Question 1

Which of the following is the most likely effect of a drug that increases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased release of glucocorticoids 
B)  increased release of prolactin 
C)  decreased release of cortisol 
D)  decreased release of calcitonin 
A)  increased release of glucocorticoids 
B)  increased release of prolactin 
C)  decreased release of cortisol 
D)  decreased release of calcitonin

Question 2

Which of the following is a gas that functions as a local regulator and a neurotransmitter in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitric oxide 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  cortisol 
D)  carbon dioxide 
A)  nitric oxide 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  cortisol 
D)  carbon dioxide

Question 3

Which statement is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hormones that differ in effect reach their target cells by different routes through the body. 
B)  Pairs of hormones that have the same effect are said to have antagonistic functions. 
C)  Hormones are often regulated through feedback loops. 
D)  Hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same function. 
A)  Hormones that differ in effect reach their target cells by different routes through the body. 
B)  Pairs of hormones that have the same effect are said to have antagonistic functions. 
C)  Hormones are often regulated through feedback loops. 
D)  Hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same function.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains how epinephrine produces different effects in different target cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  The target cells differ in their types of receptors. 
B)  The target cells have different sets of chromosomes. 
C)  Epinephrine binds to different chromosomes in the target cells' nuclei. 
D)  Epinephrine diffuses through target cell membranes at different rates. 
A)  The target cells differ in their types of receptors. 
B)  The target cells have different sets of chromosomes. 
C)  Epinephrine binds to different chromosomes in the target cells' nuclei. 
D)  Epinephrine diffuses through target cell membranes at different rates.

Question 5

Molecules that act quickly over short distances are types of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  local regulators 
B)  neurohormones 
C)  neurotransmitters 
D)  pheromones 
A)  local regulators 
B)  neurohormones 
C)  neurotransmitters 
D)  pheromones

Question 6

The hypothalamus ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesizes all of the hormones produced by the pituitary gland 
B)  influences the function of only one lobe of the pituitary gland 
C)  produces only inhibitory hormones 
D)  regulates both reproduction and body temperature 
A)  synthesizes all of the hormones produced by the pituitary gland 
B)  influences the function of only one lobe of the pituitary gland 
C)  produces only inhibitory hormones 
D)  regulates both reproduction and body temperature

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotransmitters diffuse into the bloodstream 
B)  neurohormones diffuse into the bloodstream 
C)  neurohormones diffuse a short distance and bind to receptors in a synapse 
D)  neurotransmitters act only on cells that make neurotransmitters 
A)  neurotransmitters diffuse into the bloodstream 
B)  neurohormones diffuse into the bloodstream 
C)  neurohormones diffuse a short distance and bind to receptors in a synapse 
D)  neurotransmitters act only on cells that make neurotransmitters

Question 8

Which one of the following is a type of catecholamine?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucocorticoids 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
D)  mineralocorticoids 
A)  glucocorticoids 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
D)  mineralocorticoids

Question 9

Testosterone is an example of a chemical signal that affects, variously, the very cells that synthesize it in the testis, the neighboring cells, and distant cells outside the gonads. Thus, testosterone is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a neurohormone signal, a neuroendocrine signal, and an exocrine product 
B)  a paracrine signal, a synaptic signal, and an exocrine product 
C)  an autocrine signal, a neuroendocrine signal, and a synaptic signal 
D)  an autocrine signal, a paracrine signal, and an endocrine signal 
A)  a neurohormone signal, a neuroendocrine signal, and an exocrine product 
B)  a paracrine signal, a synaptic signal, and an exocrine product 
C)  an autocrine signal, a neuroendocrine signal, and a synaptic signal 
D)  an autocrine signal, a paracrine signal, and an endocrine signal

Question 10

Which of the following is a steroid hormone that coordinates molting in arthropods?

Accepted Answer

A)  ecdysteroid 
B)  glucagon 
C)  thyroxine 
D)  growth hormone 
A)  ecdysteroid 
B)  glucagon 
C)  thyroxine 
D)  growth hormone

Question 11

Which of the following molecules is lipid soluble and acts on target cells at distant locations from where it is released?

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  thyroxine 
D)  cortisol 
A)  insulin 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  thyroxine 
D)  cortisol

Question 12

Which of the following correctly pairs a gland with its impact on the fight-or-flight reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  parathyroid glands, lead to increased metabolic rate 
B)  anterior pituitary gland, leads to cessation of gonadal function 
C)  adrenal medulla, leads to increased secretion of epinephrine 
D)  pancreas, leads to a reduction in the blood sugar concentration 
A)  parathyroid glands, lead to increased metabolic rate 
B)  anterior pituitary gland, leads to cessation of gonadal function 
C)  adrenal medulla, leads to increased secretion of epinephrine 
D)  pancreas, leads to a reduction in the blood sugar concentration

Question 13

Diabetes insipidus is a disorder that results in the kidneys not being able to conserve water during urine production. Which hormone most likely plays a role in diabetes insipidus?

Accepted Answer

A)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
B)  thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 
C)  insulin 
D)  glucagon 
A)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
B)  thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 
C)  insulin 
D)  glucagon

Question 14

In response to stress, the adrenal gland promotes the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate substrates via the action of the steroid hormone ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  estradiol 
B)  cortisol 
C)  thyroxine 
D)  adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
A)  estradiol 
B)  cortisol 
C)  thyroxine 
D)  adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 15

Which two hormones, in a lactating mammal, promote milk synthesis and milk release, respectively?

Accepted Answer

A)  prolactin and calcitonin 
B)  prolactin and oxytocin 
C)  follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone 
D)  luteinizing hormone and oxytocin 
A)  prolactin and calcitonin 
B)  prolactin and oxytocin 
C)  follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone 
D)  luteinizing hormone and oxytocin

Question 16

Which hormone is correctly paired with its action?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxytocin-stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth 
B)  thyroxine-inhibits metabolic processes 
C)  ACTH-inhibits the release of glucocorticoids by the ­adrenal cortex 
D)  melatonin-raises blood calcium level 
A)  oxytocin-stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth 
B)  thyroxine-inhibits metabolic processes 
C)  ACTH-inhibits the release of glucocorticoids by the ­adrenal cortex 
D)  melatonin-raises blood calcium level

Question 17

Which of the following are properties of steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  Steroid hormones are water-soluble and travel freely in the bloodstream. 
B)  Steroid hormones usually exert their effects on target cells through membrane receptor proteins. 
C)  Steroid hormones only act locally, on cells close to where the steroid hormone was secreted. 
D)  Steroid hormones regulate gene transcription by binding to intracellular receptor proteins. 
A)  Steroid hormones are water-soluble and travel freely in the bloodstream. 
B)  Steroid hormones usually exert their effects on target cells through membrane receptor proteins. 
C)  Steroid hormones only act locally, on cells close to where the steroid hormone was secreted. 
D)  Steroid hormones regulate gene transcription by binding to intracellular receptor proteins.

Question 18

Which of the following glands produces hormones that affect osmoregulation, reproduction, and metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  parathyroid 
B)  anterior pituitary 
C)  mammary glands 
D)  thyroid 
A)  parathyroid 
B)  anterior pituitary 
C)  mammary glands 
D)  thyroid

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the steroid hormone aldosterone affects only a small number of target cells in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  only target cells are exposed to aldosterone 
B)  only target cells contain aldosterone receptors 
C)  aldosterone is unable to diffuse through nontarget cell membranes 
D)  nontarget cells destroy aldosterone before it can bind 
A)  only target cells are exposed to aldosterone 
B)  only target cells contain aldosterone receptors 
C)  aldosterone is unable to diffuse through nontarget cell membranes 
D)  nontarget cells destroy aldosterone before it can bind

Question 20

Growth factors are local regulators that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are produced by the anterior pituitary 
B)  are modified fatty acids that stimulate bone and cartilage growth 
C)  are found on the surface of cancer cells and stimulate ­abnormal cell division 
D)  bind to cell-surface receptors and stimulate growth and ­development of target cells 
A)  are produced by the anterior pituitary 
B)  are modified fatty acids that stimulate bone and cartilage growth 
C)  are found on the surface of cancer cells and stimulate ­abnormal cell division 
D)  bind to cell-surface receptors and stimulate growth and ­development of target cells

Exam 41: Chemical Signals in Animals

Which of the following is the most likely effect of a drug that increases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) synthesis?

Which of the following is a gas that functions as a local regulator and a neurotransmitter in humans?

Which statement is accurate?

Which of the following best explains how epinephrine produces different effects in different target cells?

Molecules that act quickly over short distances are types of ________.

The hypothalamus ________.

Which of the following statements is true?

Which one of the following is a type of catecholamine?

Testosterone is an example of a chemical signal that affects, variously, the very cells that synthesize it in the testis, the neighboring cells, and distant cells outside the gonads. Thus, testosterone is an example of ________.

Which of the following is a steroid hormone that coordinates molting in arthropods?

Which of the following molecules is lipid soluble and acts on target cells at distant locations from where it is released?

Which of the following correctly pairs a gland with its impact on the fight-or-flight reaction?

Diabetes insipidus is a disorder that results in the kidneys not being able to conserve water during urine production. Which hormone most likely plays a role in diabetes insipidus?

In response to stress, the adrenal gland promotes the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate substrates via the action of the steroid hormone ________.

Which two hormones, in a lactating mammal, promote milk synthesis and milk release, respectively?

Which hormone is correctly paired with its action?

Which of the following are properties of steroid hormones?

Which of the following glands produces hormones that affect osmoregulation, reproduction, and metabolism?

Which of the following best explains why the steroid hormone aldosterone affects only a small number of target cells in the body?

Growth factors are local regulators that ________.

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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