Question 1

During which of the following processes do homologous pairs of chromosomes align adjacent to one another at the metaphase plate of a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  metaphase of mitosis 
B)  metaphase I of meiosis 
C)  telophase II of meiosis 
D)  metaphase II of meiosis 
A)  metaphase of mitosis 
B)  metaphase I of meiosis 
C)  telophase II of meiosis 
D)  metaphase II of meiosis B

Question 2

For the following question, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. Prophase I V. Prophase II
II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II
III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II
IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II
Homologous chromosomes are aligned at the middle of the spindle.

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  IV 
D)  VI 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  IV 
D)  VI B

Question 3

If a plant biologist succeeds in generating a single plant with a particularly desirable flower, which of the following approaches would be the most efficient way to generate more plants with this trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits and cross the two 
B)  breed this plant with a plant that does not flower 
C)  clone the plant 
D)  force the plant to self-pollinate 
A)  backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits and cross the two 
B)  breed this plant with a plant that does not flower 
C)  clone the plant 
D)  force the plant to self-pollinate C

Question 4

Genetic variation leads to genetic diversity in populations and is the raw material for evolution. Which of the following statements best represents the connection between reproduction and evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plants that use sexual reproduction are rare since this type of reproduction in plants does not contribute to genetic diversity and evolutionary pressures select against them. 
B)  In order for evolutionary pressures to affect sexually reproducing organisms, mutations must occur in the zygote after fertilization. 
C)  Since prokaryotic organisms reproduce asexually, they have no mechanism to add genetic diversity for evolutionary pressures to act upon. 
D)  Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation because random mutations can be shuffled between organisms. 
A)  Plants that use sexual reproduction are rare since this type of reproduction in plants does not contribute to genetic diversity and evolutionary pressures select against them. 
B)  In order for evolutionary pressures to affect sexually reproducing organisms, mutations must occur in the zygote after fertilization. 
C)  Since prokaryotic organisms reproduce asexually, they have no mechanism to add genetic diversity for evolutionary pressures to act upon. 
D)  Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation because random mutations can be shuffled between organisms.

Question 5

Which of the following processes has just occurred when chiasmata can first be viewed under a microscope?

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis II 
B)  anaphase II 
C)  prophase I 
D)  the separation of homologs 
A)  meiosis II 
B)  anaphase II 
C)  prophase I 
D)  the separation of homologs

Question 6

Multiple cells from the same species were isolated, the relative cohesion protein content for each type was determined, and the results were plotted on the graph. Refer to the graph to answer the following question.   Which sample is consistent with a cell that has completed meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  Either I or II 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  Either I or II

Question 7

Which of the following statements describes a major difference between mitosis and meiosis I in a diploid organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, while homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis I. 
B)  Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, while homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis II. 
C)  DNA replication takes place prior to mitosis, but not before meiosis I. 
D)  Only meiosis I results in daughter cells that contain identical genetic information. 
A)  Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, while homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis I. 
B)  Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, while homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis II. 
C)  DNA replication takes place prior to mitosis, but not before meiosis I. 
D)  Only meiosis I results in daughter cells that contain identical genetic information.

Question 8

Cells from a diploid protist with n=1 are followed through mitosis and meiosis. The drawings in the figure below represent the chromosomes. Refer to the drawings and answer the following question(s).   Which diagram represents metaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  III 
C)  V 
D)  VI 
A)  I 
B)  III 
C)  V 
D)  VI

Question 9

Asexual reproduction occurs during which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis 
B)  mitosis 
C)  fertilization 
D)  the exchange of chromosomes between organisms of different species 
A)  meiosis 
B)  mitosis 
C)  fertilization 
D)  the exchange of chromosomes between organisms of different species

Question 10

Quaking aspen trees usually reproduce by extending underground stems that then push aboveground and grow into trees. Sexual reproduction is not as common, but when it does happen, the haploid gametes have 19 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the cells of the underground stems?

Accepted Answer

A)  9 
B)  19 
C)  38 
D)  76 
A)  9 
B)  19 
C)  38 
D)  76

Question 11

During which of the following processes does independent assortment of chromosomes occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  in meiosis I only 
B)  in meiosis II only 
C)  in mitosis and meiosis I 
D)  in mitosis and meiosis II 
A)  in meiosis I only 
B)  in meiosis II only 
C)  in mitosis and meiosis I 
D)  in mitosis and meiosis II

Question 12

Which of the following statements describes one characteristic of each chromosome in a cell during the entire process of meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each chromosome is paired with a homologous chromosome. 
B)  Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined by a centromere. 
C)  Each chromosome consists of a single strand of DNA. 
D)  Each chromosome is joined with its homologous pair to form a synaptonemal complex. 
A)  Each chromosome is paired with a homologous chromosome. 
B)  Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined by a centromere. 
C)  Each chromosome consists of a single strand of DNA. 
D)  Each chromosome is joined with its homologous pair to form a synaptonemal complex.

Question 13

During which of the following phases of meiosis do centromeres split and sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaphase I 
B)  telophase I 
C)  anaphase II 
D)  telophase II 
A)  anaphase I 
B)  telophase I 
C)  anaphase II 
D)  telophase II

Question 14

The somatic cells of a particular plant each contain a total of 46 chromosomes. How do the chromosomes of this plant differ from the chromosomes of humans, who also have a total of 46?

Accepted Answer

A)  This plant's sex cells would have 92 chromosomes when entering meiosis. 
B)  This plant's sex cells have chromosomes that can synapse with human chromosomes in the laboratory. 
C)  The genes on this plant's largest chromosome are significantly different than those on the largest human chromosome. 
D)  This plant is more like animals than like another plant that has 10 total chromosomes. 
A)  This plant's sex cells would have 92 chromosomes when entering meiosis. 
B)  This plant's sex cells have chromosomes that can synapse with human chromosomes in the laboratory. 
C)  The genes on this plant's largest chromosome are significantly different than those on the largest human chromosome. 
D)  This plant is more like animals than like another plant that has 10 total chromosomes.

Question 15

Multiple cells from the same species were isolated, the relative cohesion protein content for each type was determined, and the results were plotted on the graph. Refer to the graph to answer the following question.   Which sample is consistent with a cell that is in metaphase I?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  Either I or II 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  Either I or II

Question 16

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that are in prophase of meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
B)  The cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
C)  The cells have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. 
D)  The cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA. 
A)  The cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
B)  The cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
C)  The cells have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. 
D)  The cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA.

Question 17

Which of the following statements best describes homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They were inherited from the same parent. 
B)  They carry information for the same traits. 
C)  They carry the same alleles. 
D)  They align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II. 
A)  They were inherited from the same parent. 
B)  They carry information for the same traits. 
C)  They carry the same alleles. 
D)  They align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II.

Question 18

A particular organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  It must be human. 
B)  It must be an animal. 
C)  It reproduces asexually. 
D)  It produces gametes with 23 chromosomes. 
A)  It must be human. 
B)  It must be an animal. 
C)  It reproduces asexually. 
D)  It produces gametes with 23 chromosomes.

Question 19

Multiple cells from the same species were isolated, the relative cohesion protein content for each type was determined, and the results were plotted on the graph. Refer to the graph to answer the following question.   Which sample is consistent with a cell that is in telophase I?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  Either I or II 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  Either I or II

Question 20

A (hypothetical) diploid organism has different genes that control wing length and wing color.
A female of this species with short blue-colored wings has a chromosome pair with two short-wing alleles and a second chromosome pair with one blue-wing allele and one orange-wing allele. The eggs from this individual will have which of the following combinations of alleles?

Accepted Answer

A)  all of the eggs will have alleles for short blue-colored wings 
B)  all of the eggs will have alleles for short orange-colored wings 
C)  1/2 of the eggs will have alleles for short blue-colored wings and ½ will have alleles for short orange-colored wings 
D)  3/4 of the eggs have alleles for short blue-colored wings and ¼ of the eggs have alleles for short orange-colored wings. 
A)  all of the eggs will have alleles for short blue-colored wings 
B)  all of the eggs will have alleles for short orange-colored wings 
C)  1/2 of the eggs will have alleles for short blue-colored wings and ½ will have alleles for short orange-colored wings 
D)  3/4 of the eggs have alleles for short blue-colored wings and ¼ of the eggs have alleles for short orange-colored wings.

Exam 13: Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

During which of the following processes do homologous pairs of chromosomes align adjacent to one another at the metaphase plate of a cell?

For the following question, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. Prophase I V. Prophase II II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II Homologous chromosomes are aligned at the middle of the spindle.

If a plant biologist succeeds in generating a single plant with a particularly desirable flower, which of the following approaches would be the most efficient way to generate more plants with this trait?

Genetic variation leads to genetic diversity in populations and is the raw material for evolution. Which of the following statements best represents the connection between reproduction and evolution?

Which of the following processes has just occurred when chiasmata can first be viewed under a microscope?

Multiple cells from the same species were isolated, the relative cohesion protein content for each type was determined, and the results were plotted on the graph. Refer to the graph to answer the following question. Which sample is consistent with a cell that has completed meiosis?

Which of the following statements describes a major difference between mitosis and meiosis I in a diploid organism?

Cells from a diploid protist with n=1 are followed through mitosis and meiosis. The drawings in the figure below represent the chromosomes. Refer to the drawings and answer the following question(s). Which diagram represents metaphase of mitosis?

Asexual reproduction occurs during which of the following processes?

Quaking aspen trees usually reproduce by extending underground stems that then push aboveground and grow into trees. Sexual reproduction is not as common, but when it does happen, the haploid gametes have 19 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the cells of the underground stems?

During which of the following processes does independent assortment of chromosomes occur?

Which of the following statements describes one characteristic of each chromosome in a cell during the entire process of meiosis I?

During which of the following phases of meiosis do centromeres split and sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles of the cell?

The somatic cells of a particular plant each contain a total of 46 chromosomes. How do the chromosomes of this plant differ from the chromosomes of humans, who also have a total of 46?

Multiple cells from the same species were isolated, the relative cohesion protein content for each type was determined, and the results were plotted on the graph. Refer to the graph to answer the following question. Which sample is consistent with a cell that is in metaphase I?

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that are in prophase of meiosis I?

Which of the following statements best describes homologous chromosomes?

A particular organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this organism?

Multiple cells from the same species were isolated, the relative cohesion protein content for each type was determined, and the results were plotted on the graph. Refer to the graph to answer the following question. Which sample is consistent with a cell that is in telophase I?

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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