Question 1

Which activity would be considered pharming?

Accepted Answer

A)  Using expression vectors to modulate the expression of a gene that codes for an enzyme in the liver of a cow in order to increase milk yield 
B)  Using CRISPR technology to induce specific mutations in a gene in potatoes in order to infer its function 
C)  Using CRISPR technology to knock out expression of a gene in order to make a more cold-resistant variety of wheat 
D)  Using microarrays to infer how genome-wide patterns of gene expression vary between different varieties of asparagus 
E)  Using recombinant DNA technology to produce mass quantities of an antibiotic in cows 
A)  Using expression vectors to modulate the expression of a gene that codes for an enzyme in the liver of a cow in order to increase milk yield 
B)  Using CRISPR technology to induce specific mutations in a gene in potatoes in order to infer its function 
C)  Using CRISPR technology to knock out expression of a gene in order to make a more cold-resistant variety of wheat 
D)  Using microarrays to infer how genome-wide patterns of gene expression vary between different varieties of asparagus 
E)  Using recombinant DNA technology to produce mass quantities of an antibiotic in cows

Question 2

Which is not a major concern regarding the use of biotechnological approaches for the improvement of crop plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  People consuming food containing allergens made from transgenic plants 
B)  A transgene escaping to other organisms from genetically altered crops 
C)  Herbicide-resistance spreading to weed species 
D)  Beneficial insects being harmed by toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis plants. 
E)  Bacillus thuringiensis insecticides breaking down rapidly in the environment. 
A)  People consuming food containing allergens made from transgenic plants 
B)  A transgene escaping to other organisms from genetically altered crops 
C)  Herbicide-resistance spreading to weed species 
D)  Beneficial insects being harmed by toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis plants. 
E)  Bacillus thuringiensis insecticides breaking down rapidly in the environment.

Question 3

People who rely on rice as their major source of food often become susceptible to infections and blindness.One way to alleviate these problems is to engineer rice to make more F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-carotene.What would be a different way to address this need?

Accepted Answer

A)  Supply the people with vitamin A. 
B)  Supply the people with vitamin C. 
C)  Give the people an enzyme that breaks down vitamin A. 
D)  Give the people an enzyme that breaks down vitamin C. 
E)  Add yellow food dye to the rice. 
A)  Supply the people with vitamin A. 
B)  Supply the people with vitamin C. 
C)  Give the people an enzyme that breaks down vitamin A. 
D)  Give the people an enzyme that breaks down vitamin C. 
E)  Add yellow food dye to the rice.

Question 4

Refer to the table showing results from an experiment in which researchers used CRISPR technology to knock out various genes from a plant.They then examined plant stem height (in centimeters, with calculated means) and seed production (number of seeds, with calculated means) with each treatment.(Note: The "x" marks genes that have been knocked out.)   What is the most likely role of the product of gene C?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a stimulator of both stem growth and seed production. 
B)  It is a stimulator of stem growth and an inhibitor of seed production. 
C)  It is an inhibitor of stem growth, and it stimulates seed production. 
D)  It is an inhibitor of stem growth and has no discernable effect on seed production. 
E)  It has no discernable effect on either trait. 
A)  It is a stimulator of both stem growth and seed production. 
B)  It is a stimulator of stem growth and an inhibitor of seed production. 
C)  It is an inhibitor of stem growth, and it stimulates seed production. 
D)  It is an inhibitor of stem growth and has no discernable effect on seed production. 
E)  It has no discernable effect on either trait.

Question 5

Microarray technology relies on the production of small, specified DNA segments called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Microarray technology relies on the production of...

Question 6

One important biotechnology advance is the mass production of the enzyme tissue plasminogen activator.What is its normal function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose metabolism 
B)  The synthesis of proteins 
C)  The breakdown of a neurotoxin 
D)  Wound healing 
E)  Dissolving clots 
A)  Glucose metabolism 
B)  The synthesis of proteins 
C)  The breakdown of a neurotoxin 
D)  Wound healing 
E)  Dissolving clots

Question 7

Why are plant cells, as opposed to animal cells, particularly useful as hosts for recombinant DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animal cells cannot be cultured. 
B)  Plant cells lack introns. 
C)  Plant cells have the ability to become totipotent. 
D)  Plant cells have reverse transcriptase. 
E)  Plant cells have plasmids. 
A)  Animal cells cannot be cultured. 
B)  Plant cells lack introns. 
C)  Plant cells have the ability to become totipotent. 
D)  Plant cells have reverse transcriptase. 
E)  Plant cells have plasmids.

Question 8

An miRNA has the sequence 5ʹ-CUGAUCAGUUACCG-3ʹ.Which motif on mRNA would most likely be a target of this miRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  5′-CUGAUCAGUUACCG-3ʹ 
B)  5ʹ-CGGUAACUGAUCAG-3ʹ 
C)  5ʹ-CGGTAACTGATCAG-3ʹ 
D)  5ʹ-GCCAUUGACUAGUC-3ʹ 
E)  5ʹ-GCCATTCACTAGTC-3ʹ 
A)  5′-CUGAUCAGUUACCG-3ʹ 
B)  5ʹ-CGGUAACUGAUCAG-3ʹ 
C)  5ʹ-CGGTAACTGATCAG-3ʹ 
D)  5ʹ-GCCAUUGACUAGUC-3ʹ 
E)  5ʹ-GCCATTCACTAGTC-3ʹ

Question 9

Biologists generally favor using _______ over antisense RNA to block translation, because its RNA molecules are more stable than antisense RNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Biologists generally favor using _______ over antisense...

Question 10

Which property distinguishes an expression vector from a typical vector?

Accepted Answer

A)  A promoter sequence 
B)  A recognition sequence for a restriction enzyme 
C)  Reverse transcriptase 
D)  A reporter gene 
E)  The ability to replicate independently within the host 
A)  A promoter sequence 
B)  A recognition sequence for a restriction enzyme 
C)  Reverse transcriptase 
D)  A reporter gene 
E)  The ability to replicate independently within the host

Question 11

In Cohen and Boyer's pioneering studies of recombinant DNA, how did they know they had produced recombinant DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  They sequenced the DNA. 
B)  They cut the DNA with restriction enzymes. 
C)  They put the DNA fragments together with DNA ligase. 
D)  They had bacteria that were resistant to just one of the antibiotics. 
E)  They had bacteria that were resistant to both antibiotics. 
A)  They sequenced the DNA. 
B)  They cut the DNA with restriction enzymes. 
C)  They put the DNA fragments together with DNA ligase. 
D)  They had bacteria that were resistant to just one of the antibiotics. 
E)  They had bacteria that were resistant to both antibiotics.

Question 12

Refer to the figure showing the recognition sequence for EcoRI.   Why is this restriction enzyme more suited for use in recombinant DNA technology than one that cuts only once at the restriction site?

Accepted Answer

A restriction enzyme that cuts only once

Question 13

A copy of the coding region of a gene is inserted downstream from a different, stronger promoter, and cells are transformed with the recombinant DNA.What is the most likely reason for the insertion?

Accepted Answer

A)  To observe what happens when a gene is expressed at higher-than-usual levels 
B)  To observe what happens when a gene is expressed at lower-than-usual levels 
C)  To observe RNA expression levels 
D)  To generate a genomic library 
E)  To generate a cDNA library 
A)  To observe what happens when a gene is expressed at higher-than-usual levels 
B)  To observe what happens when a gene is expressed at lower-than-usual levels 
C)  To observe RNA expression levels 
D)  To generate a genomic library 
E)  To generate a cDNA library

Question 14

Libraries constructed from only those genes that are transcribed in a given tissue are known as _______ libraries.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Libraries constructed from only those genes that...

Question 15

Refer to the table.In this experiment researchers used CRISPR technology to knock out various genes from a fly.They then examined the developmental time (in days, with calculated means) and larval survival (percent, with calculated means) for each treatment.The "x" marks genes that have been knocked out.   Knocking out gene _______ would have the least effect on either trait.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the table.In this experiment researchers...

Question 16

Confirmation that the S gene was responsible for self-incompatibility came from

Accepted Answer

A)  overexpression of a plant's usual allele of the S gene. 
B)  expression of a foreign S gene. 
C)  homologous recombination knocking out expression of the S gene. 
D)  microarrays showing expression patterns of the S gene. 
E)  RT-PCR showing expression patterns of the S gene. 
A)  overexpression of a plant's usual allele of the S gene. 
B)  expression of a foreign S gene. 
C)  homologous recombination knocking out expression of the S gene. 
D)  microarrays showing expression patterns of the S gene. 
E)  RT-PCR showing expression patterns of the S gene.

Question 17

Refer to the figure showing the steps used in microarray analysis to detect differences in expression between tumor tissue and normal tissue.The spots in the bottom panel represent individual genes for patients who have good prognoses (left) as well as for patients who have poor ones (right).The colors of those spots represent levels of expression: red = high expression, yellow = intermediate expression, green = low expression.   Look at the lowest, left-most gene in both patterns.Does expression of this gene correlate with the prognoses? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

No, it does not correlate with

Question 18

Refer to the figure showing an experiment using selectable marker (reporter) genes.   Some cells are resistant to ampicillin and sensitive to tetracycline, some are sensitive to both antibiotics, and some are resistant to both.Which of these cell types should be the lowest in proportion in this experiment, and why?

Accepted Answer

Generally, only a small fraction of cell

Question 19

Which is not a property of yeast cells that makes them useful as eukaryotic hosts for recombinant DNA studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their rapid rate of cell division 
B)  Their small genome size 
C)  Their ease of growth in the laboratory 
D)  The presence of plasmids 
E)  Their similarity to most other eukaryotic cells 
A)  Their rapid rate of cell division 
B)  Their small genome size 
C)  Their ease of growth in the laboratory 
D)  The presence of plasmids 
E)  Their similarity to most other eukaryotic cells

Question 20

Which activity would be considered cloning of recombinant DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Using PCR to produce millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence that came from a human hair for use in forensics 
B)  Using PCR to produce millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence from a 20,000-year-old wooly mammoth fossil 
C)  Producing many copies of a gene from a tomato that codes for an enzyme in a yeast cell 
D)  Using green fluorescent protein as a reporter gene 
E)  Using a gene that codes for antibiotic resistance as a reporter gene 
A)  Using PCR to produce millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence that came from a human hair for use in forensics 
B)  Using PCR to produce millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence from a 20,000-year-old wooly mammoth fossil 
C)  Producing many copies of a gene from a tomato that codes for an enzyme in a yeast cell 
D)  Using green fluorescent protein as a reporter gene 
E)  Using a gene that codes for antibiotic resistance as a reporter gene

Exam 18: Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Which activity would be considered pharming?

Which is not a major concern regarding the use of biotechnological approaches for the improvement of crop plants?

People who rely on rice as their major source of food often become susceptible to infections and blindness.One way to alleviate these problems is to engineer rice to make more -carotene.What would be a different way to address this need?

Microarray technology relies on the production of small, specified DNA segments called _______.

One important biotechnology advance is the mass production of the enzyme tissue plasminogen activator.What is its normal function?

Why are plant cells, as opposed to animal cells, particularly useful as hosts for recombinant DNA?

An miRNA has the sequence 5ʹ-CUGAUCAGUUACCG-3ʹ.Which motif on mRNA would most likely be a target of this miRNA?

Biologists generally favor using _______ over antisense RNA to block translation, because its RNA molecules are more stable than antisense RNA.

Which property distinguishes an expression vector from a typical vector?

In Cohen and Boyer's pioneering studies of recombinant DNA, how did they know they had produced recombinant DNA?

Refer to the figure showing the recognition sequence for EcoRI. Why is this restriction enzyme more suited for use in recombinant DNA technology than one that cuts only once at the restriction site?

A copy of the coding region of a gene is inserted downstream from a different, stronger promoter, and cells are transformed with the recombinant DNA.What is the most likely reason for the insertion?

Libraries constructed from only those genes that are transcribed in a given tissue are known as _______ libraries.

Confirmation that the S gene was responsible for self-incompatibility came from

Which is not a property of yeast cells that makes them useful as eukaryotic hosts for recombinant DNA studies?

Which activity would be considered cloning of recombinant DNA?

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