Question 1

The vascular cambium gives rise to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  all xylem 
B)  all phloem 
C)  primary xylem and phloem 
D)  secondary xylem and phloem 
A)  all xylem 
B)  all phloem 
C)  primary xylem and phloem 
D)  secondary xylem and phloem

Question 2

The veins of leaves are best described as which of the following?
I. composed of xylem and phloem
II. continuous, with vascular bundles in the stem
III. finely branched to be in close contact with photosynthesizing cells

Accepted Answer

A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  I, II, and III 
A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  I, II, and III

Question 3

Which of the following describes an anatomical difference between roots and leaves?

Accepted Answer

A)  only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem 
B)  root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not 
C)  a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots 
D)  vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves 
A)  only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem 
B)  root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not 
C)  a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots 
D)  vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves

Question 4

Which structure is correctly paired with its tissue system?

Accepted Answer

A)  root hair-vascular tissue 
B)  guard cell-vascular tissue 
C)  companion cell-ground tissue 
D)  tracheid-vascular tissue 
A)  root hair-vascular tissue 
B)  guard cell-vascular tissue 
C)  companion cell-ground tissue 
D)  tracheid-vascular tissue

Question 5

Which of the following plant parts absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil?

Accepted Answer

A)  root cap 
B)  root hairs 
C)  taproots 
D)  storage roots 
A)  root cap 
B)  root hairs 
C)  taproots 
D)  storage roots

Question 6

Which of the following accurately describes meristematic plant cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  All tissues throughout the plant contain meristematic cells. 
B)  Meristematic cells are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells. 
C)  Meristematic cells increase the surface area of dermal tissue by developing root hairs. 
D)  Parenchyma, ground meristem, and procambium are three subdivisions of meristematic cells. 
A)  All tissues throughout the plant contain meristematic cells. 
B)  Meristematic cells are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells. 
C)  Meristematic cells increase the surface area of dermal tissue by developing root hairs. 
D)  Parenchyma, ground meristem, and procambium are three subdivisions of meristematic cells.

Question 7

Which of the following structures cannot be formed by an axillary bud?

Accepted Answer

A)  stem branch 
B)  thorn 
C)  flower 
D)  branch root 
A)  stem branch 
B)  thorn 
C)  flower 
D)  branch root

Question 8

Which of the following cell types retains the ability to undergo cell division?

Accepted Answer

A)  a meristem cell near the root tip 
B)  a functional sieve tube element 
C)  a tracheid 
D)  a stem fiber 
A)  a meristem cell near the root tip 
B)  a functional sieve tube element 
C)  a tracheid 
D)  a stem fiber

Question 9

The root pericycle is the site where ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary growth originates 
B)  root hairs originate 
C)  lateral roots originate 
D)  the endodermis originates 
A)  secondary growth originates 
B)  root hairs originate 
C)  lateral roots originate 
D)  the endodermis originates

Question 10

Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area of a leaf when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels decline is most analogous to which of the following human adaptations?

Accepted Answer

A)  breathing faster as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase 
B)  putting more red blood cells into circulation when atmospheric oxygen levels decline 
C)  removing red blood cells from circulation when atmospheric oxygen levels increase 
D)  increasing the volume of its lungs when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase 
A)  breathing faster as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase 
B)  putting more red blood cells into circulation when atmospheric oxygen levels decline 
C)  removing red blood cells from circulation when atmospheric oxygen levels increase 
D)  increasing the volume of its lungs when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase

Question 11

Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  cell division at the shoot apical meristem 
B)  cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem 
C)  cell elongation localized in each internode 
D)  cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem 
A)  cell division at the shoot apical meristem 
B)  cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem 
C)  cell elongation localized in each internode 
D)  cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem

Question 12

The following question is based on the figure below.   Which of the following must have occurred during development in the region between the root and stem circled on this diagram of an herbaceous eudicot?

Accepted Answer

A)  the endodermis in the root must convert into the epidermis of the stem 
B)  the xylem in the root must split into separate strands in the stem 
C)  each vascular bundle of the root spreads as it moves up into the stem 
D)  the parenchyma core of the root is continuous with the pith of the stem 
A)  the endodermis in the root must convert into the epidermis of the stem 
B)  the xylem in the root must split into separate strands in the stem 
C)  each vascular bundle of the root spreads as it moves up into the stem 
D)  the parenchyma core of the root is continuous with the pith of the stem

Question 13

Many ornamental roses have sepals and multiple showy petals, but lack reproductive parts. Assuming that rose development follows the ABC hypothesis, which gene is most likely to be suppressed?

Accepted Answer

A)  the A gene 
B)  the B gene 
C)  the C gene 
D)  both the B and C genes 
A)  the A gene 
B)  the B gene 
C)  the C gene 
D)  both the B and C genes

Question 14

The following question is based on the diagram of three-years-old growth in a winter twig below.   If you examined the cut surface at the base of this twig, how many growth rings should be present?

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  either two or three, depending on when secondary growth began. 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  either two or three, depending on when secondary growth began.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the zones in the primary growth of a root, moving from the root cap toward the stem?

Accepted Answer

A)  zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of differentiation 
B)  zone of differentiation, zone of elongation, zone of cell division 
C)  zone of elongation, zone of cell division, zone of differentiation 
D)  zone of cell division, zone of differentiation, zone of elongation 
A)  zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of differentiation 
B)  zone of differentiation, zone of elongation, zone of cell division 
C)  zone of elongation, zone of cell division, zone of differentiation 
D)  zone of cell division, zone of differentiation, zone of elongation

Question 16

Heartwood and sapwood consist of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  bark 
B)  periderm 
C)  secondary xylem 
D)  secondary phloem 
A)  bark 
B)  periderm 
C)  secondary xylem 
D)  secondary phloem

Question 17

A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  herbaceous eudicot 
B)  woody eudicot 
C)  woody monocot 
D)  herbaceous monocot 
A)  herbaceous eudicot 
B)  woody eudicot 
C)  woody monocot 
D)  herbaceous monocot

Question 18

Growth and development of plant parts involves which of the following processes?
I. cell division to produce new cells
II. enlargement and elongation of cells
III. specialization of cells into tissues

Accepted Answer

A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  I, II, and III 
A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  I, II, and III

Question 19

The bark of a tree trunk includes which of the following tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  heartwood and sapwood 
B)  heartwood and phloem 
C)  primary and secondary phloem 
D)  secondary phloem and layers of periderm 
A)  heartwood and sapwood 
B)  heartwood and phloem 
C)  primary and secondary phloem 
D)  secondary phloem and layers of periderm

Question 20

The following question is based on data from Northern Red Maples in the table below
 
Which data above best illustrates phenotypic plasticity in leaf "toothiness"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rhode Island Grown, Ontario Collected and Florida Grown, Florida Collected 
B)  Florida Grown, Ontario Collected and Florida Grown, Florida Collected 
C)  Rhode Island Grown, Ontario Collected and Rhode Island Grown, Florida Collected 
D)  Rhode Island Grown, Florida Collected and Florida Grown, Florida Collected 
A)  Rhode Island Grown, Ontario Collected and Florida Grown, Florida Collected 
B)  Florida Grown, Ontario Collected and Florida Grown, Florida Collected 
C)  Rhode Island Grown, Ontario Collected and Rhode Island Grown, Florida Collected 
D)  Rhode Island Grown, Florida Collected and Florida Grown, Florida Collected

Exam 35: Plant Structure and Growth

The vascular cambium gives rise to ________.

The veins of leaves are best described as which of the following? I. composed of xylem and phloem II. continuous, with vascular bundles in the stem III. finely branched to be in close contact with photosynthesizing cells

Which of the following describes an anatomical difference between roots and leaves?

Which structure is correctly paired with its tissue system?

Which of the following plant parts absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil?

Which of the following accurately describes meristematic plant cells?

Which of the following structures cannot be formed by an axillary bud?

Which of the following cell types retains the ability to undergo cell division?

The root pericycle is the site where ________.

Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area of a leaf when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels decline is most analogous to which of the following human adaptations?

Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to which of the following?

The following question is based on the figure below. Which of the following must have occurred during development in the region between the root and stem circled on this diagram of an herbaceous eudicot?

Many ornamental roses have sepals and multiple showy petals, but lack reproductive parts. Assuming that rose development follows the ABC hypothesis, which gene is most likely to be suppressed?

The following question is based on the diagram of three-years-old growth in a winter twig below. If you examined the cut surface at the base of this twig, how many growth rings should be present?

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the zones in the primary growth of a root, moving from the root cap toward the stem?

Heartwood and sapwood consist of ________.

A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?

Growth and development of plant parts involves which of the following processes? I. cell division to produce new cells II. enlargement and elongation of cells III. specialization of cells into tissues

The bark of a tree trunk includes which of the following tissues?

The following question is based on data from Northern Red Maples in the table below Which data above best illustrates phenotypic plasticity in leaf "toothiness"?

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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