Question 1

The evolution of a vascular system in plants allowed which of the following characteristics and process to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased height, improved competition for water, and increased spore dispersal distances 
B)  increased height, improved competition for light, and increased spore dispersal distances 
C)  decreased height, improved competition for light, and decreased spore dispersal distances 
D)  decreased height, improved competition for water, and decreased spore dispersal distances 
A)  increased height, improved competition for water, and increased spore dispersal distances 
B)  increased height, improved competition for light, and increased spore dispersal distances 
C)  decreased height, improved competition for light, and decreased spore dispersal distances 
D)  decreased height, improved competition for water, and decreased spore dispersal distances

Question 2

Based on the plant fossil record, which of these events likely occurred most recently?

Accepted Answer

A)  extensive growth of gymnosperm forests 
B)  colonization of land by early liverworts and mosses 
C)  rise and diversification of angiosperms 
D)  carboniferous swamps with giant horsetails and lycophytes 
A)  extensive growth of gymnosperm forests 
B)  colonization of land by early liverworts and mosses 
C)  rise and diversification of angiosperms 
D)  carboniferous swamps with giant horsetails and lycophytes

Question 3

Which of the following statements is correct regarding stomata?

Accepted Answer

A)  They occur in all plants and define them as a monophyletic group. 
B)  They open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss. 
C)  They occur in all plants and are the same as pores. 
D)  They open to increase both water absorption and gas exchange. 
A)  They occur in all plants and define them as a monophyletic group. 
B)  They open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss. 
C)  They occur in all plants and are the same as pores. 
D)  They open to increase both water absorption and gas exchange.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the transition from ocean to land by plants is most likely to be accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The transition to land occurred within a few generations. 
B)  The transition to land was likely gradual, with plants evolving traits that let them survive ever-drier conditions. 
C)  Rising sea levels favored individuals that were able to survive ever-drier conditions. 
D)  The high light levels of terrestrial systems favored individuals that contained flexible photosynthetic enzyme systems. 
A)  The transition to land occurred within a few generations. 
B)  The transition to land was likely gradual, with plants evolving traits that let them survive ever-drier conditions. 
C)  Rising sea levels favored individuals that were able to survive ever-drier conditions. 
D)  The high light levels of terrestrial systems favored individuals that contained flexible photosynthetic enzyme systems.

Question 5

Which of the following statements correctly describes the haploid gametophytes of bryophytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are multicellular, just like the haploid stages of animal species. 
B)  They are multicellular and produce zygotes. 
C)  They are usually composed of single cells, just like the gametes of mammals. 
D)  They are usually multicellular, but lack vascular tissue. 
A)  They are multicellular, just like the haploid stages of animal species. 
B)  They are multicellular and produce zygotes. 
C)  They are usually composed of single cells, just like the gametes of mammals. 
D)  They are usually multicellular, but lack vascular tissue.

Question 6

Which of the following factors most likely helped early plants colonize land?

Accepted Answer

A)  a decreased availability of CO2 
B)  a high number of competitors for light 
C)  formation of mutualistic associations with fungi 
D)  air's relative lack of support, compared to water's support 
A)  a decreased availability of CO2 
B)  a high number of competitors for light 
C)  formation of mutualistic associations with fungi 
D)  air's relative lack of support, compared to water's support

Question 7

Microphylls are found in which plant group?

Accepted Answer

A)  lycophytes 
B)  liverworts 
C)  ferns 
D)  hornworts 
A)  lycophytes 
B)  liverworts 
C)  ferns 
D)  hornworts

Question 8

Which of the following statements correctly describes a characteristic of bryophytes (nonvascular plants)?

Accepted Answer

A)  They share a more recent common ancestor with vascular plants than they do with green algae. 
B)  They are more similar to ancestral red algae than are vascular plants. 
C)  They can be included in the grade monilophyte because they do not have a complex vascular system. 
D)  They are evolutionarily more advanced than seed plants. 
A)  They share a more recent common ancestor with vascular plants than they do with green algae. 
B)  They are more similar to ancestral red algae than are vascular plants. 
C)  They can be included in the grade monilophyte because they do not have a complex vascular system. 
D)  They are evolutionarily more advanced than seed plants.

Question 9

Which of the following biological molecules contributes to the structural integrity of plant spores?

Accepted Answer

A)  lignin 
B)  cellulose 
C)  chlorophyll 
D)  sporopollenin 
A)  lignin 
B)  cellulose 
C)  chlorophyll 
D)  sporopollenin

Question 10

Many types of plants increase the number of stomata per unit surface area of a leaf when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels decline. Which of the following is an analogous response in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  breathing faster as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase 
B)  putting more red blood cells into circulation when oxygen availability declines at high elevations 
C)  breathing more slowly as atmospheric oxygen levels increase 
D)  increasing the volume of its lungs when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase 
A)  breathing faster as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase 
B)  putting more red blood cells into circulation when oxygen availability declines at high elevations 
C)  breathing more slowly as atmospheric oxygen levels increase 
D)  increasing the volume of its lungs when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase

Question 11

Which of the following assumptions led to the hypothesis that the first plants exhibited low, sprawling growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  They were tied to the water for reproduction, thus needing to remain in close contact with the moist soil. 
B)  The ancestors of plants, green algae, lacked the structural support to stand erect in air. 
C)  Land animals of that period were small and could not pollinate tall plants. 
D)  There was less competition for space, so they simply spread out flat. 
A)  They were tied to the water for reproduction, thus needing to remain in close contact with the moist soil. 
B)  The ancestors of plants, green algae, lacked the structural support to stand erect in air. 
C)  Land animals of that period were small and could not pollinate tall plants. 
D)  There was less competition for space, so they simply spread out flat.

Question 12

The following question refers to the generalized life cycle for plants shown in the figure. Each number within a circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an arrow represents meiosis, mitosis, or fertilization.   In the figure, meiosis is most likely to be represented by which number(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  2 and 8 
D)  10 and 12 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  2 and 8 
D)  10 and 12

Exam 29: Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

The evolution of a vascular system in plants allowed which of the following characteristics and process to occur?

Based on the plant fossil record, which of these events likely occurred most recently?

Which of the following statements is correct regarding stomata?

Which of the following statements about the transition from ocean to land by plants is most likely to be accurate?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the haploid gametophytes of bryophytes?

Which of the following factors most likely helped early plants colonize land?

Microphylls are found in which plant group?

Which of the following statements correctly describes a characteristic of bryophytes (nonvascular plants)?

Which of the following biological molecules contributes to the structural integrity of plant spores?

Many types of plants increase the number of stomata per unit surface area of a leaf when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels decline. Which of the following is an analogous response in humans?

Which of the following assumptions led to the hypothesis that the first plants exhibited low, sprawling growth?

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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