Question 1

Which of the following techniques is not intended to reduce soil erosion?

Accepted Answer

A)  planting rows of trees as windbreaks 
B)  no-till agriculture 
C)  terrace hillside crops 
D)  plowing over stubble immediately after harvest 
A)  planting rows of trees as windbreaks 
B)  no-till agriculture 
C)  terrace hillside crops 
D)  plowing over stubble immediately after harvest

Question 2

A farmer purchases land in a relatively arid area and is interested in earning a reasonable profit for many decades. Which of the following strategies would best allow the farmer to achieve such a goal?

Accepted Answer

A)  establishing an extensive irrigation system 
B)  using plenty of the best fertilizers 
C)  finding a way to sell all parts of crop plants 
D)  selecting crops adapted to arid areas 
A)  establishing an extensive irrigation system 
B)  using plenty of the best fertilizers 
C)  finding a way to sell all parts of crop plants 
D)  selecting crops adapted to arid areas

Question 3

Mycorrhizae enhance plant nutrition mainly by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  absorbing water and minerals through the fungal hyphae 
B)  providing sugar to root cells, which have no chloroplasts 
C)  converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia 
A)  absorbing water and minerals through the fungal hyphae 
B)  providing sugar to root cells, which have no chloroplasts 
C)  converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia

Question 4

If garden tomatoes display chlorosis, which of the following fertilizers would likely reduce this symptom?

Accepted Answer

A)  10-0-0 
B)  0-10-0 
C)  0-0-10 
D)  0-0-0 
A)  10-0-0 
B)  0-10-0 
C)  0-0-10 
D)  0-0-0

Question 5

Which one of the following elements plays a critical role in the structure of chlorophyll?

Accepted Answer

A)  magnesium 
B)  manganese 
C)  calcium 
D)  zinc 
A)  magnesium 
B)  manganese 
C)  calcium 
D)  zinc

Question 6

Two groups of tomatoes were grown under laboratory conditions, one with humus added to the soil, and one a control without humus. The leaves of the plants grown without humus were less green compared with those of the plants grown in the humus-enriched soil. Which of the following is the best explanation for this difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  the healthy plants used the food in the decomposing leaves of the humus for energy to make chlorophyll 
B)  the humus made the soil more loosely packed, so water penetrated more easily to the roots 
C)  the humus contained minerals such as magnesium and iron, needed for the synthesis of chlorophyll 
D)  the heat released by the decomposing leaves of the humus caused more rapid growth and chlorophyll synthesis 
A)  the healthy plants used the food in the decomposing leaves of the humus for energy to make chlorophyll 
B)  the humus made the soil more loosely packed, so water penetrated more easily to the roots 
C)  the humus contained minerals such as magnesium and iron, needed for the synthesis of chlorophyll 
D)  the heat released by the decomposing leaves of the humus caused more rapid growth and chlorophyll synthesis

Question 7

You are weeding your garden when you accidentally expose some roots of your pea plants, which are legumes like soybeans. You notice swellings (root nodules) on the roots, and there is a reddish tinge to the ones you accidentally damaged. These observations are evidence for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The peas suffer from a mineral deficiency. 
B)  The peas are infected with a parasite. 
C)  The peas are benefiting from a mutualistic bacterium. 
D)  The peas are developing root buds to form branch roots. 
A)  The peas suffer from a mineral deficiency. 
B)  The peas are infected with a parasite. 
C)  The peas are benefiting from a mutualistic bacterium. 
D)  The peas are developing root buds to form branch roots.

Question 8

What soil composition would be best for availability of nutrients, water, and air for root development?

Accepted Answer

A)  equal amounts of sand, clay, and silt 
B)  higher proportion of silt; lower amounts of clay and sand 
C)  higher proportion of clay; lower amounts of silt and sand 
D)  higher proportion of sand; lower amount of silt and clay 
A)  equal amounts of sand, clay, and silt 
B)  higher proportion of silt; lower amounts of clay and sand 
C)  higher proportion of clay; lower amounts of silt and sand 
D)  higher proportion of sand; lower amount of silt and clay

Question 9

Which of the following is a common feature shared by rhizobial bacteria, actinomycete bacteria, and cyanobacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  They increase water uptake in plants. 
B)  They kill parasites in the soil. 
C)  Each exists only in extreme environments. 
D)  Each fixes atmospheric nitrogen. 
A)  They increase water uptake in plants. 
B)  They kill parasites in the soil. 
C)  Each exists only in extreme environments. 
D)  Each fixes atmospheric nitrogen.

Question 10

The inorganic nutrient most often lacking in crops is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  phosphorus 
D)  potassium 
A)  carbon 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  phosphorus 
D)  potassium

Question 11

Which of the following experiments is the best way to determine if an element is essential for plant growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Measure the amount of the element stored in plant tissues. 
B)  Measure the amount of the element in the soil before and after plant growth. 
C)  Measure the weight of the plant and soil before and after plant growth. 
D)  Grow a plant using hydroponics with and without the element. 
A)  Measure the amount of the element stored in plant tissues. 
B)  Measure the amount of the element in the soil before and after plant growth. 
C)  Measure the weight of the plant and soil before and after plant growth. 
D)  Grow a plant using hydroponics with and without the element.

Question 12

Soil leaching can cause nutrient deficiencies in the soil. Which of the following is not a symptom of nutrient deficiency in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorosis 
B)  death of meristems 
C)  excess storage of chlorophyll 
D)  small internodes 
A)  chlorosis 
B)  death of meristems 
C)  excess storage of chlorophyll 
D)  small internodes

Question 13

Which of the following is the most probable cause of a mineral deficiency in a plant after being treated with a fungicide?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mineral receptor proteins in the plant membrane were not functioning. 
B)  Mycorrhizal fungi were killed. 
C)  Active transport of minerals was inhibited. 
D)  Proton pumps reversed the membrane potential. 
A)  Mineral receptor proteins in the plant membrane were not functioning. 
B)  Mycorrhizal fungi were killed. 
C)  Active transport of minerals was inhibited. 
D)  Proton pumps reversed the membrane potential.

Question 14

The specific relationship between a legume and its mutualistic Rhizobium strain probably depends on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  each legume having a chemical dialogue with a fungus 
B)  each Rhizobium strain having a form of nitrogenase that works only in the appropriate legume host 
C)  each legume being found where the soil has only the Rhizobium specific to that legume 
D)  specific recognition between chemical signals and signal receptors of the Rhizobium strain and legume species 
A)  each legume having a chemical dialogue with a fungus 
B)  each Rhizobium strain having a form of nitrogenase that works only in the appropriate legume host 
C)  each legume being found where the soil has only the Rhizobium specific to that legume 
D)  specific recognition between chemical signals and signal receptors of the Rhizobium strain and legume species

Question 15

While hiking in a forest, you notice an unusual plant growing on the branches of a tree. Which of the following criteria will best will help you to determine if this plant is epiphytic or parasitic?

Accepted Answer

A)  If the plant is green, it is epiphytic. 
B)  The root of an epiphytic plant will be in the soil. 
C)  The roots of a parasitic plant will penetrate through the bark into the xylem. 
D)  The epiphytic plant will have large water collecting leaves. 
A)  If the plant is green, it is epiphytic. 
B)  The root of an epiphytic plant will be in the soil. 
C)  The roots of a parasitic plant will penetrate through the bark into the xylem. 
D)  The epiphytic plant will have large water collecting leaves.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a problem resulting from intensive irrigation?

Accepted Answer

A)  mineral runoff 
B)  over fertilization 
C)  aquifer depletion 
D)  soil salinization 
A)  mineral runoff 
B)  over fertilization 
C)  aquifer depletion 
D)  soil salinization

Question 17

Which of the following properties is least conducive to plant growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  abundant humus 
B)  numerous soil organisms 
C)  compacted soil 
D)  high cation exchange capacity 
A)  abundant humus 
B)  numerous soil organisms 
C)  compacted soil 
D)  high cation exchange capacity

Question 18

Which of the following is a major function of potassium in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  regenerate ATP from ADP 
B)  be a component of DNA and RNA 
C)  be a component of chlorophyll 
D)  control guard cell function 
A)  regenerate ATP from ADP 
B)  be a component of DNA and RNA 
C)  be a component of chlorophyll 
D)  control guard cell function

Question 19

Which of the following is the least disruptive strategy for removing toxic heavy metals from a soil?

Accepted Answer

A)  heavy irrigation to leach out the heavy metals 
B)  application of sulfur to lower the soil pH and precipitate the heavy metals 
C)  adding plant species that have the ability to take up and accumulate heavy metals 
D)  inoculating soil with mycorrhizae to avoid heavy-metal uptake 
A)  heavy irrigation to leach out the heavy metals 
B)  application of sulfur to lower the soil pH and precipitate the heavy metals 
C)  adding plant species that have the ability to take up and accumulate heavy metals 
D)  inoculating soil with mycorrhizae to avoid heavy-metal uptake

Question 20

A group of ten tomato plants are germinated and maintained in a large tray with no drainage. After several weeks they all begin to wilt and die despite repeated watering and fertilization. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the plant death?

Accepted Answer

A)  competition for resources 
B)  a lack of oxygen for the roots 
C)  organic nutrient depletion 
D)  no room left for root growth 
A)  competition for resources 
B)  a lack of oxygen for the roots 
C)  organic nutrient depletion 
D)  no room left for root growth

Exam 37: Plant Nutrition

Which of the following techniques is not intended to reduce soil erosion?

A farmer purchases land in a relatively arid area and is interested in earning a reasonable profit for many decades. Which of the following strategies would best allow the farmer to achieve such a goal?

Mycorrhizae enhance plant nutrition mainly by ________.

If garden tomatoes display chlorosis, which of the following fertilizers would likely reduce this symptom?

Which one of the following elements plays a critical role in the structure of chlorophyll?

You are weeding your garden when you accidentally expose some roots of your pea plants, which are legumes like soybeans. You notice swellings (root nodules) on the roots, and there is a reddish tinge to the ones you accidentally damaged. These observations are evidence for which of the following?

What soil composition would be best for availability of nutrients, water, and air for root development?

Which of the following is a common feature shared by rhizobial bacteria, actinomycete bacteria, and cyanobacteria?

The inorganic nutrient most often lacking in crops is ________.

Which of the following experiments is the best way to determine if an element is essential for plant growth?

Soil leaching can cause nutrient deficiencies in the soil. Which of the following is not a symptom of nutrient deficiency in plants?

Which of the following is the most probable cause of a mineral deficiency in a plant after being treated with a fungicide?

The specific relationship between a legume and its mutualistic Rhizobium strain probably depends on ________.

While hiking in a forest, you notice an unusual plant growing on the branches of a tree. Which of the following criteria will best will help you to determine if this plant is epiphytic or parasitic?

Which of the following is not a problem resulting from intensive irrigation?

Which of the following properties is least conducive to plant growth?

Which of the following is a major function of potassium in plants?

Which of the following is the least disruptive strategy for removing toxic heavy metals from a soil?

A group of ten tomato plants are germinated and maintained in a large tray with no drainage. After several weeks they all begin to wilt and die despite repeated watering and fertilization. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the plant death?

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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