Question 1

The evolution two or more species from one species as a result of different populations becoming reproductively isolated from each other is best described as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive radiation 
B)  creationism 
C)  natural selection 
D)  prototype 
A)  adaptive radiation 
B)  creationism 
C)  natural selection 
D)  prototype A

Question 2

A cell lacking which of the following structures is most likely to be a prokaryote?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nuclear membrane 
B)  Cell membrane 
C)  Cytoplasm 
D)  Nucleic acid 
A)  Nuclear membrane 
B)  Cell membrane 
C)  Cytoplasm 
D)  Nucleic acid A

Question 3

Agrobacterium infects plants and causes them to form tumors. You are asked to determine how long a plant must be exposed to these bacteria to become infected. Which of the following experiments will provide the best data to address that question?

Accepted Answer

A)  Determine the survival rate of Agrobacterium when exposed to different concentrations of an antibiotic. 
B)  Measure the number of tumors formed on a plant when exposed to various concentrations of Agrobacterium. 
C)  Measure the concentration of Agrobacterium in different soil environments where the plants grow. 
D)  Measure the number of tumors formed on plants, which are exposed to Agrobacterium for different lengths of time. 
A)  Determine the survival rate of Agrobacterium when exposed to different concentrations of an antibiotic. 
B)  Measure the number of tumors formed on a plant when exposed to various concentrations of Agrobacterium. 
C)  Measure the concentration of Agrobacterium in different soil environments where the plants grow. 
D)  Measure the number of tumors formed on plants, which are exposed to Agrobacterium for different lengths of time. D

Question 4

In presenting data that result from an experiment, a group of students shows that most of their measurements fall on a straight diagonal line on their graph. However, two of their data points are "outliers" and fall far to one side of the expected relationship. Which of the following is the most reasonable way to handle the outliers when analyzing the data?

Accepted Answer

A)  Do not show these points because clearly something went wrong in the experiment. 
B)  Average several trials, rule out the improbable results, and do not show them in the final work. 
C)  Show all results obtained and then try to explore the reason(s) for the variation in data. 
D)  Change the details of the experiment until they can obtain the expected results. 
A)  Do not show these points because clearly something went wrong in the experiment. 
B)  Average several trials, rule out the improbable results, and do not show them in the final work. 
C)  Show all results obtained and then try to explore the reason(s) for the variation in data. 
D)  Change the details of the experiment until they can obtain the expected results.

Question 5

Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are photosynthetic; therefore, the species is photosynthetic. 
B)  These organisms live in sunny regions. Therefore, they are using photosynthesis. 
C)  If protists are all single-celled, then they are incapable of aggregating. 
D)  If two species are members of the same genus, they are more alike than each of them could be to a different genus. 
A)  Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are photosynthetic; therefore, the species is photosynthetic. 
B)  These organisms live in sunny regions. Therefore, they are using photosynthesis. 
C)  If protists are all single-celled, then they are incapable of aggregating. 
D)  If two species are members of the same genus, they are more alike than each of them could be to a different genus.

Question 6

Systems biology is mainly an attempt to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  analyze genomes from different species 
B)  simplify complex problems by reducing the system into smaller, less complex units 
C)  understand the behavior of entire biological systems by studying interactions among its component parts 
D)  build high-throughput machines to rapidly acquire data 
A)  analyze genomes from different species 
B)  simplify complex problems by reducing the system into smaller, less complex units 
C)  understand the behavior of entire biological systems by studying interactions among its component parts 
D)  build high-throughput machines to rapidly acquire data

Question 7

How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Theories are proposed to test scientific hypotheses. 
B)  Theories are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; hypotheses typically address more specific issues. 
C)  Hypotheses are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; theories typically address more specific issues. 
D)  Confirmed theories become scientific laws; hypotheses become theories. 
A)  Theories are proposed to test scientific hypotheses. 
B)  Theories are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; hypotheses typically address more specific issues. 
C)  Hypotheses are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; theories typically address more specific issues. 
D)  Confirmed theories become scientific laws; hypotheses become theories.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Single cells cannot exist independently. 
B)  Cells are limited in size, which is between 200 to 500 micrometers in diameter. 
C)  Some cells are non-living in nature. 
D)  Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms are made up of cells. 
A)  Single cells cannot exist independently. 
B)  Cells are limited in size, which is between 200 to 500 micrometers in diameter. 
C)  Some cells are non-living in nature. 
D)  Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms are made up of cells.

Question 9

A controlled experiment is one that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  proceeds slowly so a scientist can make careful records 
B)  tests experimental and control groups in parallel 
C)  is repeated many times to make sure the results are accurate 
D)  keeps all variables constant 
A)  proceeds slowly so a scientist can make careful records 
B)  tests experimental and control groups in parallel 
C)  is repeated many times to make sure the results are accurate 
D)  keeps all variables constant

Question 10

Which of the following is one of Charles Darwin's observations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals in a population are similar in their traits. 
B)  Many of the traits in an individual are heritable. 
C)  A population avoids competition by producing only as many offspring as can successfully reproduce on their own. 
D)  Species generally are not adapted to their environments. 
A)  Individuals in a population are similar in their traits. 
B)  Many of the traits in an individual are heritable. 
C)  A population avoids competition by producing only as many offspring as can successfully reproduce on their own. 
D)  Species generally are not adapted to their environments.

Question 11

Which of the following instructions contribute to a productive experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  include a small sample size 
B)  do not include a control, it is a waste of resources. 
C)  alter only one condition between the control and the experimental condition 
D)  do not run the experiment more than once, the results might become confusing 
A)  include a small sample size 
B)  do not include a control, it is a waste of resources. 
C)  alter only one condition between the control and the experimental condition 
D)  do not run the experiment more than once, the results might become confusing

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two brothers who are twins 
B)  One sibling is vegan, the other eats meat 
C)  One sibling has brown eyes, the other has green 
D)  One of the twins has a scar the other does not 
A)  Two brothers who are twins 
B)  One sibling is vegan, the other eats meat 
C)  One sibling has brown eyes, the other has green 
D)  One of the twins has a scar the other does not

Question 13

As letters are to English language, ________ is/are to genetic information.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins 
B)  nucleotides 
C)  DNA double helix 
D)  carbohydrates 
A)  proteins 
B)  nucleotides 
C)  DNA double helix 
D)  carbohydrates

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fish swam in a zigzag motion. 
B)  The contents of the stomach are mixed every 20 seconds. 
C)  The temperature decreased from 20C to 15C. 
D)  The six pairs of robins hatched an average of three chicks each. 
A)  The fish swam in a zigzag motion. 
B)  The contents of the stomach are mixed every 20 seconds. 
C)  The temperature decreased from 20C to 15C. 
D)  The six pairs of robins hatched an average of three chicks each.

Question 15

An individual is suffering from a streptococcus infection in their throat. Which of the following do the individual and the streptococcus bacteria have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They both belong to the same domain. 
B)  They both are made up of cells. 
C)  They both have genetic material in their nucleus. 
D)  The individual and Streptococcus have nothing in common. 
A)  They both belong to the same domain. 
B)  They both are made up of cells. 
C)  They both have genetic material in their nucleus. 
D)  The individual and Streptococcus have nothing in common.

Question 16

In an experiment to test the hypothesis, "temperature controls sex determination in crocodile embryos" a researcher incubates crocodile eggs in incubators set at different temperatures. Which of the following correctly identifies the dependent and independent variables in the experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature is dependent, sex is independent 
B)  sex is dependent, temperature is independent 
C)  type of incubator is dependent, temperature is independent 
D)  temperature is dependent, type of incubator is independent 
A)  temperature is dependent, sex is independent 
B)  sex is dependent, temperature is independent 
C)  type of incubator is dependent, temperature is independent 
D)  temperature is dependent, type of incubator is independent

Question 17

Cotton-topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their heads. While studying these creatures, researchers noticed that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mate and father more offspring. Which of the following research questions would best test the hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive in these males?

Accepted Answer

A)  test whether other traits in these males are also adaptive 
B)  look for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarins 
C)  determine if hair length is heritable 
D)  test whether males with shaved heads are still able to mate 
A)  test whether other traits in these males are also adaptive 
B)  look for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarins 
C)  determine if hair length is heritable 
D)  test whether males with shaved heads are still able to mate

Question 18

Use the information in the graph to answer the following question.   Which of the following claims is best supported using the graph?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plowing has no effect on the number of earthworms in the soil. 
B)  More earthworms are found in the soil in spring than in fall. 
C)  Plowed soil contains more earthworms than unplowed soil. 
D)  Unplowed soil contains more earthworms than plowed soil. 
A)  Plowing has no effect on the number of earthworms in the soil. 
B)  More earthworms are found in the soil in spring than in fall. 
C)  Plowed soil contains more earthworms than unplowed soil. 
D)  Unplowed soil contains more earthworms than plowed soil.

Question 19

Apple on tree ripens ripe apple produces ethylene ethylene signals neighboring apples to ripen neighbor apples produce more ethylene more apples ripen. The above process is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive feedback regulation 
B)  negative feedback regulation 
C)  chemical cycling 
D)  emergent properties 
A)  positive feedback regulation 
B)  negative feedback regulation 
C)  chemical cycling 
D)  emergent properties

Question 20

Which of the following questions is considered a thought-provoking scientific query?

Accepted Answer

A)  How long ago did the Pterosaurs live on this planet? 
B)  Does the amount of solute in water affect the boiling point of the solution? 
C)  Who invented the telescope? 
D)  How many tigers are left in India? 
A)  How long ago did the Pterosaurs live on this planet? 
B)  Does the amount of solute in water affect the boiling point of the solution? 
C)  Who invented the telescope? 
D)  How many tigers are left in India?

Exam 1: Biology and Its Themes

The evolution two or more species from one species as a result of different populations becoming reproductively isolated from each other is best described as ________.

A cell lacking which of the following structures is most likely to be a prokaryote?

Agrobacterium infects plants and causes them to form tumors. You are asked to determine how long a plant must be exposed to these bacteria to become infected. Which of the following experiments will provide the best data to address that question?

Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning?

Systems biology is mainly an attempt to ________.

How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?

Which of the following statements about cells is correct?

A controlled experiment is one that ________.

Which of the following is one of Charles Darwin's observations?

Which of the following instructions contribute to a productive experimental design?

Which of the following is an example of genetic variation?

As letters are to English language, ________ is/are to genetic information.

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

An individual is suffering from a streptococcus infection in their throat. Which of the following do the individual and the streptococcus bacteria have in common?

In an experiment to test the hypothesis, "temperature controls sex determination in crocodile embryos" a researcher incubates crocodile eggs in incubators set at different temperatures. Which of the following correctly identifies the dependent and independent variables in the experiment?

Use the information in the graph to answer the following question. Which of the following claims is best supported using the graph?

Apple on tree ripens ripe apple produces ethylene ethylene signals neighboring apples to ripen neighbor apples produce more ethylene more apples ripen. The above process is an example of which of the following?

Which of the following questions is considered a thought-provoking scientific query?

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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