Question 1

Which of the following can be attributed to water's high specific heat?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oil and water do not mix well. 
B)  A lake heats up more slowly than the air around it. 
C)  Ice floats on water. 
D)  Sugar dissolves in hot tea faster than in iced tea. 
A)  Oil and water do not mix well. 
B)  A lake heats up more slowly than the air around it. 
C)  Ice floats on water. 
D)  Sugar dissolves in hot tea faster than in iced tea.

Question 2

How would you describe a buffer solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  weak acid and its conjugate base 
B)  strong acid and its conjugate base 
C)  weak base and its conjugate acid 
D)  strong base and its conjugate acid 
A)  weak acid and its conjugate base 
B)  strong acid and its conjugate base 
C)  weak base and its conjugate acid 
D)  strong base and its conjugate acid

Question 3

As the [H3O+] of the solution decreases, the [OH-] ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases and thus pH increases 
B)  increases and thus pH decreases 
C)  decreases and thus the pH decreases 
D)  decreases and thus the pH increases 
A)  increases and thus pH increases 
B)  increases and thus pH decreases 
C)  decreases and thus the pH decreases 
D)  decreases and thus the pH increases

Question 4

What is the pH of a solution with a hydroxyl ion (OH-) concentration of 10-10 M?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 2 
B)  pH 4 
C)  pH 10 
D)  pH 12 
A)  pH 2 
B)  pH 4 
C)  pH 10 
D)  pH 12

Question 5

Which of the following reasons explains why a steam burn is more severe than a hot water burn?

Accepted Answer

A)  Burns caused by liquids are always milder. 
B)  Steam can penetrate the skin. 
C)  Steam contains more energy than water. 
D)  Water evaporates and leaves the surface faster and helps in cooling. 
A)  Burns caused by liquids are always milder. 
B)  Steam can penetrate the skin. 
C)  Steam contains more energy than water. 
D)  Water evaporates and leaves the surface faster and helps in cooling.

Question 6

If a few drops of HCl is added to the buffer solution with the following equilibrium, ________.
NH4+(aq) + H2O(1) ⇔ H3O+(aq) + NH3(aq)

Accepted Answer

A)  the concentrations of both NH3 and NH4+ decrease 
B)  the concentrations of both NH3 and NH4+ increase 
C)  the concentration of NH3 increases but NH4+ decreases 
D)  the concentration of NH3 decreases but NH4+ increases 
A)  the concentrations of both NH3 and NH4+ decrease 
B)  the concentrations of both NH3 and NH4+ increase 
C)  the concentration of NH3 increases but NH4+ decreases 
D)  the concentration of NH3 decreases but NH4+ increases

Question 7

The partial negative charge in a molecule of water occurs because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the oxygen atom donates an electron to each of the hydrogen atoms 
B)  the electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus 
C)  the oxygen atom has two pairs of electrons in its valence shell that are not neutralized by hydrogen atoms 
D)  one of the hydrogen atoms donates an electron to the oxygen atom 
A)  the oxygen atom donates an electron to each of the hydrogen atoms 
B)  the electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus 
C)  the oxygen atom has two pairs of electrons in its valence shell that are not neutralized by hydrogen atoms 
D)  one of the hydrogen atoms donates an electron to the oxygen atom

Question 8

How does 0.5 M sucrose (molecular mass 342) solution compare to 0.5 M glucose (molecular mass 180) solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both have 6.02 × 1023 molecules. 
B)  Sucrose has 171 molecules, whereas glucose has 90. 
C)  Both have 3.01 × 1023 molecules. 
D)  Sucrose has 171 mg/L, whereas glucose has 90 mg/L. 
A)  Both have 6.02 × 1023 molecules. 
B)  Sucrose has 171 molecules, whereas glucose has 90. 
C)  Both have 3.01 × 1023 molecules. 
D)  Sucrose has 171 mg/L, whereas glucose has 90 mg/L.

Question 9

Assume that acid rain has lowered the pH of a lake to pH 5.0. What is the hydroxide ion concentration of this lake?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 × 10-9 mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water 
B)  1 × 10-5 mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water 
C)  5.0 M hydroxide ion 
D)  5.0 × 10-5 mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water 
A)  1 × 10-9 mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water 
B)  1 × 10-5 mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water 
C)  5.0 M hydroxide ion 
D)  5.0 × 10-5 mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water

Question 10

Which of the following graphs describes the relationship between [H3O+] and pH?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D)

Question 11

Which of the following effects can occur because of the high surface tension of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lakes cannot freeze solid in winter, despite low temperatures. 
B)  A raft spider can walk across the surface of a small pond. 
C)  Organisms can resist temperature changes, although they give off heat due to chemical reactions. 
D)  Sweat can evaporate from the skin, helping to keep people from overheating. 
A)  Lakes cannot freeze solid in winter, despite low temperatures. 
B)  A raft spider can walk across the surface of a small pond. 
C)  Organisms can resist temperature changes, although they give off heat due to chemical reactions. 
D)  Sweat can evaporate from the skin, helping to keep people from overheating.

Question 12

One mole (mol) of glucose (molecular mass = 180 daltons) is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  180 × 1023 molecules of glucose 
B)  1 kilogram of glucose dissolved in 1 liter of solution 
C)  180 mL of dissolved glucose 
D)  180 grams of glucose 
A)  180 × 1023 molecules of glucose 
B)  1 kilogram of glucose dissolved in 1 liter of solution 
C)  180 mL of dissolved glucose 
D)  180 grams of glucose

Question 13

Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: CO2 + H2O ⇔ H2CO3. What would be the effect of adding additional H2O?

Accepted Answer

A)  It would drive the equilibrium dynamics to the right. 
B)  It would drive the equilibrium dynamics to the left. 
C)  Nothing would happen because the reactants and products are in equilibrium. 
D)  Reactions in both the directions will slow down. 
A)  It would drive the equilibrium dynamics to the right. 
B)  It would drive the equilibrium dynamics to the left. 
C)  Nothing would happen because the reactants and products are in equilibrium. 
D)  Reactions in both the directions will slow down.

Question 14

Which of the following statements correctly describes the property of hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil?

Accepted Answer

A)  nonpolar substances that repel water molecules 
B)  nonpolar substances that have an attraction for water molecules 
C)  polar substances that repel water molecules 
D)  polar substances that have an affinity for water 
A)  nonpolar substances that repel water molecules 
B)  nonpolar substances that have an attraction for water molecules 
C)  polar substances that repel water molecules 
D)  polar substances that have an affinity for water

Question 15

What will be the most likely change in pH when the H+ ions in the solution is increased to twice its original concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.6 to 1.3 
B)  4.0 to 2.0 
C)  5.0 to 2.5 
D)  9.5 to 6.5 
A)  1.6 to 1.3 
B)  4.0 to 2.0 
C)  5.0 to 2.5 
D)  9.5 to 6.5

Exam 3: The Chemistry of Water

Which of the following can be attributed to water's high specific heat?

How would you describe a buffer solution?

As the [H3O+] of the solution decreases, the [OH-] ________.

What is the pH of a solution with a hydroxyl ion (OH-) concentration of 10-10 M?

Which of the following reasons explains why a steam burn is more severe than a hot water burn?

If a few drops of HCl is added to the buffer solution with the following equilibrium, ________. NH4+(aq) + H2O(1) ⇔ H3O+(aq) + NH3(aq)

The partial negative charge in a molecule of water occurs because ________.

How does 0.5 M sucrose (molecular mass 342) solution compare to 0.5 M glucose (molecular mass 180) solution?

Assume that acid rain has lowered the pH of a lake to pH 5.0. What is the hydroxide ion concentration of this lake?

Which of the following graphs describes the relationship between [H3O+] and pH?

Which of the following effects can occur because of the high surface tension of water?

One mole (mol) of glucose (molecular mass = 180 daltons) is ________.

Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: CO2 + H2O ⇔ H2CO3. What would be the effect of adding additional H2O?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the property of hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil?

What will be the most likely change in pH when the H+ ions in the solution is increased to twice its original concentration?

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

Filters

If a few drops of HCl is added to the buffer solution with the following equilibrium, ________. NH4+(aq) + H₂O(1) ⇔ H3O+(aq) + NH3(aq)

Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: CO₂ + H₂O ⇔ H₂CO3. What would be the effect of adding additional H₂O?