Question 1

The overall size of unicellular microbial eukaryotes is limited by their

Accepted Answer

A)  energy-producing potential. 
B)  nuclear volume. 
C)  mitochondria. 
D)  surface area-to-volume ratio. 
E)  chloroplasts. 
A)  energy-producing potential. 
B)  nuclear volume. 
C)  mitochondria. 
D)  surface area-to-volume ratio. 
E)  chloroplasts.

Question 2

Alveolates typically

Accepted Answer

A)  have two unequal flagella, one of which has hairs. 
B)  possess long, thin pseudopods. 
C)  have lobe-shaped pseudopods. 
D)  possess sacs just beneath their plasma membranes. 
E)  lack mitochondria. 
A)  have two unequal flagella, one of which has hairs. 
B)  possess long, thin pseudopods. 
C)  have lobe-shaped pseudopods. 
D)  possess sacs just beneath their plasma membranes. 
E)  lack mitochondria.

Question 3

Which of the following concerning conjugation in paramecia is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The macronuclei undergo meiosis, resulting in sperm and eggs. 
B)  Nuclear material is exchanged. 
C)  Each cell ends up with two haploid micronuclei, one of its own and one from the other cell. 
D)  Two haploid nuclei fuse to form a new diploid micronucleus. 
E)  An equivalent amount of DNA is exchanged. 
A)  The macronuclei undergo meiosis, resulting in sperm and eggs. 
B)  Nuclear material is exchanged. 
C)  Each cell ends up with two haploid micronuclei, one of its own and one from the other cell. 
D)  Two haploid nuclei fuse to form a new diploid micronucleus. 
E)  An equivalent amount of DNA is exchanged.

Question 4

If diatoms were restricted to asexual reproduction alone, what issues might arise, both physically and from a genetic standpoint?

Accepted Answer

Diatoms reproduce asexually through bina

Question 5

All eukaryotes that are not plants, fungi, or animals have traditionally been called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All eukaryotes that are not plants, fungi,...

Question 6

Which statement about microbial eukaryotes is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Multicellular groups evolved from microbial eukaryotes. 
B)  Photosynthetic microbial eukaryotes play a major role in the energy balance of the living world. 
C)  There are no parasitic forms of microbial eukaryotes. 
D)  Saprobic microbial eukaryotes are among the important decomposers and thus play a major role in the nutrient cycles of the living world. 
E)  Many microbial eukaryotes have highly differentiated bodies, even though they consist of only one cell. 
A)  Multicellular groups evolved from microbial eukaryotes. 
B)  Photosynthetic microbial eukaryotes play a major role in the energy balance of the living world. 
C)  There are no parasitic forms of microbial eukaryotes. 
D)  Saprobic microbial eukaryotes are among the important decomposers and thus play a major role in the nutrient cycles of the living world. 
E)  Many microbial eukaryotes have highly differentiated bodies, even though they consist of only one cell.

Question 7

Which feature, possessed by eukaryotes but lacking in cyanobacteria, allowed formation of a nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flexible cell membrane 
B)  Cilia 
C)  Digestive vacuoles 
D)  Flagella 
E)  Cytoskeletal elements 
A)  Flexible cell membrane 
B)  Cilia 
C)  Digestive vacuoles 
D)  Flagella 
E)  Cytoskeletal elements

Question 8

Trichocysts are

Accepted Answer

A)  sharp darts produced by ciliates. 
B)  needlelike structures found in radiolarians. 
C)  spore-containing structures produced by slime molds. 
D)  resting stages in apicomplexan life cycles. 
E)  produced by coral animals. 
A)  sharp darts produced by ciliates. 
B)  needlelike structures found in radiolarians. 
C)  spore-containing structures produced by slime molds. 
D)  resting stages in apicomplexan life cycles. 
E)  produced by coral animals.

Question 9

Certain protists have a contractile vacuole, which collects and expels excess pure water (H2O).This is most useful for

Accepted Answer

A)  slime molds locomoting on dry land. 
B)  protists in salt water maintaining a hypotonic internal environment. 
C)  dinoflagellates evading predators. 
D)  protists in fresh water maintaining a hypertonic internal environment. 
E)  radiolarians moving by jet propulsion. 
A)  slime molds locomoting on dry land. 
B)  protists in salt water maintaining a hypotonic internal environment. 
C)  dinoflagellates evading predators. 
D)  protists in fresh water maintaining a hypertonic internal environment. 
E)  radiolarians moving by jet propulsion.

Question 10

Which statement concerning alternation of generations is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  When two haploid gametes fuse, a diploid organism is produced. 
B)  The multicellular, gamete-producing organism is diploid. 
C)  The multicellular, spore-producing organism is haploid. 
D)  In heteromorphic alternation of generations, the two generations are identical. 
E)  Individual spores are diploid. 
A)  When two haploid gametes fuse, a diploid organism is produced. 
B)  The multicellular, gamete-producing organism is diploid. 
C)  The multicellular, spore-producing organism is haploid. 
D)  In heteromorphic alternation of generations, the two generations are identical. 
E)  Individual spores are diploid.

Question 11

Why is the presence of a chloroplast not an accurate indicator of phylogenetic relationships?

Accepted Answer

The acquisition of chloroplasts has occu

Question 12

Explain what evidence exists to justify the belief that multicellularity is relatively easy to evolve.

Accepted Answer

Multicellularity has arisen dozens of ti

Question 13

Refer to the figure.   Which statement about the eukaryotes shown is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are specialized to withstand pounding by surf. 
B)  Their color results from a symbiotic relationship with dinoflagellates. 
C)  Their fossilized remains make a major contribution to limestone. 
D)  Their fronds are stiffened with silica. 
E)  Their primary habitat is above the tidal zone on the seashore. 
A)  They are specialized to withstand pounding by surf. 
B)  Their color results from a symbiotic relationship with dinoflagellates. 
C)  Their fossilized remains make a major contribution to limestone. 
D)  Their fronds are stiffened with silica. 
E)  Their primary habitat is above the tidal zone on the seashore.

Question 14

When organic material is digested in a food vacuole, the pH in the vacuole

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases to aid in digestion, and then increases as digestion is completed. 
B)  increases to aid in digestion, and then decreases as digestion is completed. 
C)  stays the same during and after digestion. 
D)  stays the same during digestion, and then increases as digestion is completed. 
E)  increases or decreases depending on the material consumed. 
A)  decreases to aid in digestion, and then increases as digestion is completed. 
B)  increases to aid in digestion, and then decreases as digestion is completed. 
C)  stays the same during and after digestion. 
D)  stays the same during digestion, and then increases as digestion is completed. 
E)  increases or decreases depending on the material consumed.

Question 15

During the evolution of early life on Earth, increasing concentrations of oxygen in the atmosphere were advantageous to

Accepted Answer

A)  prokaryotes containing chloroplasts. 
B)  prokaryotes containing mitochondria. 
C)  eukaryotes containing mitochondria. 
D)  eukaryotes containing chloroplasts. 
E)  both prokaryotes with chloroplasts and eukaryotes with chloroplasts. 
A)  prokaryotes containing chloroplasts. 
B)  prokaryotes containing mitochondria. 
C)  eukaryotes containing mitochondria. 
D)  eukaryotes containing chloroplasts. 
E)  both prokaryotes with chloroplasts and eukaryotes with chloroplasts.

Question 16

The diatoms

Accepted Answer

A)  move using flagella. 
B)  form cell walls containing calcium carbonate. 
C)  are likely to be found in the deep ocean. 
D)  are primary producers. 
E)  are responsible for only a small fraction of photosynthetic CO2 fixation. 
A)  move using flagella. 
B)  form cell walls containing calcium carbonate. 
C)  are likely to be found in the deep ocean. 
D)  are primary producers. 
E)  are responsible for only a small fraction of photosynthetic CO2 fixation.

Question 17

Fossils of the shells of _______ have distinct shapes that make them particularly useful for dating geological layers.

Accepted Answer

A)  foraminiferans 
B)  diatoms 
C)  paramecia 
D)  slime molds 
E)  prokaryotes 
A)  foraminiferans 
B)  diatoms 
C)  paramecia 
D)  slime molds 
E)  prokaryotes

Question 18

The difference between plasmodial slime molds and cellular slime molds is that

Accepted Answer

A)  only cellular slime molds are motile. 
B)  they have different numbers of nuclei within the cell membrane. 
C)  only cellular slime molds ingest food by endocytosis. 
D)  only plasmodial slime molds ingest food by endocytosis. 
E)  cellular slime molds prefer cool, moist habitats, whereas plasmodial slime molds prefer dry, hot conditions. 
A)  only cellular slime molds are motile. 
B)  they have different numbers of nuclei within the cell membrane. 
C)  only cellular slime molds ingest food by endocytosis. 
D)  only plasmodial slime molds ingest food by endocytosis. 
E)  cellular slime molds prefer cool, moist habitats, whereas plasmodial slime molds prefer dry, hot conditions.

Question 19

Living foraminiferans have been found at the deepest depth of the world's oceans-10,896 m down in the Western Pacific's Challenger Deep.What explains why foraminiferans cannot secrete normal shells at these depths?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is insufficient sunlight for photosynthesis. 
B)  There is insufficient calcium carbonate in the surrounding water. 
C)  It is too deep for coral animals. 
D)  There is insufficient silica in the surrounding water. 
E)  There is not enough organic matter to scavenge as an energy source for foraminiferans to build their shells. 
A)  There is insufficient sunlight for photosynthesis. 
B)  There is insufficient calcium carbonate in the surrounding water. 
C)  It is too deep for coral animals. 
D)  There is insufficient silica in the surrounding water. 
E)  There is not enough organic matter to scavenge as an energy source for foraminiferans to build their shells.

Question 20

Radiolarians have long, thin pseudopods stiffened by microtubules that help increase surface area.What is most likely to be the function of the stiff pseudopods?

Accepted Answer

A)  Capturing prey 
B)  Helping the cell float 
C)  Coordinating movement for locomotion 
D)  Storing oil 
E)  Spearing marine amoebas, their main prey 
A)  Capturing prey 
B)  Helping the cell float 
C)  Coordinating movement for locomotion 
D)  Storing oil 
E)  Spearing marine amoebas, their main prey

Exam 26: The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The overall size of unicellular microbial eukaryotes is limited by their

Alveolates typically

Which of the following concerning conjugation in paramecia is false?

If diatoms were restricted to asexual reproduction alone, what issues might arise, both physically and from a genetic standpoint?

All eukaryotes that are not plants, fungi, or animals have traditionally been called _______.

Which statement about microbial eukaryotes is false?

Which feature, possessed by eukaryotes but lacking in cyanobacteria, allowed formation of a nuclear envelope?

Trichocysts are

Certain protists have a contractile vacuole, which collects and expels excess pure water (H2O).This is most useful for

Which statement concerning alternation of generations is true?

Why is the presence of a chloroplast not an accurate indicator of phylogenetic relationships?

Explain what evidence exists to justify the belief that multicellularity is relatively easy to evolve.

Refer to the figure. Which statement about the eukaryotes shown is true?

When organic material is digested in a food vacuole, the pH in the vacuole

During the evolution of early life on Earth, increasing concentrations of oxygen in the atmosphere were advantageous to

The diatoms

Fossils of the shells of _______ have distinct shapes that make them particularly useful for dating geological layers.

The difference between plasmodial slime molds and cellular slime molds is that

Living foraminiferans have been found at the deepest depth of the world's oceans-10,896 m down in the Western Pacific's Challenger Deep.What explains why foraminiferans cannot secrete normal shells at these depths?

Radiolarians have long, thin pseudopods stiffened by microtubules that help increase surface area.What is most likely to be the function of the stiff pseudopods?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

Certain protists have a contractile vacuole, which collects and expels excess pure water (H₂O).This is most useful for