Exam 27: Prokaryotes

Which of the following traits do archaeans and eukaryotes have in common?

The thermoacidophile Sulfolobus acidocaldarius is an archaean organism that can tolerate environments that are high in temperature and low in pH. It lacks peptidoglycan, but still possesses a cell wall. Which of the following statements is likely to be an accurate description of this species?

Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic that targets prokaryotic ribosomes, but not eukaryotic ribosomes. Based on an understanding of eukaryotic origins, which of these questions might be a target for research on chloramphenicol from this observation?

Broad-spectrum antibiotics inhibit the growth of most intestinal bacteria. Consequently, assuming that nothing is done to counter the reduction of intestinal bacteria, a hospital patient who is receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics is most likely to exhibit which of the following characteristics?

The following question refers to the figure. In this eight-year experiment, a population of E. coli, begun from a single cell, was grown in low-glucose conditions for 20,000 generations. Each culture was introduced to fresh growth medium every 24 hours. Occasionally, samples were removed from the population, and its ability to survive in low-glucose conditions was tested against that of members sampled from the ancestral E. coli population. E.coli cells typically make most of their ATP by metabolizing glucose. Under the conditions of this experiment, how would E. coli generation times in the experimental lines and low-glucose conditions be described?

Which of the following statements correctly describes a process by which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?

The CRISPR-Cas system helps some prokaryotes defend against infection by viruses. Which of the following statements correctly describes how this system works?

Which of the following types of pathogenic prokaryotes cause cholera?

Which of the following structures is most likely missing in a bacterium that regenerates from an endospore lacking any of the plasmids from the original cell?

Which of the following statements correctly describes F- cells and F+ cells?

Which statement about the domain Archaea is accurate?

Most ecosystems on Earth rely on sunlight as the primary energy source for the synthesis of organic compounds that living organisms need. Sunlight does not penetrate deep enough in the ocean to provide energy for organisms living near hydrothermal vents. How can these densely populated communities survive without energy from the sun?

Jams, jellies, preserves, honey, and other foods with high sugar content hardly ever become contaminated by bacteria, even when the food containers are left open at room temperature. Which of the following statements best explains the inability of bacteria to survive in such an environment?

In which part of a bacterium is the complete chromosome found?

A fish that has been salt-cured subsequently develops a reddish color. You suspect that the fish has been contaminated by the extreme halophile Halobacterium. Which of these features of cells removed from the surface of the fish would support your suspicion?

A type of bacteria colonizes on the surface of a leaf, where it obtains nutrition from the leaf's nonliving, waxy covering without harming the plant, and inhibits the growth of other microbes that are plant pathogens. If this bacteria gains access to the inside of a leaf, however, it causes a fatal disease in the plant. Once the plant dies, the bacterium and its offspring decompose the plant. What is the correct sequence of ecological roles played by the bacterium in the situation described here?

Which of the following processes leads to genetic recombination by the introduction of viral DNA into a bacterium?

The following table depicts characteristics of five prokaryotic species (1-5). Use the information in the table to answer the question. Which species most likely includes cells that are Hfr cells?

The following table depicts characteristics of five prokaryotic species (1-5). Use the information in the table to answer the following question. Which two species contain more cytoplasmic phospholipid membranes than the others?

Use the following information and graph to answer the question. The figure depicts changes to the amount of DNA present in a recipient cell that is engaged in conjugation with an Hfr cell. Hfr cell DNA begins entering the recipient cell at time A. Assume that a fragment of the recipient cell's chromosome is exchanged for a homologous fragment from the Hfr cell's DNA. Which of the following processes is responsible for the shape of the curve at time B?