Question 1

Vertebrates and tunicates share ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  jaws adapted for feeding 
B)  a high degree of cephalization 
C)  an endoskeleton that includes a skull 
D)  a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord 
A)  jaws adapted for feeding 
B)  a high degree of cephalization 
C)  an endoskeleton that includes a skull 
D)  a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord

Question 2

Jaws first occurred in which of the following group of fishes?

Accepted Answer

A)  lampreys 
B)  chondrichthyans 
C)  ray-finned fishes 
D)  placoderms 
A)  lampreys 
B)  chondrichthyans 
C)  ray-finned fishes 
D)  placoderms

Question 3

In a typical ray-finned fish, the swim bladder allows individuals to perform which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  effectively circulate its blood 
B)  use its lateral line system 
C)  use its swim bladder as a respiratory organ 
D)  remain buoyant 
A)  effectively circulate its blood 
B)  use its lateral line system 
C)  use its swim bladder as a respiratory organ 
D)  remain buoyant

Question 4

Which of the following characteristics occur in Homo naledi?

Accepted Answer

A)  large brain, feet that allowed bipedal walking, hands able to manipulate small objects 
B)  large brain, feet that allowed occasional erect posture, hands able to manipulate small objects 
C)  small brain, feet that allowed bipedal walking, hands able to manipulate small objects 
D)  small brain, feet that allowed bipedal walking, hands able to swing from branch to branch 
A)  large brain, feet that allowed bipedal walking, hands able to manipulate small objects 
B)  large brain, feet that allowed occasional erect posture, hands able to manipulate small objects 
C)  small brain, feet that allowed bipedal walking, hands able to manipulate small objects 
D)  small brain, feet that allowed bipedal walking, hands able to swing from branch to branch

Question 5

Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lack nipples 
B)  have some embryonic development outside the uterus 
C)  lay eggs 
D)  are found in Australia and Africa 
A)  lack nipples 
B)  have some embryonic development outside the uterus 
C)  lay eggs 
D)  are found in Australia and Africa

Question 6

Adult urochordates (tunicates) lack notochords, even though larval urochordates have them. What is the function of notochords in larval urochordates?

Accepted Answer

A)  they aid in swimming 
B)  they stiffen their bodies 
C)  they induce tissue differentiation 
D)  they organize their nervous systems 
A)  they aid in swimming 
B)  they stiffen their bodies 
C)  they induce tissue differentiation 
D)  they organize their nervous systems

Question 7

What is believed to be the most significant result of the evolution of the amniotic egg?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tetrapods are no longer tied to the water for reproduction. 
B)  Tetrapods can now function with just lungs. 
C)  Newborns are much less dependent on their parents. 
D)  Embryos are protected from predators. 
A)  Tetrapods are no longer tied to the water for reproduction. 
B)  Tetrapods can now function with just lungs. 
C)  Newborns are much less dependent on their parents. 
D)  Embryos are protected from predators.

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of all chordates at some point during their life cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  jaws 
B)  post-anal tail 
C)  four-chambered heart 
D)  vertebrae 
A)  jaws 
B)  post-anal tail 
C)  four-chambered heart 
D)  vertebrae

Question 9

If a ray-finned fish is to both hover (remain stationary) in the water column and ventilate its gills effectively, then what other structure besides its swim bladder will it use?

Accepted Answer

A)  its pectoral fins 
B)  its lateral line system 
C)  its caudal (tail) fin 
D)  its operculum 
A)  its pectoral fins 
B)  its lateral line system 
C)  its caudal (tail) fin 
D)  its operculum

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the geographic distribution of marsupials is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  they occur only in Australia and New Guinea 
B)  they occur on all continents except Antarctica 
C)  they occur in Australia and the Americas 
D)  they occur only in Africa 
A)  they occur only in Australia and New Guinea 
B)  they occur on all continents except Antarctica 
C)  they occur in Australia and the Americas 
D)  they occur only in Africa

Question 11

Which of these traits is most strongly associated with the evolution of bipedalism?

Accepted Answer

A)  enhanced depth perception 
B)  shortened hind limbs 
C)  opposable big toe 
D)  repositioning of foramen magnum 
A)  enhanced depth perception 
B)  shortened hind limbs 
C)  opposable big toe 
D)  repositioning of foramen magnum

Question 12

Which of the following characteristics is shared by a hagfish and a lamprey?

Accepted Answer

A)  a rasping tongue 
B)  paired fins 
C)  jaws 
D)  a well-developed notochord 
A)  a rasping tongue 
B)  paired fins 
C)  jaws 
D)  a well-developed notochord

Question 13

Which of the following are the only extant animals that descended directly from dinosaurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  lizards 
B)  crocodiles 
C)  birds 
D)  tuataras 
A)  lizards 
B)  crocodiles 
C)  birds 
D)  tuataras

Question 14

Which of following reproductive strategies in mammals involves the mother laying eggs that hatch outside of her body?

Accepted Answer

A)  oviparous reproduction 
B)  ovoviviparous reproduction 
C)  viviparous reproduction 
D)  asexual reproduction 
A)  oviparous reproduction 
B)  ovoviviparous reproduction 
C)  viviparous reproduction 
D)  asexual reproduction

Question 15

Which of the following statements describes one of the differences between tunicates and other chordates?

Accepted Answer

A)  tunicates have 9 Hox genes whereas other chordates have 13 Hox genes 
B)  other chordates have 9 Hox genes whereas tunicates have 13 Hox genes 
C)  chordate characters in tunicates are more apparent in the adult stage than in the larval stage while all other chordates only exhibit these characteristics as larvae 
D)  lancelets and tunicates express different Hox genes that direct the development of the dorsal nerve cord 
A)  tunicates have 9 Hox genes whereas other chordates have 13 Hox genes 
B)  other chordates have 9 Hox genes whereas tunicates have 13 Hox genes 
C)  chordate characters in tunicates are more apparent in the adult stage than in the larval stage while all other chordates only exhibit these characteristics as larvae 
D)  lancelets and tunicates express different Hox genes that direct the development of the dorsal nerve cord

Question 16

Which of the following analyses would best help to determine if a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal?

Accepted Answer

A)  look for the presence of milk-producing glands 
B)  look for the mammalian characteristics of a four-chambered heart and a diaphragm 
C)  use molecular analysis to look for the protein keratin 
D)  examine the teeth 
A)  look for the presence of milk-producing glands 
B)  look for the mammalian characteristics of a four-chambered heart and a diaphragm 
C)  use molecular analysis to look for the protein keratin 
D)  examine the teeth

Question 17

Which of the following characteristics allowed early gnathostomes to become successful predators?

Accepted Answer

A)  fins stiffened with bone that increased maneuverability and improved gas exchange through the skin 
B)  fins stiffened with bone that increased maneuverability and improved gas exchange in the gills 
C)  lobe fins that allowed temporary access to land and improved gas exchange through the skin 
D)  lobe fins that allowed temporary access to land and improved gas exchange in the gills 
A)  fins stiffened with bone that increased maneuverability and improved gas exchange through the skin 
B)  fins stiffened with bone that increased maneuverability and improved gas exchange in the gills 
C)  lobe fins that allowed temporary access to land and improved gas exchange through the skin 
D)  lobe fins that allowed temporary access to land and improved gas exchange in the gills

Question 18

Which of the following characteristics is exhibited by both monotremes and marsupials?

Accepted Answer

A)  lack nipples 
B)  have some embryonic development outside the uterus 
C)  lay eggs 
D)  are found in Australia and Africa 
A)  lack nipples 
B)  have some embryonic development outside the uterus 
C)  lay eggs 
D)  are found in Australia and Africa

Question 19

Which of the following groups includes members that all have fully opposable thumbs?

Accepted Answer

A)  apes 
B)  Homo 
C)  anthropoids 
D)  primates 
A)  apes 
B)  Homo 
C)  anthropoids 
D)  primates

Question 20

Which clade includes humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  diapsids 
B)  synapsids 
C)  cyclostomes 
D)  archosaur 
A)  diapsids 
B)  synapsids 
C)  cyclostomes 
D)  archosaur

Exam 34: Vertebrates

Vertebrates and tunicates share ________.

Jaws first occurred in which of the following group of fishes?

In a typical ray-finned fish, the swim bladder allows individuals to perform which of the following processes?

Which of the following characteristics occur in Homo naledi?

Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials ________.

Adult urochordates (tunicates) lack notochords, even though larval urochordates have them. What is the function of notochords in larval urochordates?

What is believed to be the most significant result of the evolution of the amniotic egg?

Which of the following is a characteristic of all chordates at some point during their life cycle?

If a ray-finned fish is to both hover (remain stationary) in the water column and ventilate its gills effectively, then what other structure besides its swim bladder will it use?

Which of the following statements about the geographic distribution of marsupials is accurate?

Which of these traits is most strongly associated with the evolution of bipedalism?

Which of the following characteristics is shared by a hagfish and a lamprey?

Which of the following are the only extant animals that descended directly from dinosaurs?

Which of following reproductive strategies in mammals involves the mother laying eggs that hatch outside of her body?

Which of the following statements describes one of the differences between tunicates and other chordates?

Which of the following analyses would best help to determine if a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal?

Which of the following characteristics allowed early gnathostomes to become successful predators?

Which of the following characteristics is exhibited by both monotremes and marsupials?

Which of the following groups includes members that all have fully opposable thumbs?

Which clade includes humans?

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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