Exam 43: Animal Transport Systems

A physiologist is tracking airflow through an animal's body. The animal inhales once and exhales once. After the animal exhales, the physiologist does not detect any of the initially inhaled air. Which animal is the physiologist likely observing?

Although having evolved independently, the tracheal tubes of mammals and insects are both supported by rigid tissues. The trachea of a mammal are supported by cartilage, and the tracheae of an insect are supported by chitin. Which of the following is a selective pressure that most likely led to the convergent evolution of these respiratory structures?

Which statement best describes how diving mammals are different than mammals that are not adapted for diving?

Some human infants, especially those born prematurely, suffer serious respiratory failure because of ________.

Suppose an organism had a mutation in the thrombin gene such that the thrombin protein was nonfunctional. Which of the following is the most likely impact that the mutation would have on this organism?

One feature that amphibians and humans have in common is ________.

What is the theoretical cardiac output of a patient with a heart rate of 70 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat?

The greatest difference in the concentration of respiratory gases is found in which of the following pairs of mammalian blood vessels?

Which of the following would an organism need to adjust blood pressure independently in the blood vessels of the gas-exchange surface and in the blood vessels of the general body circulation?

How many capillary beds must a red blood cell pass through to move from an artery in the left arm to the left ventricle of the heart?

Which of the following features of the mammalian circulatory system helps to prevent damage to capillaries from high arterial blood pressure?

Which of the following is most analogous in structure and function to the circulatory systems of bony fishes, rays, and sharks?

Damage to the SA node in humans is most likely to result in a ________.

Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into the ________.

What is a person's total lung capacity if they have a tidal volume of 450 mL (milliliters), a vital capacity of 4,000 mL, and a residual volume of 1,000 mL?

Circulatory systems help to overcome which of the following physiological challenges?

Consider the following reaction. Which of the following would happen if the pH of the blood was decreased? CO₂ + H₂O ⇔ H₂CO3 ⇔ HCO3- + H+

Respiratory acidosis is a condition that can result from decreased ventilation rates (hypoventilation). If a sign of respiratory acidosis is decreased blood pH, which of the following is most likely true about the blood in the body?