Question 1

In its role in protein regulation, ubiquitin is most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  alternative splicing. 
B)  proteasomes. 
C)  siRNAs. 
D)  miRNAs. 
E)  Xist. 
A)  alternative splicing. 
B)  proteasomes. 
C)  siRNAs. 
D)  miRNAs. 
E)  Xist.

Question 2

If you wanted to build a complex organism with differentiated cells, which type of molecule would not help achieve that goal?

Accepted Answer

A)  General transcription factors 
B)  Varied RNA polymerases 
C)  Nuclear envelopes 
D)  Operons 
E)  Specific transcription factors 
A)  General transcription factors 
B)  Varied RNA polymerases 
C)  Nuclear envelopes 
D)  Operons 
E)  Specific transcription factors

Question 3

Methylation most often occurs to _______ that are next to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  adenines; cytosines 
B)  adenines; guanines 
C)  cytosines; adenines 
D)  cytosines; guanines 
E)  guanines; adenines 
A)  adenines; cytosines 
B)  adenines; guanines 
C)  cytosines; adenines 
D)  cytosines; guanines 
E)  guanines; adenines

Question 4

If HIV is mutated such that its tat protein is less able to bind to mRNA, the most likely result will be

Accepted Answer

A)  more initiation of transcription. 
B)  less initiation of transcription. 
C)  the termination of more partial transcripts, and thus the making of fewer complete transcripts. 
D)  the termination of fewer partial transcripts, and thus the making of more complete transcripts. 
E)  a reduction in the stability of complete transcripts. 
A)  more initiation of transcription. 
B)  less initiation of transcription. 
C)  the termination of more partial transcripts, and thus the making of fewer complete transcripts. 
D)  the termination of fewer partial transcripts, and thus the making of more complete transcripts. 
E)  a reduction in the stability of complete transcripts.

Question 5

A certain operon has structural genes that encode enzymes involved in the synthesis of a glycopeptide.This system is likely to be _______, and _______ will most likely bind to the operator.

Accepted Answer

A)  inducible; the glycopeptide 
B)  inducible; one or more molecules used in the production of the glycopeptide 
C)  repressible; the glycopeptide 
D)  repressible; one or more molecules used in the production of the glycopeptide 
E)  repressible; no molecules 
A)  inducible; the glycopeptide 
B)  inducible; one or more molecules used in the production of the glycopeptide 
C)  repressible; the glycopeptide 
D)  repressible; one or more molecules used in the production of the glycopeptide 
E)  repressible; no molecules

Question 6

DNA methyltransferase

Accepted Answer

A)  adds methyl groups to DNA. 
B)  adds methyl groups to DNA but only during DNA replication. 
C)  adds methyl groups to DNA but only during reverse transcription. 
D)  removes methyl groups from DNA. 
E)  keeps track of where methyl groups have been added. 
A)  adds methyl groups to DNA. 
B)  adds methyl groups to DNA but only during DNA replication. 
C)  adds methyl groups to DNA but only during reverse transcription. 
D)  removes methyl groups from DNA. 
E)  keeps track of where methyl groups have been added.

Question 7

Specific transcription factors would be able to recognize sequences in _______ gene promoter regions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Specific transcription factors would be able to...

Question 8

Gene regulation by tat in HIV occurs at the level of

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription initiation. 
B)  transcription elongation. 
C)  mRNA stability. 
D)  translation initiation. 
E)  translation elongation. 
A)  transcription initiation. 
B)  transcription elongation. 
C)  mRNA stability. 
D)  translation initiation. 
E)  translation elongation.

Question 9

Refer to the figure showing an experiment on female honey bees.   Which conclusion can be drawn from this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreasing DNA methylation causes larvae destined to become worker bees to instead become queens. 
B)  Increasing DNA methylation causes larvae destined to become worker bees to instead become queens. 
C)  Decreasing DNA methylation causes larvae destined to become queens to instead become worker bees. 
D)  Increasing DNA methylation causes larvae destined to become queens to instead become worker bees. 
E)  More data are needed before conclusions can be drawn. 
A)  Decreasing DNA methylation causes larvae destined to become worker bees to instead become queens. 
B)  Increasing DNA methylation causes larvae destined to become worker bees to instead become queens. 
C)  Decreasing DNA methylation causes larvae destined to become queens to instead become worker bees. 
D)  Increasing DNA methylation causes larvae destined to become queens to instead become worker bees. 
E)  More data are needed before conclusions can be drawn.

Question 10

The Barr body indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  X chromosome inactivation. 
B)  cell death. 
C)  genomic imprinting. 
D)  posttranslational control of eukaryotic gene expression. 
E)  stress response. 
A)  X chromosome inactivation. 
B)  cell death. 
C)  genomic imprinting. 
D)  posttranslational control of eukaryotic gene expression. 
E)  stress response.

Question 11

A mutagenesis screen uncovers two discrete mutations, each for a single gene of a given operon that contains the genes that control a biosynthetic pathway.Which phenomenon would likely be observed in an organism that carries both of these mutations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Partial linkage 
B)  Complete linkage 
C)  Epistasis 
D)  Recessive lethality 
E)  Complete dominance/recessiveness 
A)  Partial linkage 
B)  Complete linkage 
C)  Epistasis 
D)  Recessive lethality 
E)  Complete dominance/recessiveness

Question 12

The number of Barr bodies in a mammalian cell will be

Accepted Answer

A)  equal to the number of X chromosomes in the same cell. 
B)  one more than the number of X chromosomes in the same cell. 
C)  one fewer than the number of X chromosomes in the same cell. 
D)  one more than the number of X chromosomes in the same cell in a male, but one fewer than the number of X chromosomes in the same cell in a female. 
E)  one fewer than the number of X chromosomes in the same cell in a male, but one more than the number of X chromosomes in the same cell in a female. 
A)  equal to the number of X chromosomes in the same cell. 
B)  one more than the number of X chromosomes in the same cell. 
C)  one fewer than the number of X chromosomes in the same cell. 
D)  one more than the number of X chromosomes in the same cell in a male, but one fewer than the number of X chromosomes in the same cell in a female. 
E)  one fewer than the number of X chromosomes in the same cell in a male, but one more than the number of X chromosomes in the same cell in a female.

Question 13

Sigma factors bind to

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  RNA. 
D)  lipids. 
E)  carbohydrates. 
A)  proteins. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  RNA. 
D)  lipids. 
E)  carbohydrates.

Question 14

A small RNA product that would be useful for defense against invading viruses is a(n) _______, since it results in the degradation of mRNA transcripts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A small RNA product that would be...

Question 15

In a bacteriophage undergoing a lytic phase, the early gene products _______ the host genes and _______ the late genes.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate; stimulate 
B)  stimulate; have no effect on 
C)  stimulate; inhibit 
D)  inhibit; stimulate 
E)  inhibit; inhibit 
A)  stimulate; stimulate 
B)  stimulate; have no effect on 
C)  stimulate; inhibit 
D)  inhibit; stimulate 
E)  inhibit; inhibit

Question 16

With a small number of genes, a cell can use _______ to achieve a large variety of protein products.

Accepted Answer

alternativ

Question 17

HIV, which causes AIDS, is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteriophage. 
B)  double-stranded DNA virus. 
C)  single-stranded DNA virus. 
D)  a type of herpes virus. 
E)  retrovirus. 
A)  bacteriophage. 
B)  double-stranded DNA virus. 
C)  single-stranded DNA virus. 
D)  a type of herpes virus. 
E)  retrovirus.

Question 18

Proteins that are produced all the time at a constant rate are _______ proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)  inducible 
B)  repressible 
C)  regulatory 
D)  constitutive 
E)  metabolic 
A)  inducible 
B)  repressible 
C)  regulatory 
D)  constitutive 
E)  metabolic

Question 19

Which statement about histone modifications is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They cause some genes to be transcriptionally activated. 
B)  They can result in the repression of gene transcription. 
C)  They can be inherited from parental cells in a Mendelian fashion. 
D)  They are the initial step in Barr body formation. 
E)  They are due to acetylation, phosphorylation, or methylation. 
A)  They cause some genes to be transcriptionally activated. 
B)  They can result in the repression of gene transcription. 
C)  They can be inherited from parental cells in a Mendelian fashion. 
D)  They are the initial step in Barr body formation. 
E)  They are due to acetylation, phosphorylation, or methylation.

Question 20

The TATA box in eukaryotes is most similar to _______ in prokaryotes.

Accepted Answer

A)  sigma factors 
B)  the entire promoter 
C)  a consensus sequence in the promoter 
D)  an operator 
E)  an inducer 
A)  sigma factors 
B)  the entire promoter 
C)  a consensus sequence in the promoter 
D)  an operator 
E)  an inducer

Exam 16: Regulation of Gene Expression

In its role in protein regulation, ubiquitin is most closely associated with

If you wanted to build a complex organism with differentiated cells, which type of molecule would not help achieve that goal?

Methylation most often occurs to _______ that are next to _______.

If HIV is mutated such that its tat protein is less able to bind to mRNA, the most likely result will be

A certain operon has structural genes that encode enzymes involved in the synthesis of a glycopeptide.This system is likely to be _______, and _______ will most likely bind to the operator.

DNA methyltransferase

Specific transcription factors would be able to recognize sequences in _______ gene promoter regions.

Gene regulation by tat in HIV occurs at the level of

Refer to the figure showing an experiment on female honey bees. Which conclusion can be drawn from this experiment?

The Barr body indicates

A mutagenesis screen uncovers two discrete mutations, each for a single gene of a given operon that contains the genes that control a biosynthetic pathway.Which phenomenon would likely be observed in an organism that carries both of these mutations?

The number of Barr bodies in a mammalian cell will be

Sigma factors bind to

A small RNA product that would be useful for defense against invading viruses is a(n) _______, since it results in the degradation of mRNA transcripts.

In a bacteriophage undergoing a lytic phase, the early gene products _______ the host genes and _______ the late genes.

With a small number of genes, a cell can use _______ to achieve a large variety of protein products.

HIV, which causes AIDS, is a(n)

Proteins that are produced all the time at a constant rate are _______ proteins.

Which statement about histone modifications is false?

The TATA box in eukaryotes is most similar to _______ in prokaryotes.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

Methylation most often occurs to _ that are next to _.

A certain operon has structural genes that encode enzymes involved in the synthesis of a glycopeptide.This system is likely to be _, and _ will most likely bind to the operator.

In a bacteriophage undergoing a lytic phase, the early gene products _ the host genes and _ the late genes.