Exam 16: Regulation of Gene Expression

Suppose you are engineering a new plant in which gene Y will be activated under drought conditions.What kinds of DNA sequences need to be present to ensure activation of the gene under these conditions?

Epigenetics involves changes in the expression of a gene or set of genes by _______ and/or _______.

A stress response element is _______.When bound, it tends to _______ transcription.

Which process(es) involve(s) interference RNA?

An mRNA sequence for a gene of interest is extracted from a eukaryotic cell.The length of sequence between the start and stop codons is much shorter than that found in the genomic sequence of the gene.Which is the best explanation for this difference?

Eukaryotes, especially multicellular ones, are more complex organisms than are prokaryotes.In order to achieve this complexity, they require the binding of many _______ to a promoter sequence.

The removal of acetyl groups makes histones _______ positively charged and thus _______ their affinity for DNA.

Which statement is false?

The helix-turn-helix motif is found in

Refer to the figure showing phage life cycles. What types of processes would be controlled and/or encouraged by lytic cycle genes?

In comparison with allosteric regulation of enzyme activity, regulation of the production of enzymes is _______ and _______ efficient.

The region of the gene that binds RNA polymerase is the _______.

In a hypothetical bacterial operon, genes A, C, and D are expressed when "substance r" is present but not when it is absent.Mutations in gene A cause protein 1 not to be produced, but they only affect production of protein 1.Mutations in gene C cause protein 2 not to be produced.Mutations in gene D cause protein 3 not to be produced.Gene B, which has been shown to be near the other genes, does not code for a protein.Mutations in gene B cause genes A, C, and D to be expressed all the time regardless of the presence or absence of substance r.Gene E produces protein 4.Mutations in gene E (which is not near A, B, C, or D) cause genes A, C, and D to be expressed all the time regardless of the presence or absence of substance r.Draw the operon, labeling all of the genes involved and all of the proteins.Include what happens when substance r is present and when it is not.

Catabolite repression would least likely be found in a metabolic network

In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase by itself cannot bind to the chromosome and initiate transcription.It can bind and act only after regulatory proteins called _______ factors have been assembled on the chromosome.

If a loss-of-function mutation occurs in one of the early genes in a lytic bacteriophage, which change is most likely to occur?

In the initiation of the transcription of structural genes in eukaryotes, _______ cannot bind directly to _______.Initiation requires _______ and other regulatory proteins called _______.

In bacterial cells, the concentration of cAMP is _______ correlated with the sugar _______.

If a mutation in the gene that encodes CRP makes it unable to bind to cAMP, which outcome is most likely?

A certain enzyme is synthesized whenever the solution in which some cells are growing lacks substance X.This phenomenon is most likely an example of a(n) _______ system.