Question 1

Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary xylem 
B)  leaves 
C)  trichomes 
D)  tubers 
A)  secondary xylem 
B)  leaves 
C)  trichomes 
D)  tubers

Question 2

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they?

Accepted Answer

A)  parenchyma 
B)  endodermis 
C)  collenchyma 
D)  sclerenchyma 
A)  parenchyma 
B)  endodermis 
C)  collenchyma 
D)  sclerenchyma

Question 3

Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?

Accepted Answer

A)  endodermis 
B)  phloem 
C)  epidermis 
D)  pericycle 
A)  endodermis 
B)  phloem 
C)  epidermis 
D)  pericycle

Question 4

Which of the following cells transport sugars over long distances?

Accepted Answer

A)  parenchyma cells 
B)  sclerenchyma cells 
C)  tracheids and vessel elements 
D)  sieve-tube elements 
A)  parenchyma cells 
B)  sclerenchyma cells 
C)  tracheids and vessel elements 
D)  sieve-tube elements

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil?

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip of the root 
B)  continuous cell division just behind the root cap in the center of the apical meristem 
C)  elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem 
D)  continuous cell division of root cap cells 
A)  continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip of the root 
B)  continuous cell division just behind the root cap in the center of the apical meristem 
C)  elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem 
D)  continuous cell division of root cap cells

Question 6

When is the polarity of a plant established?

Accepted Answer

A)  when the cotyledons form at the shoot end of the embryo 
B)  when the shoot-root axis is established in the embryo 
C)  when the primary root breaks through the seed coat 
D)  when the shoot first breaks through the soil into the light as the seed germinates 
A)  when the cotyledons form at the shoot end of the embryo 
B)  when the shoot-root axis is established in the embryo 
C)  when the primary root breaks through the seed coat 
D)  when the shoot first breaks through the soil into the light as the seed germinates

Question 7

An initial cell in a plant apical meristem has a cuboidal shape. Predict the orientation of microtubules beneath the cell membrane if that cell will differentiate into procambium and ultimately a xylem vessel.

Accepted Answer

A)  Microtubules are arranged randomly around the cell. 
B)  Parallel microtubules are oriented in the direction the cell will eventually expand. 
C)  Rings of microtubules are oriented in the plane the cell will eventually expand. 
D)  Rings of microtubules are oriented at right angles to the direction the cell will eventually expand. 
A)  Microtubules are arranged randomly around the cell. 
B)  Parallel microtubules are oriented in the direction the cell will eventually expand. 
C)  Rings of microtubules are oriented in the plane the cell will eventually expand. 
D)  Rings of microtubules are oriented at right angles to the direction the cell will eventually expand.

Question 8

Some understory plants in dense tropical rain forests have very large leaves. Which of the following is the most likely selective advantage of these leaves?

Accepted Answer

A)  The higher oxygen concentration on the forest floor stimulates leaf growth. 
B)  High rates of photosynthesis from these large leaves lower carbon dioxide levels in the interior of the forest. 
C)  Low light levels slow photosynthesis but increase respiration rates to provide energy necessary for leaf growth. 
D)  Increased leaf surface area maximizes light absorption for photosynthesis under low light intensity. 
A)  The higher oxygen concentration on the forest floor stimulates leaf growth. 
B)  High rates of photosynthesis from these large leaves lower carbon dioxide levels in the interior of the forest. 
C)  Low light levels slow photosynthesis but increase respiration rates to provide energy necessary for leaf growth. 
D)  Increased leaf surface area maximizes light absorption for photosynthesis under low light intensity.

Exam 35: Plant Structure and Growth

Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity?

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they?

Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?

Which of the following cells transport sugars over long distances?

Which of the following best describes the driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil?

When is the polarity of a plant established?

An initial cell in a plant apical meristem has a cuboidal shape. Predict the orientation of microtubules beneath the cell membrane if that cell will differentiate into procambium and ultimately a xylem vessel.

Some understory plants in dense tropical rain forests have very large leaves. Which of the following is the most likely selective advantage of these leaves?

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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