Question 1

Which of the following animals uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  marine jelly (an invertebrate) 
B)  snake in a temperate forest 
C)  desert insect 
D)  desert bird 
A)  marine jelly (an invertebrate) 
B)  snake in a temperate forest 
C)  desert insect 
D)  desert bird

Question 2

Which of the following statements best explains the similarity in the body form of penguins, seals, and tuna?

Accepted Answer

A)  All of the organisms needed to develop similar body shapes so they could swim. 
B)  All of their bodies have been compressed since birth by intensive underwater pressures. 
C)  Their shapes are the result of convergent evolution, which reduces drag while swimming. 
D)  This is the only shape that will allow them to maintain a constant body temperature in water. 
A)  All of the organisms needed to develop similar body shapes so they could swim. 
B)  All of their bodies have been compressed since birth by intensive underwater pressures. 
C)  Their shapes are the result of convergent evolution, which reduces drag while swimming. 
D)  This is the only shape that will allow them to maintain a constant body temperature in water.

Question 3

Which is the name of the epithelial cell surface that faces the outside of an organ?

Accepted Answer

A)  apical 
B)  basal 
C)  interstitial 
D)  lumen 
A)  apical 
B)  basal 
C)  interstitial 
D)  lumen

Question 4

Which of the following options correctly lists three evolutionary adaptations that help some animals directly exchange matter between the cells of their body and the environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  a gastrovascular cavity, a body with two tissue layers, and a torpedo-like body shape 
B)  an external respiratory surface, a small body size, and a two-cell-layered body 
C)  a large body volume, a long, tubular body, and thin covering 
D)  an unbranched internal surface, a small body size, and thick covering 
A)  a gastrovascular cavity, a body with two tissue layers, and a torpedo-like body shape 
B)  an external respiratory surface, a small body size, and a two-cell-layered body 
C)  a large body volume, a long, tubular body, and thin covering 
D)  an unbranched internal surface, a small body size, and thick covering

Question 5

Which characteristic is most likely for an epithelium that is specialized for passive diffusion of materials from one fluid-filled compartment to another?

Accepted Answer

A)  a single layer of flattened cells 
B)  many layers of cells stacked together 
C)  large, cube-shaped cells 
D)  loosely connected cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix 
A)  a single layer of flattened cells 
B)  many layers of cells stacked together 
C)  large, cube-shaped cells 
D)  loosely connected cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system?

Accepted Answer

A)  the core body temperature of a runner rises gradually from 37°C to 45°C 
B)  the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise 
C)  a blood cell shrinks when placed in a solution of salt and water 
D)  the blood pressure increases in response to an increase in blood volume 
A)  the core body temperature of a runner rises gradually from 37°C to 45°C 
B)  the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise 
C)  a blood cell shrinks when placed in a solution of salt and water 
D)  the blood pressure increases in response to an increase in blood volume

Question 7

Use the graph to answer the following question.   Which of the following statements is most consistent from the data in the graph?

Accepted Answer

A)  A smaller animal would consume less food per gram of tissue. 
B)  A smaller animal would consume more food per gram of tissue. 
C)  An elephant uses more energy than a shrew. 
D)  A shrew uses more energy than an elephant. 
A)  A smaller animal would consume less food per gram of tissue. 
B)  A smaller animal would consume more food per gram of tissue. 
C)  An elephant uses more energy than a shrew. 
D)  A shrew uses more energy than an elephant.

Question 8

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  less surface area 
B)  less surface area per unit of volume 
C)  a smaller average distance between its mitochondria and the external source of oxygen 
D)  a smaller cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio 
A)  less surface area 
B)  less surface area per unit of volume 
C)  a smaller average distance between its mitochondria and the external source of oxygen 
D)  a smaller cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio

Question 9

The use of brown fat to generate metabolic heat is mostly limited to small mammals. Which characteristic of small mammals created the selective pressure that favored the use of brown fat to generate metabolic heat?

Accepted Answer

A)  Small mammals cannot grow enough fur to insulate their bodies. 
B)  Small mammals have a large surface area to volume ratio, which allows rapid heat loss. 
C)  Small mammals do not have enough muscle to generate heat by shivering. 
D)  Small mammals have lost their brown fat through the course of their evolution. 
A)  Small mammals cannot grow enough fur to insulate their bodies. 
B)  Small mammals have a large surface area to volume ratio, which allows rapid heat loss. 
C)  Small mammals do not have enough muscle to generate heat by shivering. 
D)  Small mammals have lost their brown fat through the course of their evolution.

Question 10

If a person travels to a time zone that was several hours ahead of their own, they may experience tiredness known as jet lag. Jet lag is due to a disruption of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  homeostasis 
B)  circadian rhythm 
C)  body temperature 
D)  nerve impulses 
A)  homeostasis 
B)  circadian rhythm 
C)  body temperature 
D)  nerve impulses

Question 11

Which type of muscle directly helps move food along the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac muscle 
B)  smooth muscle 
C)  striated muscle 
D)  skeletal muscle 
A)  cardiac muscle 
B)  smooth muscle 
C)  striated muscle 
D)  skeletal muscle

Question 12

In mammals, growth hormone is an endocrine signaling molecule that stimulates repair and growth of various tissues. Which of the following is required for a tissue to respond to growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of a growth hormone receptor 
B)  the tissue must be muscle 
C)  neurons must connect with the tissue 
D)  a change in membrane potential must occur 
A)  the presence of a growth hormone receptor 
B)  the tissue must be muscle 
C)  neurons must connect with the tissue 
D)  a change in membrane potential must occur

Question 13

An animal's inputs of energy and materials would exceed its outputs ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  if the animal is an endotherm, which must always take in more energy because of its high metabolic rate 
B)  if it is actively foraging for food 
C)  if it is growing and increasing its mass 
D)  never; due to homeostasis, these energy and material budgets always balance 
A)  if the animal is an endotherm, which must always take in more energy because of its high metabolic rate 
B)  if it is actively foraging for food 
C)  if it is growing and increasing its mass 
D)  never; due to homeostasis, these energy and material budgets always balance

Question 14

Which of the following changes to the shape of a cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pinch the edges of the cube into small folds. 
B)  Flatten the cube into a pancake shape. 
C)  Round the clay up into a sphere. 
D)  Stretch the cube into a long, shoebox shape. 
A)  Pinch the edges of the cube into small folds. 
B)  Flatten the cube into a pancake shape. 
C)  Round the clay up into a sphere. 
D)  Stretch the cube into a long, shoebox shape.

Question 15

The migratory eel, Anguilla rostrata, lives as a juvenile in fresh water, but then migrates through the ocean as an adult. Which of the following adaptations would facilitate the transition from fresh water to salt water?

Accepted Answer

A)  the juvenile eels being better at removing salt from their bodies compared to adults 
B)  the adult eels being better at removing salt from their bodies compared to juveniles 
C)  the juvenile eels spending energy keeping water in their bodies 
D)  the adult eels spending energy keeping salt in their bodies 
A)  the juvenile eels being better at removing salt from their bodies compared to adults 
B)  the adult eels being better at removing salt from their bodies compared to juveniles 
C)  the juvenile eels spending energy keeping water in their bodies 
D)  the adult eels spending energy keeping salt in their bodies

Question 16

Which of the following options best describes the structure of bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  a mixture of hardened collagen and minerals. 
B)  chondroitin sulfate secreted by chondrocytes. 
C)  many columnar epithelial cells packed together. 
D)  hardened fibrous connective tissue. 
A)  a mixture of hardened collagen and minerals. 
B)  chondroitin sulfate secreted by chondrocytes. 
C)  many columnar epithelial cells packed together. 
D)  hardened fibrous connective tissue.

Question 17

The BMR of José, an adult human male, is approximately 1,800 kcal/day. Suppose that José ate 2,400 kcal of food in one day and that walking at a slow pace "burns" approximately 150 kcal per hour. How many hours would José have to walk to have a net zero energy gain for the day?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 hour 
B)  2 hours 
C)  3 hours 
D)  4 hours 
A)  1 hour 
B)  2 hours 
C)  3 hours 
D)  4 hours

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true regarding the impact of the environment on snake behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  In cold weather, a snake is less active because the food supply is decreased. 
B)  In dry climates, a snake is less active because there is less moisture in the air. 
C)  In wet climates, a snake is more active because it does not lose as much heat via evaporation. 
D)  In hot weather, a snake is more active because it can gain body heat by conduction. 
A)  In cold weather, a snake is less active because the food supply is decreased. 
B)  In dry climates, a snake is less active because there is less moisture in the air. 
C)  In wet climates, a snake is more active because it does not lose as much heat via evaporation. 
D)  In hot weather, a snake is more active because it can gain body heat by conduction.

Question 19

Which statement is true about how standard metabolic rate (SMR) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) are measured?

Accepted Answer

A)  SMR is measured during exercise, whereas BMR is measured at rest. 
B)  SMR is measured only for vertebrates, whereas BMR is measured only for invertebrates. 
C)  SMR and BMR are measured across a wide range of temperatures for a given species. 
D)  SMR and BMR are measured in animals in a resting and fasting state. 
A)  SMR is measured during exercise, whereas BMR is measured at rest. 
B)  SMR is measured only for vertebrates, whereas BMR is measured only for invertebrates. 
C)  SMR and BMR are measured across a wide range of temperatures for a given species. 
D)  SMR and BMR are measured in animals in a resting and fasting state.

Question 20

A researcher is setting up an experiment to measure basal metabolic rate in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster-a small rodent). Which of the following would be the best set of conditions for the voles immediately before and during the measurement?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Exam 40: The Animal Body

Which of the following animals uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

Which of the following statements best explains the similarity in the body form of penguins, seals, and tuna?

Which is the name of the epithelial cell surface that faces the outside of an organ?

Which of the following options correctly lists three evolutionary adaptations that help some animals directly exchange matter between the cells of their body and the environment?

Which characteristic is most likely for an epithelium that is specialized for passive diffusion of materials from one fluid-filled compartment to another?

Which of the following is an example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system?

Use the graph to answer the following question. Which of the following statements is most consistent from the data in the graph?

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has ________.

The use of brown fat to generate metabolic heat is mostly limited to small mammals. Which characteristic of small mammals created the selective pressure that favored the use of brown fat to generate metabolic heat?

If a person travels to a time zone that was several hours ahead of their own, they may experience tiredness known as jet lag. Jet lag is due to a disruption of ________.

Which type of muscle directly helps move food along the digestive tract?

In mammals, growth hormone is an endocrine signaling molecule that stimulates repair and growth of various tissues. Which of the following is required for a tissue to respond to growth hormone?

An animal's inputs of energy and materials would exceed its outputs ________.

Which of the following changes to the shape of a cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume?

The migratory eel, Anguilla rostrata, lives as a juvenile in fresh water, but then migrates through the ocean as an adult. Which of the following adaptations would facilitate the transition from fresh water to salt water?

Which of the following options best describes the structure of bone?

The BMR of José, an adult human male, is approximately 1,800 kcal/day. Suppose that José ate 2,400 kcal of food in one day and that walking at a slow pace "burns" approximately 150 kcal per hour. How many hours would José have to walk to have a net zero energy gain for the day?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the impact of the environment on snake behavior?

Which statement is true about how standard metabolic rate (SMR) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) are measured?

A researcher is setting up an experiment to measure basal metabolic rate in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster-a small rodent). Which of the following would be the best set of conditions for the voles immediately before and during the measurement?

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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