Question 1

Which of the following best describes sex hormones in male and female vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Androgens, estrogens, and progesterone are found in males and females, but in different proportions. 
B)  Males produce only androgens. Females produce only estrogens and progesterone. 
C)  Males produce androgens and progesterone. Females produce only estrogens. 
D)  Males and females produce androgens and estrogens. But males only have target receptors for androgens and females only have target receptors for estrogens and progesterone. 
A)  Androgens, estrogens, and progesterone are found in males and females, but in different proportions. 
B)  Males produce only androgens. Females produce only estrogens and progesterone. 
C)  Males produce androgens and progesterone. Females produce only estrogens. 
D)  Males and females produce androgens and estrogens. But males only have target receptors for androgens and females only have target receptors for estrogens and progesterone. A

Question 2

Which of the following pairs correctly describes an example of antagonistic hormones that regulate homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroxine and parathyroid hormones regulate calcium balance 
B)  insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose levels 
C)  progestins and estrogens control sexual differentiation 
D)  epinephrine and norepinephrine regulate the fight-or-flight responses 
A)  thyroxine and parathyroid hormones regulate calcium balance 
B)  insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose levels 
C)  progestins and estrogens control sexual differentiation 
D)  epinephrine and norepinephrine regulate the fight-or-flight responses B

Question 3

Which of the following is affected by exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)?

Accepted Answer

A)  the regulation of blood calcium levels 
B)  water resorption in the kidneys 
C)  sleep and wake cycles 
D)  reproduction and development 
A)  the regulation of blood calcium levels 
B)  water resorption in the kidneys 
C)  sleep and wake cycles 
D)  reproduction and development D

Question 4

A certain hormone activates the cAMP second messenger system in its target cells. Which of the following would yield the greatest response by a target cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  apply the hormone to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell 
B)  inject the hormone into the cytoplasm of the cell 
C)  apply cAMP to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell 
D)  inject activated, cAMP-dependent protein kinase into the cytoplasm of the cell 
A)  apply the hormone to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell 
B)  inject the hormone into the cytoplasm of the cell 
C)  apply cAMP to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell 
D)  inject activated, cAMP-dependent protein kinase into the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 5

The mammary glands secrete milk in response to circulating oxytocin. A suckling baby feeding on this milk stimulates additional oxytocin release. These related events are an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative feedback 
B)  a hormone that acts in an antagonistic way with another hormone 
C)  positive feedback 
D)  signal transduction immediately changing gene expression in its target cells 
A)  negative feedback 
B)  a hormone that acts in an antagonistic way with another hormone 
C)  positive feedback 
D)  signal transduction immediately changing gene expression in its target cells

Question 6

Which of the following contain capillary beds connected by portal blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus and thalamus 
B)  anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary 
C)  hypothalamus and anterior pituitary 
D)  posterior pituitary and thyroid gland 
A)  hypothalamus and thalamus 
B)  anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary 
C)  hypothalamus and anterior pituitary 
D)  posterior pituitary and thyroid gland

Question 7

Which of the following organs includes endocrine and exocrine tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  the pituitary gland 
B)  parathyroid glands 
C)  salivary glands 
D)  the pancreas 
A)  the pituitary gland 
B)  parathyroid glands 
C)  salivary glands 
D)  the pancreas

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true about both steroid and polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are derived from cholesterol. 
B)  They are water-soluble. 
C)  They travel through the bloodstream. 
D)  They diffuse into target cells and bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus. 
A)  They are derived from cholesterol. 
B)  They are water-soluble. 
C)  They travel through the bloodstream. 
D)  They diffuse into target cells and bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus.

Question 9

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal?

Accepted Answer

A)  greater production of T3 than of T4 
B)  hyposecretion of TSH 
C)  hypersecretion of MSH 
D)  a decrease in the thyroid secretion of calcitonin 
A)  greater production of T3 than of T4 
B)  hyposecretion of TSH 
C)  hypersecretion of MSH 
D)  a decrease in the thyroid secretion of calcitonin

Question 10

The relationship between the insect hormones ecdysteroid and PTTH is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an interaction of the endocrine and nervous systems 
B)  homeostasis achieved by positive feedback 
C)  homeostasis maintained by antagonistic hormones 
D)  competitive inhibition of a hormone receptor 
A)  an interaction of the endocrine and nervous systems 
B)  homeostasis achieved by positive feedback 
C)  homeostasis maintained by antagonistic hormones 
D)  competitive inhibition of a hormone receptor

Question 11

Which of the following statements about aspirin and ibuprofen is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins. 
B)  They inhibit the release of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator. 
C)  They activate the paracrine signaling pathways that form blood clots. 
D)  They stimulate vasoconstriction in the kidneys. 
A)  They inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins. 
B)  They inhibit the release of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator. 
C)  They activate the paracrine signaling pathways that form blood clots. 
D)  They stimulate vasoconstriction in the kidneys.

Question 12

Which of the following is the most likely outcome of a reduction of blood flow in the portal system connecting the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced levels of oxytocin in the blood 
B)  reduced levels of ADH in the blood 
C)  reduced levels of growth hormone in the blood 
D)  increased production of nitric oxide 
A)  reduced levels of oxytocin in the blood 
B)  reduced levels of ADH in the blood 
C)  reduced levels of growth hormone in the blood 
D)  increased production of nitric oxide

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of glucocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

A)  promoting the immune response 
B)  promoting the release of fatty acids 
C)  increasing blood glucose levels 
D)  increasing insulin production 
A)  promoting the immune response 
B)  promoting the release of fatty acids 
C)  increasing blood glucose levels 
D)  increasing insulin production

Question 14

Which of the following statements about endocrine glands is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They secrete a product onto a body surface or into a body cavity. 
B)  They secrete enzymes and bicarbonate. 
C)  The products are all enzymes. 
D)  They do not have ducts. 
A)  They secrete a product onto a body surface or into a body cavity. 
B)  They secrete enzymes and bicarbonate. 
C)  The products are all enzymes. 
D)  They do not have ducts.

Question 15

Fludrocortisone is a steroid hormone used to treat disease. Which of the following most likely occurs when it encounters a target cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  It binds to a receptor on the cell membrane and triggers a signal transduction pathway. 
B)  It diffuses through the cell membrane and binds to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus. 
C)  It interacts with a G-protein coupled receptor in the plasma membrane of the target cell. 
D)  It binds to protein receptors on the presynaptic membrane, increasing the firing rate of action potentials. 
A)  It binds to a receptor on the cell membrane and triggers a signal transduction pathway. 
B)  It diffuses through the cell membrane and binds to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus. 
C)  It interacts with a G-protein coupled receptor in the plasma membrane of the target cell. 
D)  It binds to protein receptors on the presynaptic membrane, increasing the firing rate of action potentials.

Question 16

When a person drinks alcohol, the rate of urination increases. Which of the following best explains the increase in urination above normal rates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alcohol stimulates the release of thyroid hormones. 
B)  Alcohol inhibits the release of ADH. 
C)  Alcohol inhibits the actions of calcitonin. 
D)  Alcohol stimulates the release of oxytocin. 
A)  Alcohol stimulates the release of thyroid hormones. 
B)  Alcohol inhibits the release of ADH. 
C)  Alcohol inhibits the actions of calcitonin. 
D)  Alcohol stimulates the release of oxytocin.

Question 17

Which of the following hormones is vital to maintaining a pregnancy in a mammal?

Accepted Answer

A)  prolactin 
B)  melatonin 
C)  androgen 
D)  progesterone 
A)  prolactin 
B)  melatonin 
C)  androgen 
D)  progesterone

Question 18

The insect hormones ecdysteroid and PTTH ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reflect the coordinated responses of the endocrine and nervous systems 
B)  act in competitive inhibition of the same hormone receptor 
C)  are both released as a result of positive feedback 
D)  are an example of homeostasis maintained by antagonistic interactions 
A)  reflect the coordinated responses of the endocrine and nervous systems 
B)  act in competitive inhibition of the same hormone receptor 
C)  are both released as a result of positive feedback 
D)  are an example of homeostasis maintained by antagonistic interactions

Question 19

The chemical structure of prostaglandins is derived from which of the following types of molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  oligosaccharides 
B)  fatty acids 
C)  steroids 
D)  amino acids 
A)  oligosaccharides 
B)  fatty acids 
C)  steroids 
D)  amino acids

Question 20

Which of the following statements about polypeptides is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  they are derived from cholesterol 
B)  most are lipid-soluble 
C)  some function as growth factors 
D)  most bind to transport proteins when circulating in blood 
A)  they are derived from cholesterol 
B)  most are lipid-soluble 
C)  some function as growth factors 
D)  most bind to transport proteins when circulating in blood

Exam 41: Chemical Signals in Animals

Which of the following best describes sex hormones in male and female vertebrates?

Which of the following pairs correctly describes an example of antagonistic hormones that regulate homeostasis?

Which of the following is affected by exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)?

A certain hormone activates the cAMP second messenger system in its target cells. Which of the following would yield the greatest response by a target cell?

The mammary glands secrete milk in response to circulating oxytocin. A suckling baby feeding on this milk stimulates additional oxytocin release. These related events are an example of ________.

Which of the following contain capillary beds connected by portal blood vessels?

Which of the following organs includes endocrine and exocrine tissues?

Which of the following statements is true about both steroid and polypeptide?

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal?

The relationship between the insect hormones ecdysteroid and PTTH is an example of ________.

Which of the following statements about aspirin and ibuprofen is true?

Which of the following is the most likely outcome of a reduction of blood flow in the portal system connecting the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

Which of the following is a function of glucocorticoids?

Which of the following statements about endocrine glands is true?

Fludrocortisone is a steroid hormone used to treat disease. Which of the following most likely occurs when it encounters a target cell?

When a person drinks alcohol, the rate of urination increases. Which of the following best explains the increase in urination above normal rates?

Which of the following hormones is vital to maintaining a pregnancy in a mammal?

The insect hormones ecdysteroid and PTTH ________.

The chemical structure of prostaglandins is derived from which of the following types of molecules?

Which of the following statements about polypeptides is true?

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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