Question 1

Organic chemistry is currently defined as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the study of compounds made only by living cells 
B)  the study of carbon compounds 
C)  the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic) compounds 
D)  the study of hydrocarbons 
A)  the study of compounds made only by living cells 
B)  the study of carbon compounds 
C)  the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic) compounds 
D)  the study of hydrocarbons B

Question 2

Which of the following is true of carbon?

Accepted Answer

A)  It forms only polar molecules. 
B)  It can form a maximum of three covalent bonds with other elements. 
C)  It is highly electronegative. 
D)  It can form both polar and nonpolar bonds. 
A)  It forms only polar molecules. 
B)  It can form a maximum of three covalent bonds with other elements. 
C)  It is highly electronegative. 
D)  It can form both polar and nonpolar bonds. D

Question 3

Which of the following functional groups is unreactive but when added to bases of DNA can alter gene expression?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino 
B)  methyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  hydroxyl 
A)  amino 
B)  methyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  hydroxyl B

Question 4

What is the relationship between the following two molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are enantiomers. 
B)  They are not isomers. 
C)  They are geometrical isomers. 
D)  They are the same molecule. 
A)  They are enantiomers. 
B)  They are not isomers. 
C)  They are geometrical isomers. 
D)  They are the same molecule.

Question 5

Which of the following molecules has the fewest characteristics of an organic molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  methane 
C)  keratin-fibrous protein forming the main structure of hair 
D)  hemoglobin-iron-containing oxygen transport metalloprotein 
A)  water 
B)  methane 
C)  keratin-fibrous protein forming the main structure of hair 
D)  hemoglobin-iron-containing oxygen transport metalloprotein

Question 6

Which chemical change will convert ADP to ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  by adding energy and a phosphate 
B)  by adding two phosphates 
C)  by removing energy and a phosphate 
D)  by adding a phosphate, energy and oxygen 
A)  by adding energy and a phosphate 
B)  by adding two phosphates 
C)  by removing energy and a phosphate 
D)  by adding a phosphate, energy and oxygen

Question 7

Which of the following functional groups is present in acetic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydroxyl group 
B)  sulfhydryl group 
C)  carbonyl group 
D)  carboxyl group 
A)  hydroxyl group 
B)  sulfhydryl group 
C)  carbonyl group 
D)  carboxyl group

Question 8

Which of the following functional groups is hydrophobic in nature?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydroxyl 
B)  methyl 
C)  amino 
D)  sulfhydryl 
A)  hydroxyl 
B)  methyl 
C)  amino 
D)  sulfhydryl

Question 9

Which of the following characteristics of an atom determines the number and kind of bonds it can form?

Accepted Answer

A)  its atomic number 
B)  the number of particles in its valence shell 
C)  its atomic mass 
D)  the number of particles in its nucleus 
A)  its atomic number 
B)  the number of particles in its valence shell 
C)  its atomic mass 
D)  the number of particles in its nucleus

Question 10

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following properties of the molecule can be predicted with the information provided?

Accepted Answer

A)  It lacks an asymmetric carbon and is probably a fat or lipid. 
B)  It should dissolve in water. 
C)  It should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent. 
D)  It will not form hydrogen bonds with water. 
A)  It lacks an asymmetric carbon and is probably a fat or lipid. 
B)  It should dissolve in water. 
C)  It should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent. 
D)  It will not form hydrogen bonds with water.

Question 11

Which statement is true about the following molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a cis isomer. 
B)  It is a trans isomer. 
C)  It is cis in its vapor form and trans in its fluid form. 
D)  It is not an isomer. 
A)  It is a cis isomer. 
B)  It is a trans isomer. 
C)  It is cis in its vapor form and trans in its fluid form. 
D)  It is not an isomer.

Question 12

Use the figures to answer the question.   Which molecule shown above contains a functional group that is a part of the principal molecule that stores and transfers energy in cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 13

Hydrolysis of ADP produces which of the following products?

Accepted Answer

A)  AMP + Pi + energy 
B)  ATP + Pi 
C)  Pi + Pi + water 
D)  ATP + energy 
A)  AMP + Pi + energy 
B)  ATP + Pi 
C)  Pi + Pi + water 
D)  ATP + energy

Question 14

The results from Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments can best be used to support which of the following hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

A)  life on Earth arose from simple inorganic molecules 
B)  organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth 
C)  life on Earth arose from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes 
D)  the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life 
A)  life on Earth arose from simple inorganic molecules 
B)  organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth 
C)  life on Earth arose from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes 
D)  the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life

Question 15

Use the figures to answer the following question.   Which molecule shown can be a result of mercaptoethanol reduction of a disulfide bridge?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 16

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D)

Question 17

Which of the following statements is correct for organic molecules with only hydrogens and five carbon atoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  only a linear carbon skeleton is possible for the molecule 
B)  only carbon number 1 and 2 can form a double bond between them 
C)  different positions of double bonds between carbon atoms is not possible 
D)  the molecule cannot have enantiomers 
A)  only a linear carbon skeleton is possible for the molecule 
B)  only carbon number 1 and 2 can form a double bond between them 
C)  different positions of double bonds between carbon atoms is not possible 
D)  the molecule cannot have enantiomers

Question 18

Use the following figure to answer the following question.   The figure shows the structures of glucose and fructose. Which of the following describes a difference between the two molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms 
B)  types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms 
C)  arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms 
D)  number of oxygen atoms joined to carbon atoms by double covalent bonds 
A)  number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms 
B)  types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms 
C)  arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms 
D)  number of oxygen atoms joined to carbon atoms by double covalent bonds

Question 19

Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic of isomers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Isomers differ in both physical and chemical properties. 
B)  Isomers have same molecular formula. 
C)  Isomers are not structurally different. 
D)  Geometric and Optical isomerism are two types of stereoisomerism. 
A)  Isomers differ in both physical and chemical properties. 
B)  Isomers have same molecular formula. 
C)  Isomers are not structurally different. 
D)  Geometric and Optical isomerism are two types of stereoisomerism.

Question 20

Which of the following structures is a correct representation of an alcohol?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D)

Exam 4: Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Organic chemistry is currently defined as ________.

Which of the following is true of carbon?

Which of the following functional groups is unreactive but when added to bases of DNA can alter gene expression?

What is the relationship between the following two molecules?

Which of the following molecules has the fewest characteristics of an organic molecule?

Which chemical change will convert ADP to ATP?

Which of the following functional groups is present in acetic acid?

Which of the following functional groups is hydrophobic in nature?

Which of the following characteristics of an atom determines the number and kind of bonds it can form?

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following properties of the molecule can be predicted with the information provided?

Which statement is true about the following molecule?

Use the figures to answer the question. Which molecule shown above contains a functional group that is a part of the principal molecule that stores and transfers energy in cells?

Hydrolysis of ADP produces which of the following products?

The results from Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments can best be used to support which of the following hypotheses?

Use the figures to answer the following question. Which molecule shown can be a result of mercaptoethanol reduction of a disulfide bridge?

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule?

Which of the following statements is correct for organic molecules with only hydrogens and five carbon atoms?

Use the following figure to answer the following question. The figure shows the structures of glucose and fructose. Which of the following describes a difference between the two molecules?

Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic of isomers?

Which of the following structures is a correct representation of an alcohol?

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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