Question 1

Which of the following modified roots has a similar function as prop roots?

Accepted Answer

A)  strangler roots 
B)  buttress roots 
C)  storage roots 
D)  pneumatophores 
A)  strangler roots 
B)  buttress roots 
C)  storage roots 
D)  pneumatophores

Question 2

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure.   Refer to the figure. Which of the following represents a plant at least three years old?

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  IV only 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  IV only

Question 3

Which of the following cell types have unevenly thickened primary walls that support young, growing parts of the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  parenchyma cells 
B)  collenchyma cells 
C)  sclerenchyma cells 
D)  tracheids and vessel elements 
A)  parenchyma cells 
B)  collenchyma cells 
C)  sclerenchyma cells 
D)  tracheids and vessel elements

Question 4

Which of the following arise(s), directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary xylem 
B)  leaves 
C)  dermal tissue 
D)  all of the above 
A)  secondary xylem 
B)  leaves 
C)  dermal tissue 
D)  all of the above

Question 5

A strawberry plant mutant that fails to make stolons would suffer from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  too little mineral absorption 
B)  a tendency to topple over 
C)  too little water absorption 
D)  a reduction in asexual reproduction 
A)  too little mineral absorption 
B)  a tendency to topple over 
C)  too little water absorption 
D)  a reduction in asexual reproduction

Question 6

A plant that grows one year, without flowering, and then grows again the following year and produces flowers before it dies is described as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  an annual 
B)  a biennial 
C)  a perennial 
D)  not very fit 
A)  an annual 
B)  a biennial 
C)  a perennial 
D)  not very fit

Question 7

Apical meristems of dicots are at the tips of stems and the leaves have determinate growth. Apical meristems of grasses are at ground level, or slightly below, and the leaves have indeterminate growth from meristems at the base of each leaf. What does this mean when considering care of a lawn or soccer field?

Accepted Answer

A)  If you mow one inch above ground level, most apical meristems are removed and cut leaves will stop growing. 
B)  If you mow one inch above ground level, most apical meristems are removed but cut leaves can keep growing. 
C)  If you mow one inch above ground level, apical meristems can continue to produce new leaves and cut leaves can continue growing. 
D)  Grass mowed two inches above ground level stops cut leaves from growing but new leaves are produced at a faster rate. 
A)  If you mow one inch above ground level, most apical meristems are removed and cut leaves will stop growing. 
B)  If you mow one inch above ground level, most apical meristems are removed but cut leaves can keep growing. 
C)  If you mow one inch above ground level, apical meristems can continue to produce new leaves and cut leaves can continue growing. 
D)  Grass mowed two inches above ground level stops cut leaves from growing but new leaves are produced at a faster rate.

Question 8

Which of the following can be used to determine a twig's age?

Accepted Answer

A)  number of apical bud scar rings 
B)  number of leaf scars 
C)  number and arrangement of axillary buds 
D)  length of internodes 
A)  number of apical bud scar rings 
B)  number of leaf scars 
C)  number and arrangement of axillary buds 
D)  length of internodes

Question 9

What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree?

Accepted Answer

A)  primary xylem 
B)  secondary xylem 
C)  secondary phloem 
D)  vascular cambium 
A)  primary xylem 
B)  secondary xylem 
C)  secondary phloem 
D)  vascular cambium

Question 10

The image below is a cross section through a young root tip with a layer of root cap cells surrounding the developing epidermis and interior tissues. The darker epidermal cells are stained to express the homeotic gene GLABRA-2. Which of the following best predicts what will be the appearance of this part of the mature root?

Accepted Answer

A)  The epidermis will lack root hairs. 
B)  Only the stained epidermal cells will develop root hairs. 
C)  Only the unstained cells will develop root hairs. 
D)  Every epidermal cell will develop a root hair. 
A)  The epidermis will lack root hairs. 
B)  Only the stained epidermal cells will develop root hairs. 
C)  Only the unstained cells will develop root hairs. 
D)  Every epidermal cell will develop a root hair.

Question 11

Which of the following structures is a modified horizontal shoot growing along the soil surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  rhizome 
B)  tuber 
C)  stolon 
D)  rhizoid 
A)  rhizome 
B)  tuber 
C)  stolon 
D)  rhizoid

Question 12

Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  vascular cambium 
B)  apical meristem 
C)  endodermis 
D)  xylem 
A)  vascular cambium 
B)  apical meristem 
C)  endodermis 
D)  xylem

Question 13

You find a plant unfamiliar to you and observe that it has vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem cross section. What should you conclude about the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an herbaceous eudicot. 
B)  It will produce annual rings of wood. 
C)  It is a monocot. 
D)  It has begun secondary growth. 
A)  It is an herbaceous eudicot. 
B)  It will produce annual rings of wood. 
C)  It is a monocot. 
D)  It has begun secondary growth.

Question 14

Root apical meristems are found ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  only in taproots 
B)  only in lateral roots 
C)  only in adventitious roots 
D)  in all roots 
A)  only in taproots 
B)  only in lateral roots 
C)  only in adventitious roots 
D)  in all roots

Question 15

The following diagram is of a cross section of a plant leaf. Use the diagram to answer the question.   Which of the following is the main function associated with structure Y?

Accepted Answer

A)  absorption of carbon dioxide 
B)  absorption of water 
C)  collection of light 
D)  release of carbon dioxide 
A)  absorption of carbon dioxide 
B)  absorption of water 
C)  collection of light 
D)  release of carbon dioxide

Question 16

The following question is based on the figure below.   In the diagram above, the dark "dots" represent axillary buds. Which diagram illustrates a compound leaf?

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  both II and III 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  both II and III

Question 17

Which of the following tissues or cell types are always present in a monocot stem?

Accepted Answer

A)  pith in the center of the stem 
B)  endodermis around the vascular tissue 
C)  ground tissue beneath the epidermis 
D)  xylem and phloem in separate vascular bundles 
A)  pith in the center of the stem 
B)  endodermis around the vascular tissue 
C)  ground tissue beneath the epidermis 
D)  xylem and phloem in separate vascular bundles

Question 18

Where is primary growth occurring in an old tree?

Accepted Answer

A)  closest to ground level at the base of the tree 
B)  in young branches where leaves are forming 
C)  where the vascular cambium and cork cambium are located 
D)  Nowhere; trees more than a year old have only secondary growth. 
A)  closest to ground level at the base of the tree 
B)  in young branches where leaves are forming 
C)  where the vascular cambium and cork cambium are located 
D)  Nowhere; trees more than a year old have only secondary growth.

Question 19

What is a consequence of monocot vascular bundles not having a vascular cambium between the xylem and phloem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monocots are not very efficient at conducting water and sugars. 
B)  The stems of monocots are very thin stems. 
C)  Monocots have no secondary growth. 
D)  Monocots cannot produce lateral shoots. 
A)  Monocots are not very efficient at conducting water and sugars. 
B)  The stems of monocots are very thin stems. 
C)  Monocots have no secondary growth. 
D)  Monocots cannot produce lateral shoots.

Question 20

The innermost layer of the root cortex is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  core 
B)  pericycle 
C)  endodermis 
D)  pith 
A)  core 
B)  pericycle 
C)  endodermis 
D)  pith

Exam 35: Plant Structure and Growth

Which of the following modified roots has a similar function as prop roots?

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure. Refer to the figure. Which of the following represents a plant at least three years old?

Which of the following cell types have unevenly thickened primary walls that support young, growing parts of the plant?

Which of the following arise(s), directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?

A strawberry plant mutant that fails to make stolons would suffer from ________.

A plant that grows one year, without flowering, and then grows again the following year and produces flowers before it dies is described as which of the following?

Which of the following can be used to determine a twig's age?

What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree?

Which of the following structures is a modified horizontal shoot growing along the soil surface?

Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells?

You find a plant unfamiliar to you and observe that it has vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem cross section. What should you conclude about the plant?

Root apical meristems are found ________.

The following diagram is of a cross section of a plant leaf. Use the diagram to answer the question. Which of the following is the main function associated with structure Y?

The following question is based on the figure below. In the diagram above, the dark "dots" represent axillary buds. Which diagram illustrates a compound leaf?

Which of the following tissues or cell types are always present in a monocot stem?

Where is primary growth occurring in an old tree?

What is a consequence of monocot vascular bundles not having a vascular cambium between the xylem and phloem?

The innermost layer of the root cortex is the ________.

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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