Question 1

In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, which results in the net production of which of the following sets of molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP, CO2, and ethanol 
B)  ATP, CO2, and lactate 
C)  ATP, NADH, and ethanol 
D)  ATP, CO2, and acetyl CoA 
A)  ATP, CO2, and ethanol 
B)  ATP, CO2, and lactate 
C)  ATP, NADH, and ethanol 
D)  ATP, CO2, and acetyl CoA

Question 2

Upon completion of the citric acid cycle, most of the energy originally stored in each glucose molecule catabolized by cellular respiration is stored in which of the following molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl-CoA 
B)  ATP 
C)  CO2 
D)  NADH 
A)  acetyl-CoA 
B)  ATP 
C)  CO2 
D)  NADH

Question 3

Most CO2 from catabolism is released during ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis 
B)  the citric acid cycle 
C)  lactate fermentation 
D)  electron transport 
A)  glycolysis 
B)  the citric acid cycle 
C)  lactate fermentation 
D)  electron transport

Question 4

A 3-year old dog has never been able to tolerate much physical activity. A veterinarian discovers that the dog's mitochondria can use only fatty acids and amino acids for cellular respiration, and its muscle cells produce elevated levels of lactate. Which of the following statements best explains the dog's condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its cells cannot transport pyruvate from the cytosol into the mitochondria. 
B)  Its cells cannot transport NADH from glycolysis into the mitochondria. 
C)  Its cells cannot complete glycolysis. 
D)  Its cells have a defective electron transport chain, so glucose is metabolized to lactate instead of to acetyl CoA. 
A)  Its cells cannot transport pyruvate from the cytosol into the mitochondria. 
B)  Its cells cannot transport NADH from glycolysis into the mitochondria. 
C)  Its cells cannot complete glycolysis. 
D)  Its cells have a defective electron transport chain, so glucose is metabolized to lactate instead of to acetyl CoA.

Question 5

Exposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will fragment the membranes and pieces will reseal "inside out" to form small vesicles. The fact that these vesicles can transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP suggests that which of the following components must be present?

Accepted Answer

A)  only the electron transport system 
B)  only the ATP synthase system 
C)  all of the electron transport system and the proteins that add CoA to acetyl groups 
D)  all of the electron transport system and ATP synthase 
A)  only the electron transport system 
B)  only the ATP synthase system 
C)  all of the electron transport system and the proteins that add CoA to acetyl groups 
D)  all of the electron transport system and ATP synthase

Question 6

If glucose is the sole energy source for cellular respiration in an animal, what proportion of the carbon dioxide exhaled is derived from oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

A)  1/6 
B)  1/3 
C)  2/3 
D)  100% 
A)  1/6 
B)  1/3 
C)  2/3 
D)  100%

Question 7

Which of the following metabolic processes take place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis and fermentation 
B)  fermentation and chemiosmosis 
C)  oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
D)  citric acid cycle 
A)  glycolysis and fermentation 
B)  fermentation and chemiosmosis 
C)  oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
D)  citric acid cycle

Question 8

What types of cells carry out ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, exclusively using oxygen as the electron acceptor 
B)  only animal cells in mitochondria, exclusively using oxygen as the electron acceptor 
C)  only eukaryotic cells, both plant and animal, using either oxygen or other electron acceptors 
D)  all respiring cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, using either oxygen or other electron acceptors 
A)  all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, exclusively using oxygen as the electron acceptor 
B)  only animal cells in mitochondria, exclusively using oxygen as the electron acceptor 
C)  only eukaryotic cells, both plant and animal, using either oxygen or other electron acceptors 
D)  all respiring cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, using either oxygen or other electron acceptors

Question 9

The citric acid cycle.
For each mole of glucose (C6H12O6) oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO2 are released in the citric acid cycle (see the accompanying figure)?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  6 
D)  32 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  6 
D)  32

Question 10

Which of the following products result from the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

Accepted Answer

A)  O2 and ATP 
B)  FADH2 and CO2 
C)  NADH and CO2 
D)  NAD+, ATP and CO2 
A)  O2 and ATP 
B)  FADH2 and CO2 
C)  NADH and CO2 
D)  NAD+, ATP and CO2

Question 11

Which of the following best predicts the effect of removal of oxygen from a facultative anaerobic organism's environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose consumption increases, while the growth rate decreases 
B)  glucose consumption and the growth rate both increase 
C)  glucose consumption decreases, while the growth rate increases 
D)  glucose consumption decreases, while the growth rate remains unchanged 
A)  glucose consumption increases, while the growth rate decreases 
B)  glucose consumption and the growth rate both increase 
C)  glucose consumption decreases, while the growth rate increases 
D)  glucose consumption decreases, while the growth rate remains unchanged

Question 12

When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pH of the matrix increases. 
B)  ATP synthase pumps protons by active transport. 
C)  The electrons gain free energy. 
D)  NAD+ is oxidized. 
A)  The pH of the matrix increases. 
B)  ATP synthase pumps protons by active transport. 
C)  The electrons gain free energy. 
D)  NAD+ is oxidized.

Question 13

The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation is an example of which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport 
B)  allosteric regulation 
C)  a reaction with a positive ΔG 
D)  coupling of an endergonic reaction to an exergonic reaction 
A)  active transport 
B)  allosteric regulation 
C)  a reaction with a positive ΔG 
D)  coupling of an endergonic reaction to an exergonic reaction

Question 14

Which of the following events takes place in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  the breakdown of glucose into six carbon dioxide molecules 
B)  the breakdown of an acetyl group to carbon dioxide 
C)  the harnessing of energy from redox reactions to generate a proton gradient 
D)  substrate-level phosphorylation 
A)  the breakdown of glucose into six carbon dioxide molecules 
B)  the breakdown of an acetyl group to carbon dioxide 
C)  the harnessing of energy from redox reactions to generate a proton gradient 
D)  substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 15

Glycolysis results in the net production of which of the following sets of molecules per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 NAD+, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP 
B)  2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP 
C)  4 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 4 ATP 
D)  6 CO2, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP 
A)  2 NAD+, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP 
B)  2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP 
C)  4 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 4 ATP 
D)  6 CO2, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP

Question 16

When a cell is deprived of oxygen, which of the following processes will be inhibited first?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis 
B)  the electron transport chain 
C)  the citric acid cycle 
D)  the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
A)  glycolysis 
B)  the electron transport chain 
C)  the citric acid cycle 
D)  the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA

Question 17

Inhibition of which of the following metabolic pathways would result in decreased rates of CO2 production?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
B)  oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle 
C)  oxidative phosphorylation and fermentation 
D)  fermentation and glycolysis 
A)  glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
B)  oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle 
C)  oxidative phosphorylation and fermentation 
D)  fermentation and glycolysis

Question 18

The citric acid cycle.
Which of the following is the most likely effect on the rates of ATP and CO2 production if yeast cells growing in minimal medium lacking glucose are provided with supplemental acetyl-CoA?

Accepted Answer

A)  There would be no change in ATP production, but the rate of carbon dioxide production would increase. 
B)  The rates of ATP production and carbon dioxide production would both increase. 
C)  The rate of ATP production would increase, but the rate of carbon dioxide production would decrease. 
D)  The rates of ATP and carbon dioxide production would both decrease. 
A)  There would be no change in ATP production, but the rate of carbon dioxide production would increase. 
B)  The rates of ATP production and carbon dioxide production would both increase. 
C)  The rate of ATP production would increase, but the rate of carbon dioxide production would decrease. 
D)  The rates of ATP and carbon dioxide production would both decrease.

Question 19

Which of the following statements best summarizes ATP use and production in the catabolism of each glucose molecule in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  two molecules of ATP are used, and two molecules of ATP are produced 
B)  two molecules of ATP are used, and four molecules of ATP are produced 
C)  four molecules of ATP are used, and two molecules of ATP are produced 
D)  four molecules of ATP are used, and four molecules of ATP are produced 
A)  two molecules of ATP are used, and two molecules of ATP are produced 
B)  two molecules of ATP are used, and four molecules of ATP are produced 
C)  four molecules of ATP are used, and two molecules of ATP are produced 
D)  four molecules of ATP are used, and four molecules of ATP are produced

Question 20

Assume that it is possible to label each of the molecules below with 18O a heavy isotope of oxygen. As a result of cellular respiration, water containing 18O would most quickly be detected if cells are provided with which one of the following molecules labeled with 18O?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide (CO2) 
B)  glucose (C6H12O6) 
C)  molecular oxygen (O2) 
D)  pyruvate (C3H3O3) 
A)  carbon dioxide (CO2) 
B)  glucose (C6H12O6) 
C)  molecular oxygen (O2) 
D)  pyruvate (C3H3O3)

Exam 10: Cell Respiration

In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, which results in the net production of which of the following sets of molecules?

Upon completion of the citric acid cycle, most of the energy originally stored in each glucose molecule catabolized by cellular respiration is stored in which of the following molecules?

Most CO2 from catabolism is released during ________.

If glucose is the sole energy source for cellular respiration in an animal, what proportion of the carbon dioxide exhaled is derived from oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

Which of the following metabolic processes take place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

What types of cells carry out ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis?

The citric acid cycle. For each mole of glucose (C6H12O6) oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO2 are released in the citric acid cycle (see the accompanying figure)?

Which of the following products result from the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

Which of the following best predicts the effect of removal of oxygen from a facultative anaerobic organism's environment?

When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs?

The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation is an example of which of the following processes?

Which of the following events takes place in the electron transport chain?

Glycolysis results in the net production of which of the following sets of molecules per glucose molecule?

When a cell is deprived of oxygen, which of the following processes will be inhibited first?

Inhibition of which of the following metabolic pathways would result in decreased rates of CO2 production?

The citric acid cycle. Which of the following is the most likely effect on the rates of ATP and CO2 production if yeast cells growing in minimal medium lacking glucose are provided with supplemental acetyl-CoA?

Which of the following statements best summarizes ATP use and production in the catabolism of each glucose molecule in glycolysis?

Assume that it is possible to label each of the molecules below with 18O a heavy isotope of oxygen. As a result of cellular respiration, water containing 18O would most quickly be detected if cells are provided with which one of the following molecules labeled with 18O?

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

Filters

Most CO₂ from catabolism is released during ________.

The citric acid cycle. For each mole of glucose (C6H12O₆) oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO₂ are released in the citric acid cycle (see the accompanying figure)?

Inhibition of which of the following metabolic pathways would result in decreased rates of CO₂ production?

The citric acid cycle. Which of the following is the most likely effect on the rates of ATP and CO₂ production if yeast cells growing in minimal medium lacking glucose are provided with supplemental acetyl-CoA?