Question 1

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  many cells fused together 
B)  intercalated discs 
C)  spindle-shaped cells with a single nucleus 
D)  striations with sarcomeres 
A)  many cells fused together 
B)  intercalated discs 
C)  spindle-shaped cells with a single nucleus 
D)  striations with sarcomeres C

Question 2

Which of the following structural features of the digestive system improves the efficiency of exchange of energy and materials with the environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  more branching or folds 
B)  increased thickness 
C)  larger cells 
D)  decreased blood supply 
A)  more branching or folds 
B)  increased thickness 
C)  larger cells 
D)  decreased blood supply A

Question 3

Which daily quantity is the least reliable indicator of an animal's metabolic rate, independent of whether an organism is an endotherm or ectoderm?

Accepted Answer

A)  food eaten 
B)  heat generated 
C)  oxygen used in mitochondria 
D)  water consumed 
A)  food eaten 
B)  heat generated 
C)  oxygen used in mitochondria 
D)  water consumed D

Question 4

What tissue lines most exchange surfaces of multicellular animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  connective tissue 
B)  smooth muscle 
C)  neural tissue 
D)  epithelial tissue 
A)  connective tissue 
B)  smooth muscle 
C)  neural tissue 
D)  epithelial tissue

Question 5

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of connective tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  little space between the membranes of adjacent cells 
B)  the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses 
C)  the ability to shorten upon stimulation 
D)  relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix 
A)  little space between the membranes of adjacent cells 
B)  the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses 
C)  the ability to shorten upon stimulation 
D)  relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix

Question 6

You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature. How do you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?

Accepted Answer

A)  You know from its high and stable body temperature that it must be an endotherm. 
B)  You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab and find that its body temperature and metabolic rate change with the ambient temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm. 
C)  You note that its environment has a high and stable temperature. Because its body temperature matches the environmental temperature, you conclude that it is an ectotherm. 
D)  You measure the metabolic rate of the reptile, and because it is higher than that of a related species that lives in temperate forests, you conclude that this reptile is an endotherm and its relative is an ectotherm. 
A)  You know from its high and stable body temperature that it must be an endotherm. 
B)  You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab and find that its body temperature and metabolic rate change with the ambient temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm. 
C)  You note that its environment has a high and stable temperature. Because its body temperature matches the environmental temperature, you conclude that it is an ectotherm. 
D)  You measure the metabolic rate of the reptile, and because it is higher than that of a related species that lives in temperate forests, you conclude that this reptile is an endotherm and its relative is an ectotherm.

Question 7

Use the model of circulation in the leg of a Canada goose to answer the following question.   Which of the following is the best interpretation of the model?

Accepted Answer

A)  that warmer arterial blood can bypass the legs as needed, when the legs are too cold to function well 
B)  that warmer venous blood transfers heat to the cooler arterial blood 
C)  that warmer arterial blood transfers heat to the cooler venous blood 
D)  that arterial blood is always cooler in the abdomen, compared to the temperature of the venous blood in the feet of the goose 
A)  that warmer arterial blood can bypass the legs as needed, when the legs are too cold to function well 
B)  that warmer venous blood transfers heat to the cooler arterial blood 
C)  that warmer arterial blood transfers heat to the cooler venous blood 
D)  that arterial blood is always cooler in the abdomen, compared to the temperature of the venous blood in the feet of the goose

Question 8

Use the model of circulation in the leg of a Canada goose to answer the following question.   The countercurrent arrangement of blood vessels is an adaptation that allows the goose to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  minimize heat exchange between the feet and water 
B)  generate heat using shivering thermogenesis 
C)  more effectively cool off the goose in the summer 
D)  conserve heat in the goose's core when the goose is swimming in cold water 
A)  minimize heat exchange between the feet and water 
B)  generate heat using shivering thermogenesis 
C)  more effectively cool off the goose in the summer 
D)  conserve heat in the goose's core when the goose is swimming in cold water

Question 9

Which of the following organisms is most likely to have the highest total annual energy expenditure per unit mass?

Accepted Answer

A)  elephant 
B)  horse 
C)  human 
D)  mouse 
A)  elephant 
B)  horse 
C)  human 
D)  mouse

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of nervous system signals?

Accepted Answer

A)  They allow gradual changes to take place in the body. 
B)  They travel quickly throughout the body. 
C)  They usually impact the entire body. 
D)  They require a voltage change to be transmitted. 
A)  They allow gradual changes to take place in the body. 
B)  They travel quickly throughout the body. 
C)  They usually impact the entire body. 
D)  They require a voltage change to be transmitted.

Question 11

Which of the following properties are displayed by cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  striated appearance and presence of intercalated disks 
B)  smooth appearance and under voluntary control 
C)  striated appearance and under voluntary control 
D)  smooth appearance and presence of intercalated disks 
A)  striated appearance and presence of intercalated disks 
B)  smooth appearance and under voluntary control 
C)  striated appearance and under voluntary control 
D)  smooth appearance and presence of intercalated disks

Question 12

To study circadian rhythms in European hamsters, researchers measured mRNA levels for two clock genes (Per2 and Bmal1) in individuals who were not hibernating, and therefore had normal body temperature and individuals who were hibernating, and therefore had lower-than-normal body temperature. Both sets of individuals were kept in total darkness. The results are shown in the figure. Which statement is best supported using the data?

Accepted Answer

A)  At night, during euthermia, there is more Per2 RNA in the hamster than Bmal1 RNA. 
B)  During hibernation, the clock genes are regulated differently than during euthermia. 
C)  The Bmal1 gene is only expressed at night during hibernation. 
D)  The metabolic rate of the hamsters increased during hibernation. 
A)  At night, during euthermia, there is more Per2 RNA in the hamster than Bmal1 RNA. 
B)  During hibernation, the clock genes are regulated differently than during euthermia. 
C)  The Bmal1 gene is only expressed at night during hibernation. 
D)  The metabolic rate of the hamsters increased during hibernation.

Question 13

Blood is best classified as connective tissue because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix 
B)  it contains more than one type of cell 
C)  its cells can move from place to place 
D)  it is found within all the organs of the body 
A)  its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix 
B)  it contains more than one type of cell 
C)  its cells can move from place to place 
D)  it is found within all the organs of the body

Question 14

Which of the following animals most likely uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  a marine jelly (an invertebrate) living deep in the ocean 
B)  a snake in a tropical forest 
C)  a shark swimming in the open ocean 
D)  a bird living year-round in a desert 
A)  a marine jelly (an invertebrate) living deep in the ocean 
B)  a snake in a tropical forest 
C)  a shark swimming in the open ocean 
D)  a bird living year-round in a desert

Question 15

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  less surface area 
B)  less surface area per unit of volume 
C)  the same surface-area-to-volume ratio 
D)  a smaller cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio 
A)  less surface area 
B)  less surface area per unit of volume 
C)  the same surface-area-to-volume ratio 
D)  a smaller cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio

Question 16

Which of the following increases the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  feathers or fur 
B)  vasoconstriction 
C)  wind blowing across the body surface 
D)  a blubber or fat layer 
A)  feathers or fur 
B)  vasoconstriction 
C)  wind blowing across the body surface 
D)  a blubber or fat layer

Question 17

The panting responses observed in overheated birds and mammals dissipate heat loss by what process?

Accepted Answer

A)  countercurrent exchange 
B)  acclimation 
C)  vasoconstriction 
D)  evaporation 
A)  countercurrent exchange 
B)  acclimation 
C)  vasoconstriction 
D)  evaporation

Question 18

Elephants can often be observed using their trunks to spray water over their bodies, which cools them. What type of heat exchange does this process promote?

Accepted Answer

A)  conduction 
B)  convection 
C)  radiation 
D)  evaporation 
A)  conduction 
B)  convection 
C)  radiation 
D)  evaporation

Question 19

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  feathers or fur 
B)  vasoconstriction 
C)  wind blowing across the body surface 
D)  countercurrent heat exchanger 
A)  feathers or fur 
B)  vasoconstriction 
C)  wind blowing across the body surface 
D)  countercurrent heat exchanger

Question 20

Measuring which of the following amounts would most accurately determine the metabolic rate of an animal?

Accepted Answer

A)  the work done by an animal 
B)  the food consumed during a meal 
C)  the carbon dioxide produced by an animal in a given time. 
D)  the energy used by an animal in a given time 
A)  the work done by an animal 
B)  the food consumed during a meal 
C)  the carbon dioxide produced by an animal in a given time. 
D)  the energy used by an animal in a given time

Exam 40: The Animal Body

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of smooth muscle?

Which of the following structural features of the digestive system improves the efficiency of exchange of energy and materials with the environment?

Which daily quantity is the least reliable indicator of an animal's metabolic rate, independent of whether an organism is an endotherm or ectoderm?

What tissue lines most exchange surfaces of multicellular animals?

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of connective tissues?

You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature. How do you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?

Use the model of circulation in the leg of a Canada goose to answer the following question. Which of the following is the best interpretation of the model?

Use the model of circulation in the leg of a Canada goose to answer the following question. The countercurrent arrangement of blood vessels is an adaptation that allows the goose to ________.

Which of the following organisms is most likely to have the highest total annual energy expenditure per unit mass?

Which of the following is a characteristic of nervous system signals?

Which of the following properties are displayed by cardiac muscle cells?

Blood is best classified as connective tissue because ________.

Which of the following animals most likely uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has ________.

Which of the following increases the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

The panting responses observed in overheated birds and mammals dissipate heat loss by what process?

Elephants can often be observed using their trunks to spray water over their bodies, which cools them. What type of heat exchange does this process promote?

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

Measuring which of the following amounts would most accurately determine the metabolic rate of an animal?

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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