Question 1

Which of the following is true for an emerging lateral root to function?

Accepted Answer

A)  a root cap forms from the epidermis of the original root 
B)  xylem of the new lateral root connects to the xylem of the original root 
C)  the emerging lateral root must be in front of the root hairs of the original root 
D)  the lateral root forms by secondary growth from a lateral meristem of the original root 
A)  a root cap forms from the epidermis of the original root 
B)  xylem of the new lateral root connects to the xylem of the original root 
C)  the emerging lateral root must be in front of the root hairs of the original root 
D)  the lateral root forms by secondary growth from a lateral meristem of the original root B

Question 2

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure.   Refer to the figure. A woody eudicot is represented by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  II only 
B)  III only 
C)  IV only 
D)  I and III 
A)  II only 
B)  III only 
C)  IV only 
D)  I and III C

Question 3

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cell differentiation 
B)  morphogenesis 
C)  cell division 
D)  cell elongation 
A)  cell differentiation 
B)  morphogenesis 
C)  cell division 
D)  cell elongation D

Question 4

Which of the following are water-conducting cells that are dead at functional maturity?

Accepted Answer

A)  parenchyma cells 
B)  collenchyma cells 
C)  tracheids and vessel elements 
D)  sieve-tube elements 
A)  parenchyma cells 
B)  collenchyma cells 
C)  tracheids and vessel elements 
D)  sieve-tube elements

Question 5

In a meristematic region, the cell plate during mitosis is perpendicular to the side of the stem. In what direction will the stem grow?

Accepted Answer

A)  laterally in width 
B)  vertically in height 
C)  at a 45-degree angle from the ground 
D)  away from the sun 
A)  laterally in width 
B)  vertically in height 
C)  at a 45-degree angle from the ground 
D)  away from the sun

Question 6

The following diagram is of a cross section of a plant leaf. Use the diagram to answer the question.   Which of the following is the main function associated with structure X?

Accepted Answer

A)  absorption of carbon dioxide 
B)  retention of water 
C)  collection of light 
D)  release of carbon dioxide 
A)  absorption of carbon dioxide 
B)  retention of water 
C)  collection of light 
D)  release of carbon dioxide

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the growth of most plant structures, except for flowers?

Accepted Answer

A)  perennial 
B)  weedy 
C)  indeterminate 
D)  primary 
A)  perennial 
B)  weedy 
C)  indeterminate 
D)  primary

Question 8

Which of the following is unique to the shoot apical meristem region?
I. the region of cell division
II. leaf primordia
III. cells that will give rise to the protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium

Accepted Answer

A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  I, II, and III 
A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  I, II, and III

Question 9

Suppose a flower had normal expression of genes A and C and expression of gene B in all four whorls. Based on the ABC hypothesis, what would be the structure of that flower, starting at the outermost whorl?

Accepted Answer

A)  carpel-petal-petal-carpel 
B)  petal-petal-stamen-stamen 
C)  sepal-carpel-carpel-sepal 
D)  sepal-sepal-carpel-carpel 
A)  carpel-petal-petal-carpel 
B)  petal-petal-stamen-stamen 
C)  sepal-carpel-carpel-sepal 
D)  sepal-sepal-carpel-carpel

Question 10

As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.5 
B)  1.5 
C)  3.0 
D)  15.0 
A)  0.5 
B)  1.5 
C)  3.0 
D)  15.0

Question 11

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a change in the shape of the leaves produced 
B)  the initiation of secondary growth 
C)  the formation of lateral roots 
D)  the activation of flower-inducing genes 
A)  a change in the shape of the leaves produced 
B)  the initiation of secondary growth 
C)  the formation of lateral roots 
D)  the activation of flower-inducing genes

Question 12

Which of the following biological molecules is specific to woody sclerenchyma cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose 
B)  starch 
C)  lignin 
D)  chlorophyll 
A)  cellulose 
B)  starch 
C)  lignin 
D)  chlorophyll

Question 13

Which of the following are produced by lateral meristems?

Accepted Answer

A)  dermal and ground tissues 
B)  buds and branches 
C)  pith and cortex 
D)  wood and cork 
A)  dermal and ground tissues 
B)  buds and branches 
C)  pith and cortex 
D)  wood and cork

Question 14

Which of the following structures is correctly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  sclerenchyma-supporting cells with thick secondary walls 
B)  ground meristem-protective coat of woody stems and roots 
C)  guard cells-waterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots 
D)  periderm-parenchyma cells functioning in photosynthesis in leaves 
A)  sclerenchyma-supporting cells with thick secondary walls 
B)  ground meristem-protective coat of woody stems and roots 
C)  guard cells-waterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots 
D)  periderm-parenchyma cells functioning in photosynthesis in leaves

Question 15

The following question is based on this cross section of a monocot stem.   Which of the following is NOT a pattern of vascular bundles evident in this stem?

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller vascular bundles toward the outside, larger bundles toward the center 
B)  xylem toward the outside of each bundle, phloem toward the center 
C)  vascular bundles more densely arranged toward the outside, less dense towards the center 
D)  vascular bundles arranged in concentric rings 
A)  smaller vascular bundles toward the outside, larger bundles toward the center 
B)  xylem toward the outside of each bundle, phloem toward the center 
C)  vascular bundles more densely arranged toward the outside, less dense towards the center 
D)  vascular bundles arranged in concentric rings

Question 16

The following question is based on the image below.   As this wagon passed from the middle of the Sequoia tree to the outside, what would be the order of tissues it passed through?

Accepted Answer

A)  the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark 
B)  the secondary xylem, cork cambium, phloem, and periderm 
C)  the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, newest xylem, and primary phloem 
D)  the secondary xylem, primary xylem, secondary phloem, primary phloem and vascular cambium 
A)  the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark 
B)  the secondary xylem, cork cambium, phloem, and periderm 
C)  the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, newest xylem, and primary phloem 
D)  the secondary xylem, primary xylem, secondary phloem, primary phloem and vascular cambium

Question 17

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure.   Refer to the figure. A monocot stem is represented by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  IV only 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  IV only

Question 18

Which of the following is a common feature of secondary xylem and cork cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  they are both formed from the vascular cambium 
B)  the both form on the outside of secondary phloem 
C)  they are both formed by primary meristems 
D)  they are both composed of dead cells at maturity 
A)  they are both formed from the vascular cambium 
B)  the both form on the outside of secondary phloem 
C)  they are both formed by primary meristems 
D)  they are both composed of dead cells at maturity

Question 19

Which of the following accurately describes the structure of a leaf?

Accepted Answer

A)  stomata can occur on both sides of a leaf 
B)  in a eudicot, spongy mesophyll is on the same side of the leaf as xylem in the vein 
C)  the main veins of leaves have both xylem and phloem, but smaller veins have only xylem or phloem 
D)  palisade mesophyll occurs only in monocot leaves 
A)  stomata can occur on both sides of a leaf 
B)  in a eudicot, spongy mesophyll is on the same side of the leaf as xylem in the vein 
C)  the main veins of leaves have both xylem and phloem, but smaller veins have only xylem or phloem 
D)  palisade mesophyll occurs only in monocot leaves

Question 20

Onions are monocots with certain parts adapted for storage. From which of the following plant parts is the main storage structure formed?

Accepted Answer

A)  ovary of flower 
B)  herbaceous stem 
C)  leaf sheaths 
D)  taproot 
A)  ovary of flower 
B)  herbaceous stem 
C)  leaf sheaths 
D)  taproot

Exam 35: Plant Structure and Growth

Which of the following is true for an emerging lateral root to function?

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure. Refer to the figure. A woody eudicot is represented by which of the following?

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of ________.

Which of the following are water-conducting cells that are dead at functional maturity?

In a meristematic region, the cell plate during mitosis is perpendicular to the side of the stem. In what direction will the stem grow?

The following diagram is of a cross section of a plant leaf. Use the diagram to answer the question. Which of the following is the main function associated with structure X?

Which of the following best describes the growth of most plant structures, except for flowers?

Which of the following is unique to the shoot apical meristem region? I. the region of cell division II. leaf primordia III. cells that will give rise to the protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium

Suppose a flower had normal expression of genes A and C and expression of gene B in all four whorls. Based on the ABC hypothesis, what would be the structure of that flower, starting at the outermost whorl?

As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail?

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by ________.

Which of the following biological molecules is specific to woody sclerenchyma cells?

Which of the following are produced by lateral meristems?

Which of the following structures is correctly paired with its function?

The following question is based on this cross section of a monocot stem. Which of the following is NOT a pattern of vascular bundles evident in this stem?

The following question is based on the image below. As this wagon passed from the middle of the Sequoia tree to the outside, what would be the order of tissues it passed through?

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure. Refer to the figure. A monocot stem is represented by which of the following?

Which of the following is a common feature of secondary xylem and cork cells?

Which of the following accurately describes the structure of a leaf?

Onions are monocots with certain parts adapted for storage. From which of the following plant parts is the main storage structure formed?

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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