Question 1

It is important for pregnant women to consume folic acid supplements because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the fetus is not able to acquire oxygen by breathing on its own 
B)  the fetus stores folic acid in high quantities 
C)  folic acid deprivation is associated with neural tube defects in a fetus 
D)  folic acid deprivation is a cause of heart abnormalities in a newborn 
A)  the fetus is not able to acquire oxygen by breathing on its own 
B)  the fetus stores folic acid in high quantities 
C)  folic acid deprivation is associated with neural tube defects in a fetus 
D)  folic acid deprivation is a cause of heart abnormalities in a newborn

Question 2

If you exercise, which stored fuel do you use first?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle proteins 
B)  liver glycogen and muscle glycogen 
C)  fat stored in adipose tissue 
D)  blood proteins 
A)  muscle proteins 
B)  liver glycogen and muscle glycogen 
C)  fat stored in adipose tissue 
D)  blood proteins

Question 3

After surgical removal of the gallbladder, a person might need to limit his or her dietary intake of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  starch 
B)  protein 
C)  sugar 
D)  fat 
A)  starch 
B)  protein 
C)  sugar 
D)  fat

Question 4

Food being digested in the stomach is in a highly acidic environment. The pH of the small intestine is higher than that of the stomach. Which statement best explains why this occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secretin increases the flow of bicarbonate ions from the pancreas into the small intestine to neutralize the stomach acid. 
B)  Trypsinogen is activated, thus neutralizing the stomach acid. 
C)  Bile salts from the gallbladder neutralize the stomach acid. 
D)  When pepsinogen activates pepsin, one result is the neutralization of stomach acid in the stomach. 
A)  Secretin increases the flow of bicarbonate ions from the pancreas into the small intestine to neutralize the stomach acid. 
B)  Trypsinogen is activated, thus neutralizing the stomach acid. 
C)  Bile salts from the gallbladder neutralize the stomach acid. 
D)  When pepsinogen activates pepsin, one result is the neutralization of stomach acid in the stomach.

Question 5

Examine the digestive system structures in the figure. In which labeled structure are bacteria that produce vitamins found in the greatest concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  8 
A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  8

Question 6

A zoologist analyzes the jawbones of an extinct mammal and concludes that it was an herbivore. How did the zoologist most likely arrive at this conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  they assessed the position of muscle attachment sites 
B)  they assessed the shape of the teeth 
C)  they assessed the size of the mouth opening 
D)  they assessed the number of bones in the neck 
A)  they assessed the position of muscle attachment sites 
B)  they assessed the shape of the teeth 
C)  they assessed the size of the mouth opening 
D)  they assessed the number of bones in the neck

Question 7

What is the importance of the mucus that is released by salivary glands?

Accepted Answer

A)  It aids in degradation of triglycerides to fatty acids and monoglycerides. 
B)  It assists with mechanical digestion by the teeth. 
C)  It contains hormonal molecules that stimulate the release of gastric juice by the stomach in anticipation of receipt of the contents of the mouth. 
D)  It consists of glycoproteins that make food slippery enough to slide easily through the esophagus. 
A)  It aids in degradation of triglycerides to fatty acids and monoglycerides. 
B)  It assists with mechanical digestion by the teeth. 
C)  It contains hormonal molecules that stimulate the release of gastric juice by the stomach in anticipation of receipt of the contents of the mouth. 
D)  It consists of glycoproteins that make food slippery enough to slide easily through the esophagus.

Question 8

Iodine deficiency in mammals will most likely result in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased production of thyroid hormones 
B)  decreased enzyme function 
C)  weak bones 
D)  decreased muscle function 
A)  decreased production of thyroid hormones 
B)  decreased enzyme function 
C)  weak bones 
D)  decreased muscle function

Question 9

In which digestive system organ does nearly all nutrient absorption occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach 
B)  small intestine 
C)  large intestine 
D)  pancreas 
A)  stomach 
B)  small intestine 
C)  large intestine 
D)  pancreas

Question 10

Which of the following is an advantage of a complete digestive system?

Accepted Answer

A)  It excludes the need for extracellular digestion. 
B)  It allows for specialized regions with specialized functions. 
C)  It allows extensive branching. 
D)  It facilitates intracellular digestion. 
A)  It excludes the need for extracellular digestion. 
B)  It allows for specialized regions with specialized functions. 
C)  It allows extensive branching. 
D)  It facilitates intracellular digestion.

Question 11

Animals cannot produce enzymes to digest cellulose, yet many termite species consume cellulose from plant material as a main part of their diet. How do termites access the nutrients contained in cellulose?

Accepted Answer

A)  Termites have specialized mouthparts to mechanically break down the cellulose. 
B)  The ingested plant material also contains enzymes for cellulose digestion. 
C)  Cellulose is digested intracellularly in the termite hindgut. 
D)  Mutualistic bacteria in the hindgut of the termite digest the cellulose into sugars. 
A)  Termites have specialized mouthparts to mechanically break down the cellulose. 
B)  The ingested plant material also contains enzymes for cellulose digestion. 
C)  Cellulose is digested intracellularly in the termite hindgut. 
D)  Mutualistic bacteria in the hindgut of the termite digest the cellulose into sugars.

Question 12

Constipation can result from the consumption of a substance that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  promotes water reabsorption in the large intestine 
B)  speeds up movement of material in the large intestine 
C)  decreases water reabsorption in the small intestine 
D)  increases chemical digestion in the small intestine 
A)  promotes water reabsorption in the large intestine 
B)  speeds up movement of material in the large intestine 
C)  decreases water reabsorption in the small intestine 
D)  increases chemical digestion in the small intestine

Question 13

Which group of animals are characterized by having a relatively long cecum?

Accepted Answer

A)  carnivores 
B)  herbivores 
C)  autotrophs 
D)  omnivores 
A)  carnivores 
B)  herbivores 
C)  autotrophs 
D)  omnivores

Question 14

In which organ does almost all enzymatic digestion of food occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach 
B)  small intestine 
C)  large intestine 
D)  pancreas 
A)  stomach 
B)  small intestine 
C)  large intestine 
D)  pancreas

Question 15

If you found a vertebrate skull in the woods and the teeth were sharp and scissor-like, which type of food would you expect this animal to eat?

Accepted Answer

A)  grass stems and leaves 
B)  animal flesh 
C)  plant nectar 
D)  animal blood 
A)  grass stems and leaves 
B)  animal flesh 
C)  plant nectar 
D)  animal blood

Question 16

When used appropriately by a patient, antibiotic treatment can effectively reduce bacteria populations and help fight infections. However, antibiotic treatments can have unintended effects. What is one concern when using antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibiotics also damage animal cells, so they can be more harmful than a bacterial infection. 
B)  Antibiotics cause viruses to become more effective at infecting cells. 
C)  Each antibiotic is only effective against one type of bacteria, so effects on infection are limited. 
D)  Antibiotics may also kill the beneficial bacteria of the microbiome, thereby disrupting digestive health. 
A)  Antibiotics also damage animal cells, so they can be more harmful than a bacterial infection. 
B)  Antibiotics cause viruses to become more effective at infecting cells. 
C)  Each antibiotic is only effective against one type of bacteria, so effects on infection are limited. 
D)  Antibiotics may also kill the beneficial bacteria of the microbiome, thereby disrupting digestive health.

Question 17

In a hydra, digestion is completed ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  intracellularly 
B)  extracellularly 
C)  in the alimentary canal 
D)  in the gastrovascular cavity 
A)  intracellularly 
B)  extracellularly 
C)  in the alimentary canal 
D)  in the gastrovascular cavity

Question 18

The process by which digested dietary substances cross cell membranes to be used by the body is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ingestion 
B)  digestion 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  absorption 
A)  ingestion 
B)  digestion 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  absorption

Exam 42: Animal Digestive Systems

It is important for pregnant women to consume folic acid supplements because ________.

If you exercise, which stored fuel do you use first?

After surgical removal of the gallbladder, a person might need to limit his or her dietary intake of ________.

Food being digested in the stomach is in a highly acidic environment. The pH of the small intestine is higher than that of the stomach. Which statement best explains why this occurs?

Examine the digestive system structures in the figure. In which labeled structure are bacteria that produce vitamins found in the greatest concentration?

A zoologist analyzes the jawbones of an extinct mammal and concludes that it was an herbivore. How did the zoologist most likely arrive at this conclusion?

What is the importance of the mucus that is released by salivary glands?

Iodine deficiency in mammals will most likely result in ________.

In which digestive system organ does nearly all nutrient absorption occur?

Which of the following is an advantage of a complete digestive system?

Animals cannot produce enzymes to digest cellulose, yet many termite species consume cellulose from plant material as a main part of their diet. How do termites access the nutrients contained in cellulose?

Constipation can result from the consumption of a substance that ________.

Which group of animals are characterized by having a relatively long cecum?

In which organ does almost all enzymatic digestion of food occur?

If you found a vertebrate skull in the woods and the teeth were sharp and scissor-like, which type of food would you expect this animal to eat?

When used appropriately by a patient, antibiotic treatment can effectively reduce bacteria populations and help fight infections. However, antibiotic treatments can have unintended effects. What is one concern when using antibiotics?

In a hydra, digestion is completed ________.

The process by which digested dietary substances cross cell membranes to be used by the body is known as ________.

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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