Question 1

The drought stress response in plants is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  regulation by a transcription factor. 
B)  coordinated gene expression. 
C)  a way to increase water intake. 
D)  a way to stop gene expression. 
E)  genome alteration in the presence of stressors. 
A)  regulation by a transcription factor. 
B)  coordinated gene expression. 
C)  a way to increase water intake. 
D)  a way to stop gene expression. 
E)  genome alteration in the presence of stressors.

Question 2

The trp operon

Accepted Answer

A)  codes for proteins needed for tryptophan synthesis. 
B)  codes for proteins needed to metabolize tryptophan. 
C)  is activated by the presence of tryptophan. 
D)  is inducible by tryptophan. 
E)  is inducible by lactose (or allolactose). 
A)  codes for proteins needed for tryptophan synthesis. 
B)  codes for proteins needed to metabolize tryptophan. 
C)  is activated by the presence of tryptophan. 
D)  is inducible by tryptophan. 
E)  is inducible by lactose (or allolactose).

Question 3

Heavily methylated genes tend to be (active/inactive) _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Heavily methylated genes tend to be (active/inactive)...

Question 4

The addition of acetyl groups makes histones _______ positively charged, and thus _______ their affinity for DNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; increases 
B)  more; decreases 
C)  less; increases 
D)  less; has no effect on 
E)  less; decreases 
A)  more; increases 
B)  more; decreases 
C)  less; increases 
D)  less; has no effect on 
E)  less; decreases

Question 5

What is a general overall similarity in the actions of miRNA and siRNA, and what is a general difference?

Accepted Answer

They both inhibit mRNA transla

Question 6

Stress response elements in certain plant genes

Accepted Answer

A)  allow for differentiation during embryonic development. 
B)  enable coordinated regulation of the expression of several genes. 
C)  act like general transcription factors. 
D)  are controlled by sigma factors. 
E)  can function only if the genes are physically close together on the same chromosome. 
A)  allow for differentiation during embryonic development. 
B)  enable coordinated regulation of the expression of several genes. 
C)  act like general transcription factors. 
D)  are controlled by sigma factors. 
E)  can function only if the genes are physically close together on the same chromosome.

Question 7

Cro is a phage protein that represses transcription of cI but promotes expression of genes that encourage the lytic cycle.cI protein represses Cro transcription but promotes expression of genes that encourage lysogeny.A mutation in Cro decreases its expression.This mutation would make entering lysogeny _______ likely.A mutation that decreases the expression of cI would have _______ effect on the likelihood of the virus entering lysogeny.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; a similar 
B)  more; no 
C)  more; the opposite 
D)  less; a similar 
E)  less; the opposite 
A)  more; a similar 
B)  more; no 
C)  more; the opposite 
D)  less; a similar 
E)  less; the opposite

Question 8

Which would most likely be a gene under constitutive expression control?

Accepted Answer

A)  A gene that encodes for a membrane transporter critical for uptake of a novel metabolite in the environment 
B)  A gene that encodes for a protein critical for metabolizing an environmental toxin 
C)  A gene that encodes for a protein that is produced in response to oxidative stress 
D)  A gene whose promoter is bound tightly by a transcriptional repressor 
E)  A gene that encodes for a portion of the ribosome 
A)  A gene that encodes for a membrane transporter critical for uptake of a novel metabolite in the environment 
B)  A gene that encodes for a protein critical for metabolizing an environmental toxin 
C)  A gene that encodes for a protein that is produced in response to oxidative stress 
D)  A gene whose promoter is bound tightly by a transcriptional repressor 
E)  A gene that encodes for a portion of the ribosome

Question 9

A mutation in an enhancer for a specific gene causes it to be much less able to be bound by proteins.Which scenario is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  There will be a large increase in transcription rates for most genes. 
B)  There will be a large decrease in transcription rates for most genes. 
C)  This particular gene will be transcribed all the time, even when not needed. 
D)  The rate of transcription of this particular gene will be reduced, even when it is needed most. 
E)  Transcription will be terminated prematurely. 
A)  There will be a large increase in transcription rates for most genes. 
B)  There will be a large decrease in transcription rates for most genes. 
C)  This particular gene will be transcribed all the time, even when not needed. 
D)  The rate of transcription of this particular gene will be reduced, even when it is needed most. 
E)  Transcription will be terminated prematurely.

Question 10

Refer to the figure showing the potential points for the regulation of gene expression.   Which point would be considered posttranslational control?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  6 
E)  7 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  6 
E)  7

Question 11

If a mutation caused a decrease in the activity of histone deacetylase, most likely histones would have a _______ affinity for DNA, and there would be _______ in rates of transcription.

Accepted Answer

A)  greater; an increase 
B)  greater; a decrease 
C)  reduced; an increase 
D)  reduced; no change 
E)  reduced; a decrease 
A)  greater; an increase 
B)  greater; a decrease 
C)  reduced; an increase 
D)  reduced; no change 
E)  reduced; a decrease

Question 12

A mutation causes an increase in the production of DNA demethylase.The expected effect would be _______ in the amount of overall methylation and a consequential _______ in overall gene expression.

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase; increase 
B)  an increase; decrease 
C)  no change; increase 
D)  a decrease; increase 
E)  a decrease; decrease 
A)  an increase; increase 
B)  an increase; decrease 
C)  no change; increase 
D)  a decrease; increase 
E)  a decrease; decrease

Question 13

The influenza virus

Accepted Answer

A)  produces reverse transcriptase. 
B)  is a single-stranded DNA virus. 
C)  is a double-stranded DNA virus. 
D)  uses host machinery to transcribe its RNA into proteins. 
E)  uses host machinery to reverse-transcribe RNA into DNA. 
A)  produces reverse transcriptase. 
B)  is a single-stranded DNA virus. 
C)  is a double-stranded DNA virus. 
D)  uses host machinery to transcribe its RNA into proteins. 
E)  uses host machinery to reverse-transcribe RNA into DNA.

Question 14

A mutant strain of bacteria cannot utilize lactose even if it is incubated in a high concentration of the sugar, but it can metabolize lactose if the sugar is injected into its cells.Most likely, this strain of bacteria is defective in the _______ gene.

Accepted Answer

F1F1F1S1F

Question 15

Barr bodies are indicative of

Accepted Answer

A)  X inactivation. 
B)  genomic imprinting. 
C)  alternative splicing. 
D)  excessive levels of histone acetyltransferase. 
E)  the regulation of gene expression by degeneration of proteins. 
A)  X inactivation. 
B)  genomic imprinting. 
C)  alternative splicing. 
D)  excessive levels of histone acetyltransferase. 
E)  the regulation of gene expression by degeneration of proteins.

Question 16

Refer to the figure showing the initiation of transcription in eukaryotes.   Which transcription factor(s) bind(s) directly to DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  B 
B)  F 
C)  E and H 
D)  TFIID 
E)  B and H 
A)  B 
B)  F 
C)  E and H 
D)  TFIID 
E)  B and H

Question 17

Changes in the expression of a gene or set of genes that occur without changes to the DNA sequence are referred to as _______ changes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Changes in the expression of a gene...

Question 18

Scientists performed a series of experiments that were successful in converting skin cells into neurons, with the goal of generating neurons for cellular therapies.This work would be an application of the basic principle that

Accepted Answer

A)  differentiation can arise by different cells having different promoters. 
B)  differentiation can arise by different cells having different transcription factors. 
C)  differentiation can arise by different cells having different enhancer elements. 
D)  there is no difference in gene expression between different cell types. 
E)  there is no way to predict or control cellular fate. 
A)  differentiation can arise by different cells having different promoters. 
B)  differentiation can arise by different cells having different transcription factors. 
C)  differentiation can arise by different cells having different enhancer elements. 
D)  there is no difference in gene expression between different cell types. 
E)  there is no way to predict or control cellular fate.

Question 19

One of the genes that is known to be transcribed from the inactive X chromosome is

Accepted Answer

A)  Xist. 
B)  ZIST. 
C)  the gene that encodes inactivation controller protein. 
D)  the gene that encodes DNA methyltransferase. 
E)  methyl-X. 
A)  Xist. 
B)  ZIST. 
C)  the gene that encodes inactivation controller protein. 
D)  the gene that encodes DNA methyltransferase. 
E)  methyl-X.

Question 20

Suppose you are engineering gene Y such that when it is inserted into a eukaryotic chromosome, it will be expressed continuously.Which specific sequences must be part of this gene so that it will be expressed?

Accepted Answer

You will need a promoter that binds tran

Exam 16: Regulation of Gene Expression

The drought stress response in plants is an example of

The trp operon

Heavily methylated genes tend to be (active/inactive) _______.

The addition of acetyl groups makes histones _______ positively charged, and thus _______ their affinity for DNA.

What is a general overall similarity in the actions of miRNA and siRNA, and what is a general difference?

Stress response elements in certain plant genes

Which would most likely be a gene under constitutive expression control?

A mutation in an enhancer for a specific gene causes it to be much less able to be bound by proteins.Which scenario is most likely to occur?

Refer to the figure showing the potential points for the regulation of gene expression. Which point would be considered posttranslational control?

If a mutation caused a decrease in the activity of histone deacetylase, most likely histones would have a _______ affinity for DNA, and there would be _______ in rates of transcription.

A mutation causes an increase in the production of DNA demethylase.The expected effect would be _______ in the amount of overall methylation and a consequential _______ in overall gene expression.

The influenza virus

A mutant strain of bacteria cannot utilize lactose even if it is incubated in a high concentration of the sugar, but it can metabolize lactose if the sugar is injected into its cells.Most likely, this strain of bacteria is defective in the _______ gene.

Barr bodies are indicative of

Refer to the figure showing the initiation of transcription in eukaryotes. Which transcription factor(s) bind(s) directly to DNA?

Changes in the expression of a gene or set of genes that occur without changes to the DNA sequence are referred to as _______ changes.

Scientists performed a series of experiments that were successful in converting skin cells into neurons, with the goal of generating neurons for cellular therapies.This work would be an application of the basic principle that

One of the genes that is known to be transcribed from the inactive X chromosome is

Suppose you are engineering gene Y such that when it is inserted into a eukaryotic chromosome, it will be expressed continuously.Which specific sequences must be part of this gene so that it will be expressed?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

The addition of acetyl groups makes histones _ positively charged, and thus _ their affinity for DNA.

If a mutation caused a decrease in the activity of histone deacetylase, most likely histones would have a _ affinity for DNA, and there would be _ in rates of transcription.

A mutation causes an increase in the production of DNA demethylase.The expected effect would be _ in the amount of overall methylation and a consequential _ in overall gene expression.