Exam 30: Seed Plants

Use the information to answer the following question. Oviparous (egg-laying) animals have internal fertilization (sperm cells encounter eggs within the female's body). Yolk and/or albumen is (are) provided to the embryo, and a shell is then deposited around the embryo and its food source. Eggs are subsequently deposited in an environment that promotes their further development, or are incubated by one or both parents. The internal fertilization that occurs in egg-laying animals prior to shell deposition is similar to what process in angiosperms?

Which of the following generations in the conifer life cycle most directly produces the integument of a pine seed?

In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. How many chromosomes should be in an embryo nucleus after fertilization?

Which of the following statements best describes an advantage of the reduced gametophytes in seed plants?

In seed plants, which of the following is part of a pollen grain and has a function most like that of the seed coat?

The phylum Gnetophyta includes organisms that are very diverse in appearance and live in many different parts of the Earth. These organisms are grouped into the same phylum because they ________.

One day, you go outside and see that the cars on the street are covered in a yellow "dust." Which of the following statements can be correctly applied to this "dust"?

Which feature of cycads distinguishes them from most other gymnosperms?

Use the information to answer the following question. Theobroma cacao (cacao) is the tree that produces seeds that are turned into chocolate. These trees provide many poor people in the tropics with some cash income. However, these farmers face many obstacles to production of their crop, including temperature and rainfall changes caused by atmospheric CO₂ increases, and many diseases and pests. Analysis of the cacao genome showed that there is some (but not a lot) of genetic variation in the 10 major varieties. Which of the following strategies would be most useful in the long term in reducing pressures faced by cacao farmers?

Suppose that the cells of seed plants, like the cells of human skin, produce a pigment upon increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Which of the following types of plant cells is most likely to produce this pigment?

The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels, is native to tropical rain forests of South America. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow flowers of Brazil nut trees cannot fertilize themselves and admit only female orchid bees as pollinators. Entrepreneurs attempted, but failed, to harvest nuts from plantations grown in Southeast Asia. Attempts to grow Brazil nut trees in South American plantations also failed. In both cases, the trees grew vigorously, produced healthy flowers in profusion, but set no fruit. Which of the following statements best explains the failure to cultivate Brazil nut trees in these other locations?

Which of the following characteristics would best support your assertion that a particular plant is an angiosperm?

Which of the following generations in the conifer life cycle directly produces the megasporangium of pine ovules?

A researcher has developed two stains to use for visualizing different tissues of seed plants. One stains sporophyte tissue blue; the other stains gametophyte tissue red. If the researcher exposes pollen grains to both stains, and then rinses away the excess stain, what will he/she/they most likely observe?

Imagine that you wanted to know if speciation is more rapid in plant groups pollinated by bees or hummingbirds. To do this, you identified 20 genera of angiosperms that contained species pollinated by both types of animals. There were substantially more species in the groups that were pollinated by bees. Which of the following conclusions are most consistent with your data?

Which answer arranges the characteristics of plants in the order in which they evolved, from most ancient to most recent?

Which of the following statements describes a difference between seed plants and ferns?

In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics is unique to seed-producing plants?

Many mammals have skins and mucous membranes that are sensitive to secretions of plants like poison oak. These secondary compounds are primarily adaptations that function in which of the following ways?

Stamens, sepals, petals, carpels, and pinecone scales are types of which of the following structures?