Exam 33: Invertebrates

Whiteflies are common pest insects found on cotton, tomato, poinsettia, and many other plants. Whitefly nymphs are translucent and mostly sessile, feeding on their host plant's phloem (sap) from the undersides of leaves. They undergo incomplete metamorphosis into winged adults. Because whitefly nymphs cannot escape predation by moving, you hypothesize that their translucent bodies make them hard to spot by predators. Which experimental approach is best for testing your hypothesis?

Which of the following characteristics of parasites explains how parasitism has become so widespread among living organisms?

The presences of which of the following anatomicals would best distinguish a gastropod from a chiton?

Which of the following statements describes how healthy corals appear brightly colored?

The crown-of-thorns sea star, Acanthaster planci, preys on the flesh of live coral. If coral animals are attacked by these sea stars, then what part of the coral actually provides nutrition to the sea star?

Use the following information to answer the question. Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various extensions on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many chemoreceptors. Dorsal plumules, usually located posteriorly, perform respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal surface and contain nematocysts at their tips. The antennae of insects have a function most similar to that of ________.

Which of the following feeding strategies is most likely to be used by aquatic organisms?

A land snail, a clam, and an octopus all share ________.

Which of the following statements describes sponges?

A terrestrial animal species is discovered with the following larval characteristics: exoskeleton, system of tubes for gas exchange, and modified segmentation. What other characteristic is most likely present in this organism?

Which of the following adaptations led to an explosion in insect evolution?

Which of the following senses would be most directly affected by removing or damaging an insect's antennae?

Which of the following characteristics is shared by both cnidarians and flatworms?

Which of the following organisms uses a lophophore for feeding?

You are a research chemist who wishes to develop a chemical adhesive that will work under water. Which of the following organisms would give you the best clue about where to start?

Which of the following statements applies to both nematodes and arthropods?

Which of the following combinations correctly matches a phylum to its description?

The phylum Cycliophora includes tiny organisms that live in large numbers on the outsides of the mouthparts and appendages of lobsters. The feeding stage permanently attaches to the lobster via an adhesive disk and collects scraps of food from its host's feeding by capturing the scraps in a current created by a ring of cilia. The body is saclike and has a U-shaped intestine that brings the anus close to the mouth. Cycliophorans have a coelom, do not molt (though their host does), and their embryos undergo spiral cleavage. Based on the information provided, to which clades should cycliophorans belong?

Our understanding of many of the evolutionary relationships among animals changed after those phylogenies were based on morphological and molecular data (as opposed to only using morphological data).What do these changes indicate?

While sampling marine plankton in a lab, a student encounters large numbers of fertilized eggs. The student rears some of the eggs in the laboratory for further study and finds that the blastopore becomes the mouth. The embryo develops into a trochophore larva and eventually has a coelom and a hemocoel. To which group of organisms did these eggs likely belong?