Question 1

What is the consequence of lateral inhibition via horizontal cells in the mammalian retina?

Accepted Answer

A)  the habituation of vision 
B)  the enhancement of visual contrast 
C)  the prevention of bleaching in bright light 
D)  the recycling of neurotransmitters 
A)  the habituation of vision 
B)  the enhancement of visual contrast 
C)  the prevention of bleaching in bright light 
D)  the recycling of neurotransmitters

Question 2

Which of the following responds to capsaicin?

Accepted Answer

A)  cold temperature 
B)  hot temperature 
C)  odor of pepper 
D)  deep pressure 
A)  cold temperature 
B)  hot temperature 
C)  odor of pepper 
D)  deep pressure

Question 3

Which of the following events will produce dizziness?

Accepted Answer

A)  the hair cells in the cochlea move more than their normal limits 
B)  moving fluid in the semicircular canals encounters a stationary cupula 
C)  vibrations in the oval window exceed vibrations in the round window 
D)  the basilar membrane makes physical contact with the tectorial membrane 
A)  the hair cells in the cochlea move more than their normal limits 
B)  moving fluid in the semicircular canals encounters a stationary cupula 
C)  vibrations in the oval window exceed vibrations in the round window 
D)  the basilar membrane makes physical contact with the tectorial membrane

Question 4

The genes that specify where and when photoreceptors arise during embryonic development are shared among flatworms, annelids, arthropods, and vertebrates. What can we conclude from this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Members of these four groups are more closely related to each other than to other groups. 
B)  What humans see is very similar to the images seen by flatworms, annelids, and arthropods. 
C)  The genetic underpinnings of all photoreceptors were present in the earliest bilaterian animals. 
D)  A single-lens eye has been favored throughout most of animal evolution. 
A)  Members of these four groups are more closely related to each other than to other groups. 
B)  What humans see is very similar to the images seen by flatworms, annelids, and arthropods. 
C)  The genetic underpinnings of all photoreceptors were present in the earliest bilaterian animals. 
D)  A single-lens eye has been favored throughout most of animal evolution.

Question 5

What do all sensory receptors use to generate a receptor potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  ion channels 
B)  gap junctions 
C)  changes in the cytoskeleton 
D)  neurotransmitters 
A)  ion channels 
B)  gap junctions 
C)  changes in the cytoskeleton 
D)  neurotransmitters

Question 6

What causes the darker color of dark meat in chickens?

Accepted Answer

A)  an abundance of myoglobin in the dark meat muscle cells 
B)  the higher density of mitochondria in dark meat muscle cells 
C)  the abundant sarcoplasmic reticulum in dark meat muscle cells 
D)  the accumulation of blood within dark meat muscle cells 
A)  an abundance of myoglobin in the dark meat muscle cells 
B)  the higher density of mitochondria in dark meat muscle cells 
C)  the abundant sarcoplasmic reticulum in dark meat muscle cells 
D)  the accumulation of blood within dark meat muscle cells

Question 7

The middle ear converts ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  air pressure waves to fluid pressure waves 
B)  air pressure waves to nerve impulses 
C)  fluid pressure waves to nerve impulses 
D)  pressure waves to hair cell movements 
A)  air pressure waves to fluid pressure waves 
B)  air pressure waves to nerve impulses 
C)  fluid pressure waves to nerve impulses 
D)  pressure waves to hair cell movements

Question 8

Hair cells in the vertebrate ear are responsible for transducing sound pressure waves. What causes ion channels in the hair cell membrane to open?

Accepted Answer

A)  a chemical ligand binds to the ion channel 
B)  light is absorbed by a molecule in the membrane 
C)  the cell membrane reaches a threshold voltage 
D)  the bending of hairlike projections on the hair cells 
A)  a chemical ligand binds to the ion channel 
B)  light is absorbed by a molecule in the membrane 
C)  the cell membrane reaches a threshold voltage 
D)  the bending of hairlike projections on the hair cells

Question 9

Which of the following organisms moves by peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

A)  octopus 
B)  snake 
C)  earthworm 
D)  caterpillar 
A)  octopus 
B)  snake 
C)  earthworm 
D)  caterpillar

Question 10

Which of the following are connected by a ball-and-socket joint?

Accepted Answer

A)  the radius to the ulna 
B)  the radius to the humerus 
C)  the ulna to the humerus 
D)  the humerus to the scapula 
A)  the radius to the ulna 
B)  the radius to the humerus 
C)  the ulna to the humerus 
D)  the humerus to the scapula

Question 11

Which of the following organisms uses an airfoil for locomotion?

Accepted Answer

A)  pigeon 
B)  kangaroo 
C)  cheetah 
D)  tuna 
A)  pigeon 
B)  kangaroo 
C)  cheetah 
D)  tuna

Question 12

In the olfactory receptor cells of mammals, what binds to specific odorant molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  G protein-coupled receptor proteins 
B)  ligand-gated ion channels 
C)  acetylcholine receptors 
D)  glutamate receptors 
A)  G protein-coupled receptor proteins 
B)  ligand-gated ion channels 
C)  acetylcholine receptors 
D)  glutamate receptors

Question 13

Which of the following would stimulate the umami receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  chocolate milk 
B)  a slice of roast beef 
C)  acidic orange juice 
D)  salt water 
A)  chocolate milk 
B)  a slice of roast beef 
C)  acidic orange juice 
D)  salt water

Question 14

What causes the striated patterns seen in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  aligned borders of sarcomeres 
B)  regular patches of myosin-binding sites along the lengths of thin filaments 
C)  repeated patches of myosin heads along the length of thick filaments 
D)  a repeated pattern of thick and thin regions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum 
A)  aligned borders of sarcomeres 
B)  regular patches of myosin-binding sites along the lengths of thin filaments 
C)  repeated patches of myosin heads along the length of thick filaments 
D)  a repeated pattern of thick and thin regions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

Which of the following organisms has an endoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  earthworm 
B)  beetle 
C)  shark 
D)  oyster 
A)  earthworm 
B)  beetle 
C)  shark 
D)  oyster

Question 16

What cells provide sensory transduction of light in the vertebrate retina?

Accepted Answer

A)  ganglion cells 
B)  amacrine cells 
C)  bipolar cells 
D)  rods and cones 
A)  ganglion cells 
B)  amacrine cells 
C)  bipolar cells 
D)  rods and cones

Question 17

Two students studying physiology taste a known "bitter" substance, and both report sensing bitterness. They then sample another substance. With the new substance, student A reports sensing both a bitter taste and a salty taste, but student B reports only a salty taste. Which of the following best explains the observations from the experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Student A had an allergic reaction to the food, causing her to perceive the food as being bitter. 
B)  Student B has a protein receptor capable of detecting a bitter molecule found in that substance, whereas student A lacks that particular protein receptor. 
C)  Student A has a protein receptor capable of detecting a bitter molecule found in that substance, whereas student B lacks that particular protein receptor. 
D)  Student A has normal saliva, whereas student B's saliva is more alkaline than normal. 
A)  Student A had an allergic reaction to the food, causing her to perceive the food as being bitter. 
B)  Student B has a protein receptor capable of detecting a bitter molecule found in that substance, whereas student A lacks that particular protein receptor. 
C)  Student A has a protein receptor capable of detecting a bitter molecule found in that substance, whereas student B lacks that particular protein receptor. 
D)  Student A has normal saliva, whereas student B's saliva is more alkaline than normal.

Question 18

Which of the following lists the correct sequence of sensory processing?

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus reception → transmission → transduction → perception 
B)  stimulus reception → transduction → transmission → perception 
C)  perception → transduction → transmission → stimulus reception 
D)  transmission → stimulus reception → perception → transduction 
A)  stimulus reception → transmission → transduction → perception 
B)  stimulus reception → transduction → transmission → perception 
C)  perception → transduction → transmission → stimulus reception 
D)  transmission → stimulus reception → perception → transduction

Question 19

Which of the following generates the force of contraction of skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  myosin filaments coil up and shorten 
B)  sarcomeres coil up and shorten 
C)  actin cross-bridges bind to myosin and transition from a high-energy to a low-energy state 
D)  myosin cross-bridges bind to actin and transition from a high-energy to a low-energy state 
A)  myosin filaments coil up and shorten 
B)  sarcomeres coil up and shorten 
C)  actin cross-bridges bind to myosin and transition from a high-energy to a low-energy state 
D)  myosin cross-bridges bind to actin and transition from a high-energy to a low-energy state

Question 20

Standing in line, waiting to board a bus, you leave your backpack on the ground. Deciding to move your backpack you pick it up and set it down close by. Your biceps and other muscles contract when you lift up the backpack and relax when you set it down. Which of the following is the most likely reason that the biceps extended back to its original length?

Accepted Answer

A)  the weight of the backpack extended the biceps when the biceps relaxed 
B)  calcium was returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, allowing myosin heads to push the actin fibers apart 
C)  when myosin heads detach from actin filaments, they help to extend the actin back to its extended length 
D)  tropomyosin, a regulatory protein, binds to exposed myosin-binding sites causing actin filaments to uncoil and extend back to their original uncontracted lengths. 
A)  the weight of the backpack extended the biceps when the biceps relaxed 
B)  calcium was returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, allowing myosin heads to push the actin fibers apart 
C)  when myosin heads detach from actin filaments, they help to extend the actin back to its extended length 
D)  tropomyosin, a regulatory protein, binds to exposed myosin-binding sites causing actin filaments to uncoil and extend back to their original uncontracted lengths.

Exam 50: Sensation and Movement in Animals

What is the consequence of lateral inhibition via horizontal cells in the mammalian retina?

Which of the following responds to capsaicin?

Which of the following events will produce dizziness?

The genes that specify where and when photoreceptors arise during embryonic development are shared among flatworms, annelids, arthropods, and vertebrates. What can we conclude from this observation?

What do all sensory receptors use to generate a receptor potential?

What causes the darker color of dark meat in chickens?

The middle ear converts ________.

Hair cells in the vertebrate ear are responsible for transducing sound pressure waves. What causes ion channels in the hair cell membrane to open?

Which of the following organisms moves by peristalsis?

Which of the following are connected by a ball-and-socket joint?

Which of the following organisms uses an airfoil for locomotion?

In the olfactory receptor cells of mammals, what binds to specific odorant molecules?

Which of the following would stimulate the umami receptor?

What causes the striated patterns seen in skeletal muscle?

Which of the following organisms has an endoskeleton?

What cells provide sensory transduction of light in the vertebrate retina?

Which of the following lists the correct sequence of sensory processing?

Which of the following generates the force of contraction of skeletal muscle cells?

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

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Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

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Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

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Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

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