Exam 44: Animal Excretory Systems

Studies of cricket Malpighian tubules revealed that potassium ions accumulated inside the tubule, moving against the potassium concentration gradient. Based on the information, which of the following is the best inference about the mechanism of potassium transport?

Ammonia is likely to be the primary nitrogenous waste from organisms that evolved in which of the following habitats?

Use the following figure to answer the question. Which labeled structure is influenced by hormones to change the concentration of the urine?

Unlike most bony fishes, sharks maintain body fluids that are isoosmotic to seawater, so they are considered by many to be osmoconformers. Nonetheless, sharks osmoregulate at least partially by ________.

Excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules are present in which of the following organisms?

Nitrogenous waste from an unknown animal is collected and analyzed. The waste is sticky like glue or paste, and upon chemical analysis contains a molecule composed of two fused rings. The waste is most likely from which of the following animals?

Which answer best describes the formation of urea in mammals?

An increase in protein kinase A activity in all cells of the collecting duct cells will most likely have which effect on kidney function?

Which of the following is an advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia?

Use the following figure to answer the question. Which labeled structure identifies where filtration take place in the kidney?

Use the following figure to answer the question. Which labeled structure identifies where selective secretion of toxins and drugs take place?

Which of the following best explains the death of a freshwater fish that had been placed accidentally in saltwater?

Which statement best describes the process of secretion?

Which of the following best describes the role of transport epithelia in osmoregulation of marine fish with bony skeletons?

Which statement best explains the relatively high metabolic rate of kidneys compared to the other body organs?

Compared to the seawater around them, most marine invertebrates are ________.

Which of the following can trigger osmoregulatory adjustment via the atrial natriuretic peptide system?

Salmon eggs hatch in fresh water. The fish then migrate to the ocean (a hyperosmotic solution) and, after several years of feeding and growing, return to fresh water to breed. Which statement best explains how these organisms make the transition from fresh water to ocean water and back to fresh water?

Which of the following will likely occur in a human who has no access to fresh water but is forced to drink seawater instead?

The loop of Henle dips into the renal cortex. Which statement best explains the advantage of this feature for osmoregulation in terrestrial vertebrates?