Question 1

In DNA technology, the term vector can refer to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the enzyme that cuts DNA into restriction fragments 
B)  the sticky end of a DNA fragment 
C)  a SNP marker 
D)  a plasmid used to transfer DNA into a living cell 
A)  the enzyme that cuts DNA into restriction fragments 
B)  the sticky end of a DNA fragment 
C)  a SNP marker 
D)  a plasmid used to transfer DNA into a living cell D

Question 2

Which of the following sequences in double-stranded DNA is most likely to be recognized as a cutting site for a restriction enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  AAGG TTCC 
B)  GGCC CCGG 
C)  ACCA TGGT 
D)  AAAA TTTT 
A)  AAGG TTCC 
B)  GGCC CCGG 
C)  ACCA TGGT 
D)  AAAA TTTT B

Question 3

One predicted aspect of climate change is that levels of precipitation and temperature will become more variable. Given this information, which of the following describes the best strategy for genetically engineering crops?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetically engineer crops so that the component used for food has the longest possible shelf life. 
B)  Genetically engineer most crops to withstand very long droughts. 
C)  Genetically engineer individuals with different phenotypes within a single crop type. 
D)  Genetically engineer crops to grow and mature as quickly as possible. 
A)  Genetically engineer crops so that the component used for food has the longest possible shelf life. 
B)  Genetically engineer most crops to withstand very long droughts. 
C)  Genetically engineer individuals with different phenotypes within a single crop type. 
D)  Genetically engineer crops to grow and mature as quickly as possible. C

Question 4

Which of the following is an ethical question regarding the use of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Should we be able to reduce the prevalence of human disease? 
B)  Should we be able to select and control the genetic makeup of the human population? 
C)  Should we be able to use try to use approaches developed in other model systems (for example, fruit flies, mice) in humans? 
D)  Should we be able to determine information about individuals' genomes? 
A)  Should we be able to reduce the prevalence of human disease? 
B)  Should we be able to select and control the genetic makeup of the human population? 
C)  Should we be able to use try to use approaches developed in other model systems (for example, fruit flies, mice) in humans? 
D)  Should we be able to determine information about individuals' genomes?

Question 5

Which of the following correctly lists the processes in order for one cycle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Accepted Answer

A)  denature DNA; add fresh enzyme; anneal primers; add dNTPs; extend primers 
B)  anneal primers; denature DNA; extend primers 
C)  extend primers; anneal primers; denature DNA 
D)  denature DNA; anneal primers; extend primers 
A)  denature DNA; add fresh enzyme; anneal primers; add dNTPs; extend primers 
B)  anneal primers; denature DNA; extend primers 
C)  extend primers; anneal primers; denature DNA 
D)  denature DNA; anneal primers; extend primers

Question 6

Which of the following reasons best explains why sequencing an entire genome, such as that of C. elegans, a nematode, is important for genetic research?

Accepted Answer

A)  It allows researchers to use the sequence to build a "better" nematode, which is resistant to disease. 
B)  It allows research on a group of organisms we do not usually care much about. 
C)  A sequence that is found to have a particular function in the nematode is likely to have a closely related function in vertebrates. 
D)  A sequence that is found to have no introns in the nematode genome is likely to have acquired the introns from vertebrates. 
A)  It allows researchers to use the sequence to build a "better" nematode, which is resistant to disease. 
B)  It allows research on a group of organisms we do not usually care much about. 
C)  A sequence that is found to have a particular function in the nematode is likely to have a closely related function in vertebrates. 
D)  A sequence that is found to have no introns in the nematode genome is likely to have acquired the introns from vertebrates.

Question 7

In animals, what is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only reproductive cloning uses totipotent cells. 
B)  Only reproductive cloning uses embryonic stem cells. 
C)  Only therapeutic cloning uses nuclei of adult cells transplanted into enucleated unfertilized eggs. 
D)  Only therapeutic cloning supplies cells for repair of diseased or injured organs. 
A)  Only reproductive cloning uses totipotent cells. 
B)  Only reproductive cloning uses embryonic stem cells. 
C)  Only therapeutic cloning uses nuclei of adult cells transplanted into enucleated unfertilized eggs. 
D)  Only therapeutic cloning supplies cells for repair of diseased or injured organs.

Question 8

Which of the following describes a concern that has been raised regarding the use of transgenic plants to produce human proteins, like growth hormones or insulin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plant allergens could contaminate samples of the human proteins produced. 
B)  Insects consuming the plants would incorporate the genes and develop human characteristics. 
C)  Harvesting the plants within research facilities would result in habitat destruction. 
D)  The human digestive system cannot digest plant cell wall components so the component would not be accessible. 
A)  Plant allergens could contaminate samples of the human proteins produced. 
B)  Insects consuming the plants would incorporate the genes and develop human characteristics. 
C)  Harvesting the plants within research facilities would result in habitat destruction. 
D)  The human digestive system cannot digest plant cell wall components so the component would not be accessible.

Question 9

Use the figure to answer the following question.   The activity of which of the following enzymes would produce a molecule of DNA as represented in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  ligase 
B)  a restriction enzyme (endonuclease) 
C)  RNA polymerase 
D)  DNA polymerase 
A)  ligase 
B)  a restriction enzyme (endonuclease) 
C)  RNA polymerase 
D)  DNA polymerase

Question 10

Expression of a cloned eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell involves many challenges. The use of mRNA and reverse transcriptase is part of a strategy to solve the problem of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  post-transcriptional processing 
B)  post-translational processing 
C)  nucleic acid hybridization 
D)  restriction fragment ligation 
A)  post-transcriptional processing 
B)  post-translational processing 
C)  nucleic acid hybridization 
D)  restriction fragment ligation

Question 11

Reproductive cloning of human embryos is generally considered unethical. However, on the subject of therapeutic cloning, there is a wider divergence of opinion. Which of the following statements provides the best argument in support of therapeutic cloning?

Accepted Answer

A)  The use of adult stem cells is likely to produce more cell types than the use of embryonic stem cells. 
B)  Cloning to produce embryonic stem cells may lead to great medical benefits for many. 
C)  Cloning to produce stem cells relies on a different initial procedure than reproductive cloning. 
D)  A clone that lives until the blastocyst stage does not yet have human DNA. 
A)  The use of adult stem cells is likely to produce more cell types than the use of embryonic stem cells. 
B)  Cloning to produce embryonic stem cells may lead to great medical benefits for many. 
C)  Cloning to produce stem cells relies on a different initial procedure than reproductive cloning. 
D)  A clone that lives until the blastocyst stage does not yet have human DNA.

Question 12

Which of the following sequences is most likely to be cut by a restriction endonuclease?

Accepted Answer

A)  5' - AATTCT 3' 3' -TTAAGA-5' 
B)  5' -AATATT-3' 3' -TTATAA-5' 
C)  5' -AAAATT-3' 3' -TTTTAA-5' 
D)  5' -ACTACT-3' 3' -TGATGA-5' 
A)  5' - AATTCT 3' 3' -TTAAGA-5' 
B)  5' -AATATT-3' 3' -TTATAA-5' 
C)  5' -AAAATT-3' 3' -TTTTAA-5' 
D)  5' -ACTACT-3' 3' -TGATGA-5'

Question 13

Animal cloning may result in premature death of the clones due to which of the following problems?

Accepted Answer

A)  use of pluripotent instead of totipotent stem cells 
B)  use of nuclear DNA as well as mtDNA 
C)  abnormal gene regulation due to variant methylation 
D)  the indefinite replication of totipotent stem cells 
A)  use of pluripotent instead of totipotent stem cells 
B)  use of nuclear DNA as well as mtDNA 
C)  abnormal gene regulation due to variant methylation 
D)  the indefinite replication of totipotent stem cells

Question 14

Use the following information to answer the question.
In an effort to produce large amounts of a eukaryotic gene product, a plasmid that contains both a eukaryotic gene of interest and an antibiotic resistant gene was constructed. A transformation was performed to attempt to insert the plasmid into the bacterium, E. coli. Which of the following describes a growth condition and culture analysis that supports the claim that plasmid has entered the E. coli bacterial cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 15

Which of the following processes helps bacterial cells protect their own DNA from restriction enzymes (endonucleases)?

Accepted Answer

A)  adding methyl groups to adenines and cytosines 
B)  using DNA ligase to seal the bacterial DNA into a closed circle 
C)  adding histones to protect the double-stranded DNA 
D)  forming "sticky ends" of bacterial DNA to prevent the enzyme (endonuclease) from attaching 
A)  adding methyl groups to adenines and cytosines 
B)  using DNA ligase to seal the bacterial DNA into a closed circle 
C)  adding histones to protect the double-stranded DNA 
D)  forming "sticky ends" of bacterial DNA to prevent the enzyme (endonuclease) from attaching

Question 16

Gene therapy requires the ability to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  isolate the defective chromosome within the nuclei of the patient's cells 
B)  introduce the normal allele into the patient 
C)  express the introduced gene at any time within the patient 
D)  remove the vector used to introduce the non-defective allele 
A)  isolate the defective chromosome within the nuclei of the patient's cells 
B)  introduce the normal allele into the patient 
C)  express the introduced gene at any time within the patient 
D)  remove the vector used to introduce the non-defective allele

Question 17

Which of the following describes how DNA microarrays have helped advance genomic studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can be used to eliminate the function of any gene in the genome. 
B)  They can be used to introduce entire genomes into bacterial cells. 
C)  They allow the expression of many or even all of the genes in the genome to be compared at once. 
D)  They allow physical maps of the genome to be assembled in a very short time. 
A)  They can be used to eliminate the function of any gene in the genome. 
B)  They can be used to introduce entire genomes into bacterial cells. 
C)  They allow the expression of many or even all of the genes in the genome to be compared at once. 
D)  They allow physical maps of the genome to be assembled in a very short time.

Question 18

Which of the following outcomes could be achieved using RNAi methodology?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction in protein produced from a gene of interest 
B)  removal of an allele in a homozygous individual 
C)  addition of a new intron within a specific RNA sequence 
D)  increased cytoplasmic concentration of a desired protein 
A)  reduction in protein produced from a gene of interest 
B)  removal of an allele in a homozygous individual 
C)  addition of a new intron within a specific RNA sequence 
D)  increased cytoplasmic concentration of a desired protein

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a biological concern regarding the use of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  The process may introduce viral sequences into the human genome leading to unwanted blood cell proliferation (leukemia). 
B)  The presence of repeated sequences (STRs) within the human genome mean that the editing cannot be targeted to a specific location. 
C)  The process was first discovered in bacteria and human cells cannot correctly interpret prokaryotic regulatory signals. 
D)  The modifications created by the process may result in unintended effects on non-target genes. 
A)  The process may introduce viral sequences into the human genome leading to unwanted blood cell proliferation (leukemia). 
B)  The presence of repeated sequences (STRs) within the human genome mean that the editing cannot be targeted to a specific location. 
C)  The process was first discovered in bacteria and human cells cannot correctly interpret prokaryotic regulatory signals. 
D)  The modifications created by the process may result in unintended effects on non-target genes.

Question 20

Which of the following statements describes a technical barrier to using gene therapy in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human cells do take up or incorporate foreign DNA into their genomes. 
B)  Cells with transferred genes are unlikely to replicate. 
C)  The expression of transferred genes may not be appropriately controlled. 
D)  mRNA from transferred genes cannot be translated. 
A)  Human cells do take up or incorporate foreign DNA into their genomes. 
B)  Cells with transferred genes are unlikely to replicate. 
C)  The expression of transferred genes may not be appropriately controlled. 
D)  mRNA from transferred genes cannot be translated.

Exam 19: Dna Technology

In DNA technology, the term vector can refer to ________.

Which of the following sequences in double-stranded DNA is most likely to be recognized as a cutting site for a restriction enzyme?

One predicted aspect of climate change is that levels of precipitation and temperature will become more variable. Given this information, which of the following describes the best strategy for genetically engineering crops?

Which of the following is an ethical question regarding the use of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in humans?

Which of the following correctly lists the processes in order for one cycle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Which of the following reasons best explains why sequencing an entire genome, such as that of C. elegans, a nematode, is important for genetic research?

In animals, what is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?

Which of the following describes a concern that has been raised regarding the use of transgenic plants to produce human proteins, like growth hormones or insulin?

Use the figure to answer the following question. The activity of which of the following enzymes would produce a molecule of DNA as represented in the figure?

Expression of a cloned eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell involves many challenges. The use of mRNA and reverse transcriptase is part of a strategy to solve the problem of ________.

Reproductive cloning of human embryos is generally considered unethical. However, on the subject of therapeutic cloning, there is a wider divergence of opinion. Which of the following statements provides the best argument in support of therapeutic cloning?

Which of the following sequences is most likely to be cut by a restriction endonuclease?

Animal cloning may result in premature death of the clones due to which of the following problems?

Which of the following processes helps bacterial cells protect their own DNA from restriction enzymes (endonucleases)?

Gene therapy requires the ability to do which of the following?

Which of the following describes how DNA microarrays have helped advance genomic studies?

Which of the following outcomes could be achieved using RNAi methodology?

Which of the following best describes a biological concern regarding the use of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in humans?

Which of the following statements describes a technical barrier to using gene therapy in humans?

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

Filters