Question 1

In which reactions of cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  only in glycolysis 
B)  only in the citric acid cycle 
C)  only in the electron transport chain 
D)  in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle 
A)  only in glycolysis 
B)  only in the citric acid cycle 
C)  only in the electron transport chain 
D)  in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Question 2

When electrons are passed from one atom to a more electronegative atom, the more electronegative atom is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced, and energy is released 
B)  reduced, and energy is used 
C)  oxidized, and energy is used 
D)  oxidized, and energy is released 
A)  reduced, and energy is released 
B)  reduced, and energy is used 
C)  oxidized, and energy is used 
D)  oxidized, and energy is released

Question 3

Which of the following metabolic processes normally occurs in most cells regardless of oxygen (O2) availability?

Accepted Answer

A)  citric acid cycle 
B)  glycolysis 
C)  lactate fermentation 
D)  oxidative phosphorylation 
A)  citric acid cycle 
B)  glycolysis 
C)  lactate fermentation 
D)  oxidative phosphorylation

Question 4

Yeast cells with defective mitochondria that are incapable of performing cellular respiration will be able to survive by using which of the following molecules for energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  cholesterol 
C)  fatty acids 
D)  amino acids 
A)  glucose 
B)  cholesterol 
C)  fatty acids 
D)  amino acids

Question 5

Depletion of which of the following molecules from the mitochondria will most directly inhibit the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  NAD+ 
B)  NADH 
C)  CO2 
D)  ATP 
A)  NAD+ 
B)  NADH 
C)  CO2 
D)  ATP

Question 6

In the following reaction which molecule functions as the oxidizing agent?
Pyruvate + NADH + H+ → Lactate + NAD+

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH 
B)  NAD+ 
C)  lactate 
D)  pyruvate 
A)  NADH 
B)  NAD+ 
C)  lactate 
D)  pyruvate

Question 7

A person on a strict diet and exercise regimen lost 7 kg (about 15 pounds) of body fat in just two weeks. In which of the following forms did the lost fat most likely leave the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  released as CO2 and H2O 
B)  converted to heat and then released 
C)  converted to ATP, which weighs much less than fat 
D)  eliminated from the body as feces 
A)  released as CO2 and H2O 
B)  converted to heat and then released 
C)  converted to ATP, which weighs much less than fat 
D)  eliminated from the body as feces

Question 8

Which of the following statements best describes what happens to a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) when it gains a hydrogen atom?

Accepted Answer

A)  NAD+ becomes dehydrogenated. 
B)  NAD+ becomes oxidized. 
C)  NAD+ becomes reduced. 
D)  NAD+ becomes ionized. 
A)  NAD+ becomes dehydrogenated. 
B)  NAD+ becomes oxidized. 
C)  NAD+ becomes reduced. 
D)  NAD+ becomes ionized.

Question 9

Which of the following processes is driven by chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  substrate-level phosphorylation 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  ATP hydrolysis 
D)  reduction of NAD+ to NADH 
A)  substrate-level phosphorylation 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  ATP hydrolysis 
D)  reduction of NAD+ to NADH

Question 10

Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  the citric acid cycle 
B)  the electron transport chain 
C)  glycolysis 
D)  reduction of pyruvate to lactate 
A)  the citric acid cycle 
B)  the electron transport chain 
C)  glycolysis 
D)  reduction of pyruvate to lactate

Question 11

Energy released from the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasm adjacent to the mitochondrial outer membrane 
B)  mitochondrial inner membrane 
C)  mitochondrial intermembrane space 
D)  mitochondrial matrix 
A)  cytoplasm adjacent to the mitochondrial outer membrane 
B)  mitochondrial inner membrane 
C)  mitochondrial intermembrane space 
D)  mitochondrial matrix

Question 12

Which of the following statements describes a primary function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction of NAD+ to NADH 
B)  reduction of FAD to FADH2 
C)  oxidation of NADH to NAD+ 
D)  hydrolysis of ATP to ADP +   i 
A)  reduction of NAD+ to NADH 
B)  reduction of FAD to FADH2 
C)  oxidation of NADH to NAD+ 
D)  hydrolysis of ATP to ADP +   i

Question 13

Under which conditions will plant cell mitochondria actively oxidize pyruvate and carry out oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

A)  only in photosynthetic cells in the light, while photosynthesis occurs concurrently 
B)  only in cells that store glucose in the form of starch and only in the dark 
C)  in all cells, with or without light 
D)  in photosynthesizing cells in the light, and in other cells in the dark 
A)  only in photosynthetic cells in the light, while photosynthesis occurs concurrently 
B)  only in cells that store glucose in the form of starch and only in the dark 
C)  in all cells, with or without light 
D)  in photosynthesizing cells in the light, and in other cells in the dark

Question 14

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  18-24 
D)  30-32 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  18-24 
D)  30-32

Question 15

When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom in an oxidation-reduction reaction, the glucose molecule is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolyzed 
B)  an oxidizing agent 
C)  oxidized 
D)  reduced 
A)  hydrolyzed 
B)  an oxidizing agent 
C)  oxidized 
D)  reduced

Question 16

Inhibition of which of the following processes would reduce or eliminate generation of a proton-motive force in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  the flow of protons through ATP synthase down their concentration gradient 
B)  the reduction of NAD+ by the first electron carrier in the electron transport chain 
C)  lowering of pH in the mitochondrial matrix 
D)  pumping of hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space 
A)  the flow of protons through ATP synthase down their concentration gradient 
B)  the reduction of NAD+ by the first electron carrier in the electron transport chain 
C)  lowering of pH in the mitochondrial matrix 
D)  pumping of hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space

Question 17

Beta oxidation generates substrates for cellular respiration through catabolism of which of the following molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  glycogen 
C)  proteins 
D)  fatty acids 
A)  glucose 
B)  glycogen 
C)  proteins 
D)  fatty acids

Question 18

Catabolism of fatty acids produces two-carbon molecules that are converted to acetyl CoA. The acetyl CoA molecules will most likely be metabolized in aerobic cellular respiration by which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  directly entering the electron transport chain 
B)  directly entering the energy-yielding phase of glycolysis 
C)  being converted to pyruvate and then undergo pyruvate oxidation upon transport into mitochondria 
D)  directly entering the citric acid cycle 
A)  directly entering the electron transport chain 
B)  directly entering the energy-yielding phase of glycolysis 
C)  being converted to pyruvate and then undergo pyruvate oxidation upon transport into mitochondria 
D)  directly entering the citric acid cycle

Question 19

Which of the following statements best describes how a reducing agent in is chemically altered in a biological redox reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  It gains a hydrogen atom and gains potential energy. 
B)  It loses a hydrogen atom and loses potential energy. 
C)  It gains a hydrogen atom and loses potential energy. 
D)  It loses a hydrogen atom and gains potential energy. 
A)  It gains a hydrogen atom and gains potential energy. 
B)  It loses a hydrogen atom and loses potential energy. 
C)  It gains a hydrogen atom and loses potential energy. 
D)  It loses a hydrogen atom and gains potential energy.

Question 20

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  O2 
B)  water 
C)  NAD+ 
D)  pyruvate 
A)  O2 
B)  water 
C)  NAD+ 
D)  pyruvate

Exam 10: Cell Respiration

In which reactions of cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?

When electrons are passed from one atom to a more electronegative atom, the more electronegative atom is ________.

Which of the following metabolic processes normally occurs in most cells regardless of oxygen (O2) availability?

Yeast cells with defective mitochondria that are incapable of performing cellular respiration will be able to survive by using which of the following molecules for energy?

Depletion of which of the following molecules from the mitochondria will most directly inhibit the citric acid cycle?

In the following reaction which molecule functions as the oxidizing agent? Pyruvate + NADH + H+ → Lactate + NAD+

A person on a strict diet and exercise regimen lost 7 kg (about 15 pounds) of body fat in just two weeks. In which of the following forms did the lost fat most likely leave the body?

Which of the following statements best describes what happens to a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) when it gains a hydrogen atom?

Which of the following processes is driven by chemiosmosis?

Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?

Energy released from the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location in eukaryotic cells?

Which of the following statements describes a primary function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?

Under which conditions will plant cell mitochondria actively oxidize pyruvate and carry out oxidative phosphorylation?

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) in aerobic cellular respiration?

When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom in an oxidation-reduction reaction, the glucose molecule is ________.

Inhibition of which of the following processes would reduce or eliminate generation of a proton-motive force in mitochondria?

Beta oxidation generates substrates for cellular respiration through catabolism of which of the following molecules?

Catabolism of fatty acids produces two-carbon molecules that are converted to acetyl CoA. The acetyl CoA molecules will most likely be metabolized in aerobic cellular respiration by which of the following mechanisms?

Which of the following statements best describes how a reducing agent in is chemically altered in a biological redox reaction?

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is ________.

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

Filters

Which of the following metabolic processes normally occurs in most cells regardless of oxygen (O₂) availability?

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose (C6H12O₆) in aerobic cellular respiration?