Question 1

Which of the following statements describes a potential drawback for using molecular clocks to measure evolutionary time?

Accepted Answer

A)  different genes evolve at different rates 
B)  all mutations of DNA have a functional effect 
C)  paralogous genes evolve disproportionately with time 
D)  many genes are acted upon by natural selection 
A)  different genes evolve at different rates 
B)  all mutations of DNA have a functional effect 
C)  paralogous genes evolve disproportionately with time 
D)  many genes are acted upon by natural selection

Question 2

The lakes of northern Minnesota are home to many similar species of damselflies of the genus Enallagma. These species have apparently undergone speciation from ancestral stock since the last glacial retreat about 10 thousand years ago. Sequencing which of the following nucleic acids or proteins would probably be most useful in sorting out evolutionary relationships among these closely related species?

Accepted Answer

A)  conserved regions of nuclear DNA 
B)  mitochondrial DNA 
C)  amino acids in proteins 
D)  ribosomal RNA 
A)  conserved regions of nuclear DNA 
B)  mitochondrial DNA 
C)  amino acids in proteins 
D)  ribosomal RNA

Question 3

The following question refers to this phylogenetic tree, depicting the origins of life and the three domains. Connecting lines indicate instances of gene or genome transfer and time is indicated from left to right.   A possible phylogenetic tree for the three domains of life.
Which domains have exhibited endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya 
B)  Archaea and Bacteria only 
C)  Archaea and Eukarya only 
D)  Bacteria and Eukarya only 
A)  Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya 
B)  Archaea and Bacteria only 
C)  Archaea and Eukarya only 
D)  Bacteria and Eukarya only

Question 4

Which of the following statements describes a difference between the taxonomic levels of the hierarchical classification system?

Accepted Answer

A)  how widely the organisms assigned to each are distributed throughout the environment 
B)  their inclusiveness 
C)  the relative genome sizes of the organisms assigned to each 
D)  morphological characters that are applicable to all organisms 
A)  how widely the organisms assigned to each are distributed throughout the environment 
B)  their inclusiveness 
C)  the relative genome sizes of the organisms assigned to each 
D)  morphological characters that are applicable to all organisms

Question 5

Which of the following pairs is the best example of homologous structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  eyelessness in the Australian mole and eyelessness in the North American mole 
B)  wings on an owl and wings on a hornet 
C)  the shape of the dorsal fin in dolphins and the shape of the dorsal fin in sharks 
D)  bones in the bat wing and bones in the human forelimb 
A)  eyelessness in the Australian mole and eyelessness in the North American mole 
B)  wings on an owl and wings on a hornet 
C)  the shape of the dorsal fin in dolphins and the shape of the dorsal fin in sharks 
D)  bones in the bat wing and bones in the human forelimb

Question 6

The question refers to the table, which compares the percent sequence homology of four different parts of a gene (two introns and two exons) that is found in five different eukaryotic species. The data show the percentage of sequence homology of each intron and exon in comparison to the sequences in species A.
Percentage of Sequence Homology
 
Regarding these sequence homology data, how would the principle of maximum parsimony be applicable in comparing them?

Accepted Answer

A)  distinguishing introns from exons 
B)  determining degree of sequence homology 
C)  selecting appropriate genes for comparison among species 
D)  inferring evolutionary relatedness from the number of sequence differences 
A)  distinguishing introns from exons 
B)  determining degree of sequence homology 
C)  selecting appropriate genes for comparison among species 
D)  inferring evolutionary relatedness from the number of sequence differences

Exam 22: Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Which of the following statements describes a potential drawback for using molecular clocks to measure evolutionary time?

Which of the following statements describes a difference between the taxonomic levels of the hierarchical classification system?

Which of the following pairs is the best example of homologous structures?

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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