A mutation causes an increase in the activity of histone deacetylase.Most likely, histones will have _______ affinity to DNA, and there will be a(n) _______ in transcription.

Refer to the figure showing phage life cycles. What types of processes would be controlled and/or encouraged by lysogenic cycle genes?

Which event would lead to a reduction in gene expression?

A protein is found in high concentrations in certain muscle cells in mice but is found in very low concentrations in other cells.In these muscle cells the protein binds certain regulatory sequences, increasing the expression of certain genes.This protein is most likely

Heterochromatin stains _______ than euchromatin and is _______ transcriptionally active.

What binds to stress response elements?

The repressor protein in the lac operon binds to

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

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Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

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Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

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From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

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The earlier the cell intervenes in the process of protein synthesis, the _ energy it wastes.Thus, cells will tend to regulate protein synthesis _.

In comparison with regulation of the production of enzymes, allosteric regulation of enzyme activity is _ and _ energetically efficient.

In E.coli metabolism, _ is the preferred energy source because it is _.

A mutation causes an increase in the activity of histone deacetylase.Most likely, histones will have _ affinity to DNA, and there will be a(n) _ in transcription.

Heterochromatin stains _ than euchromatin and is _ transcriptionally active.