Question 1

Which of the following is a true statement about asexual reproduction in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asexual clones of plants do not occur naturally. 
B)  Cloning, although achieved in animals, has not been demonstrated in plants. 
C)  Making cuttings of ornamental plants is a form of fragmentation. 
D)  Asexual reproduction is more common than sexual reproduction in flowering plants. 
A)  Asexual clones of plants do not occur naturally. 
B)  Cloning, although achieved in animals, has not been demonstrated in plants. 
C)  Making cuttings of ornamental plants is a form of fragmentation. 
D)  Asexual reproduction is more common than sexual reproduction in flowering plants. C

Question 2

If pollen from a plant with the S1S2 genotype is recognized and allowed to germinate on the stigma of the same plant with the S1S2 genotype, the plant is mostly likely ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-compatible and can self-pollinate 
B)  self-compatible and must cross-pollinate 
C)  self-incompatible and can self-pollinate 
D)  self-incompatible and must cross-pollinate 
A)  self-compatible and can self-pollinate 
B)  self-compatible and must cross-pollinate 
C)  self-incompatible and can self-pollinate 
D)  self-incompatible and must cross-pollinate A

Question 3

The following question is based on information from M. C. Cavalcante et al., Pollination requirements and the foraging behavior of potential pollinators of cultivated Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) trees in central Amazon rainforest, Psyche 2012, article ID 978019, 9 pages (2012).
Https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/978019.
A study was done to test the hypothesis that Brazil nut flowers are self-incompatible. Which set of experiments from the table below suggests that there is genetic variation between flowers on the same tree?

Accepted Answer

A)  pollination exclusion and hand self-pollinated (same flower) 
B)  open pollinated and hand cross-pollinated 
C)  open pollinated and hand self-pollinated (same tree) 
D)  hand self-pollinated (same flower) and hand self-pollinated (same tree) 
A)  pollination exclusion and hand self-pollinated (same flower) 
B)  open pollinated and hand cross-pollinated 
C)  open pollinated and hand self-pollinated (same tree) 
D)  hand self-pollinated (same flower) and hand self-pollinated (same tree) D

Question 4

Which of the following is a potential advantage of introducing apomixis into hybrid crop species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cultivars would be better able to cope with a rapidly changing environment. 
B)  They would have a larger potential genome than inbred crops. 
C)  All of the desirable traits of the cultivar would be passed on to offspring. 
D)  They would benefit from positive mutations in their DNA. 
A)  Cultivars would be better able to cope with a rapidly changing environment. 
B)  They would have a larger potential genome than inbred crops. 
C)  All of the desirable traits of the cultivar would be passed on to offspring. 
D)  They would benefit from positive mutations in their DNA.

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding flowering plants is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The gametophyte is the dominant generation. 
B)  Female gametophytes develop from megaspores within the anthers. 
C)  Pollination is the delivery of pollen to the stigma of a carpel. 
D)  The food-storing endosperm is derived from the cell that contains one polar nucleus and two sperm nuclei. 
A)  The gametophyte is the dominant generation. 
B)  Female gametophytes develop from megaspores within the anthers. 
C)  Pollination is the delivery of pollen to the stigma of a carpel. 
D)  The food-storing endosperm is derived from the cell that contains one polar nucleus and two sperm nuclei.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes how sperm cells are formed in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis occurs in pollen grains 
B)  meiosis occurs in anthers 
C)  mitosis occurs in male gametophyte 
D)  mitosis occurs in the micropyle 
A)  meiosis occurs in pollen grains 
B)  meiosis occurs in anthers 
C)  mitosis occurs in male gametophyte 
D)  mitosis occurs in the micropyle

Question 7

Which of these human activities is not part of the development of crop plants from wild relatives?

Accepted Answer

A)  observing variation in the characteristics of plants 
B)  selecting seeds from the most desirable plants to plant the next year 
C)  eating products from only the plants with desired characteristics 
D)  hybridization between different, but related, species 
A)  observing variation in the characteristics of plants 
B)  selecting seeds from the most desirable plants to plant the next year 
C)  eating products from only the plants with desired characteristics 
D)  hybridization between different, but related, species

Question 8

Cottonwood, aspen, willow trees are dioecious and have flowers without petals that appear before the leaves are out in the spring. Based on these observations, what is their likely pollination strategy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each species has its own specific insect pollinator. 
B)  Early emerging insects cross pollinate these species. 
C)  Their pollen is randomly dispersed by wind. 
D)  These species are self-pollinating. 
A)  Each species has its own specific insect pollinator. 
B)  Early emerging insects cross pollinate these species. 
C)  Their pollen is randomly dispersed by wind. 
D)  These species are self-pollinating.

Question 9

Resistance to the herbicide Roundup™ is one of the earliest, and most common, traits engineered into crop plants. Which of the following best explains how many common weeds are becoming Roundup™ resistant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extensive use of Roundup™ is driving natural selection for resistance in weeds. 
B)  Roundup™ resistance is spreading from genetically modified crops to weedy species. 
C)  Male sterility in not effective in genetically modified plants that can pollinate weed species. 
D)  weedy species are less stable than crop plants and develop resistance in response to Roundup™ application. 
A)  Extensive use of Roundup™ is driving natural selection for resistance in weeds. 
B)  Roundup™ resistance is spreading from genetically modified crops to weedy species. 
C)  Male sterility in not effective in genetically modified plants that can pollinate weed species. 
D)  weedy species are less stable than crop plants and develop resistance in response to Roundup™ application.

Question 10

Over human history, which process has been most important in improving the features of plants that have long been used by humans as staple foods?

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic engineering 
B)  artificial selection 
C)  sexual selection 
D)  pesticide and herbicide application 
A)  genetic engineering 
B)  artificial selection 
C)  sexual selection 
D)  pesticide and herbicide application

Question 11

Which of these processes occurs earliest when seed germination begins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cell division occurs in the embryo as dormancy is broken. 
B)  Mitochondria multiply in the endosperm and provide energy for growth processes. 
C)  Water is taken up by cells of the seed coat. 
D)  Oxygen is produced and proteins are synthesized by the endosperm. 
A)  Cell division occurs in the embryo as dormancy is broken. 
B)  Mitochondria multiply in the endosperm and provide energy for growth processes. 
C)  Water is taken up by cells of the seed coat. 
D)  Oxygen is produced and proteins are synthesized by the endosperm.

Question 12

Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed?

Accepted Answer

A)  ovule 
B)  ovary 
C)  stamen 
D)  carpel 
A)  ovule 
B)  ovary 
C)  stamen 
D)  carpel

Question 13

Asexual reproduction can produce offspring more quickly than sexual reproduction; yet most plants reproduce sexually in nature. Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction is more prevalent?

Accepted Answer

A)  it is more energy efficient than asexual reproduction 
B)  it ensures genetic continuity from parents to offspring 
C)  it recombines alleles, contributing to variation in a species 
D)  it does not depend on other agents for pollination 
A)  it is more energy efficient than asexual reproduction 
B)  it ensures genetic continuity from parents to offspring 
C)  it recombines alleles, contributing to variation in a species 
D)  it does not depend on other agents for pollination

Question 14

The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excelsa (2n = 34) produces tough-walled fruits, each containing 8-25 seeds (Brazil nuts). When you eat a Brazil nut, which is composed primarily of endosperm, how many chromosomes are in most of the cells you are eating?

Accepted Answer

A)  17 
B)  34 
C)  51 
D)  both B and C 
A)  17 
B)  34 
C)  51 
D)  both B and C

Question 15

Double fertilization means that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  flowers must be pollinated twice to yield fruits and seeds 
B)  every egg must receive two sperm to produce an embryo 
C)  one sperm is needed to fertilize the egg, and a second sperm is needed to fertilize the polar nuclei 
D)  every sperm has two nuclei 
A)  flowers must be pollinated twice to yield fruits and seeds 
B)  every egg must receive two sperm to produce an embryo 
C)  one sperm is needed to fertilize the egg, and a second sperm is needed to fertilize the polar nuclei 
D)  every sperm has two nuclei

Question 16

Which of the following occurs during the alternation of generations in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis produces gametes 
B)  mitosis produces gametes 
C)  fertilization produces spores 
D)  fertilization produces gametes 
A)  meiosis produces gametes 
B)  mitosis produces gametes 
C)  fertilization produces spores 
D)  fertilization produces gametes

Question 17

In which of the following pairs of structures are the two terms equivalent?

Accepted Answer

A)  ovule-egg 
B)  embryo sac-female gametophyte 
C)  seed-zygote 
D)  microspore-pollen grain 
A)  ovule-egg 
B)  embryo sac-female gametophyte 
C)  seed-zygote 
D)  microspore-pollen grain

Question 18

Some plant species produce male and female individuals in which the males have an XY genotype and the females have an XX genotype. After double fertilization, what would be the genotypes of the embryos and endosperm nuclei?

Accepted Answer

A)  embryo XY/endosperm XXX or embryo XX/endosperm XXY 
B)  embryo XX/endosperm XX or embryo XY/endosperm XY 
C)  embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XYY 
D)  embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XXY 
A)  embryo XY/endosperm XXX or embryo XX/endosperm XXY 
B)  embryo XX/endosperm XX or embryo XY/endosperm XY 
C)  embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XYY 
D)  embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XXY

Question 19

Which of the flowers diagramed below is most likely to be self-compatible?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 20

Bt maize ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is resistant to various herbicides, making it practical to weed maize fields with those herbicides 
B)  contains transgenes that increase vitamin A content 
C)  includes bacterial genes that produce a toxin that reduces damage from insect pests 
D)  is a "boron (
B) -tolerant" transgenic variety of maize 
A)  is resistant to various herbicides, making it practical to weed maize fields with those herbicides 
B)  contains transgenes that increase vitamin A content 
C)  includes bacterial genes that produce a toxin that reduces damage from insect pests 
D)  is a "boron (
B) -tolerant" transgenic variety of maize

Exam 38: Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Which of the following is a true statement about asexual reproduction in plants?

If pollen from a plant with the S1S2 genotype is recognized and allowed to germinate on the stigma of the same plant with the S1S2 genotype, the plant is mostly likely ________.

Which of the following is a potential advantage of introducing apomixis into hybrid crop species?

Which of the following statements regarding flowering plants is correct?

Which of the following best describes how sperm cells are formed in plants?

Which of these human activities is not part of the development of crop plants from wild relatives?

Cottonwood, aspen, willow trees are dioecious and have flowers without petals that appear before the leaves are out in the spring. Based on these observations, what is their likely pollination strategy?

Resistance to the herbicide Roundup™ is one of the earliest, and most common, traits engineered into crop plants. Which of the following best explains how many common weeds are becoming Roundup™ resistant?

Over human history, which process has been most important in improving the features of plants that have long been used by humans as staple foods?

Which of these processes occurs earliest when seed germination begins?

Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed?

Asexual reproduction can produce offspring more quickly than sexual reproduction; yet most plants reproduce sexually in nature. Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction is more prevalent?

The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excelsa (2n = 34) produces tough-walled fruits, each containing 8-25 seeds (Brazil nuts). When you eat a Brazil nut, which is composed primarily of endosperm, how many chromosomes are in most of the cells you are eating?

Double fertilization means that ________.

Which of the following occurs during the alternation of generations in plants?

In which of the following pairs of structures are the two terms equivalent?

Some plant species produce male and female individuals in which the males have an XY genotype and the females have an XX genotype. After double fertilization, what would be the genotypes of the embryos and endosperm nuclei?

Which of the flowers diagramed below is most likely to be self-compatible?

Bt maize ________.

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

Filters