Question 1

Which of the following statements about cycling within an ecosystem is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Energy is recycled within an ecosystem. 
B)  Carbon is recycled within an ecosystem. 
C)  The sedimentary nutrient cycle cycles nutrients very slowly. 
D)  Human activities affect nutrient cycling. 
A)  Energy is recycled within an ecosystem. 
B)  Carbon is recycled within an ecosystem. 
C)  The sedimentary nutrient cycle cycles nutrients very slowly. 
D)  Human activities affect nutrient cycling. A

Question 2

The rate of secondary productivity is highest in areas

Accepted Answer

A)  with low net primary productivity. 
B)  with few producers. 
C)  with high net primary productivity. 
D)  where plants act as decomposers. 
A)  with low net primary productivity. 
B)  with few producers. 
C)  with high net primary productivity. 
D)  where plants act as decomposers. C

Question 3

Primary consumers harvest nearly 100 percent of the energy that producers capture from the sun.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Which of the following series best represents the energy flow in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A)  sun → consumer → producer → heat 
B)  consumer → producer → decomposer → sun 
C)  consumer → producer → decomposer → sun. 
D)  sun → producer → consumer → heat. 
A)  sun → consumer → producer → heat 
B)  consumer → producer → decomposer → sun 
C)  consumer → producer → decomposer → sun. 
D)  sun → producer → consumer → heat.

Question 5

A nutrient whose biogeochemical cycle does not include a atmospheric phase is said to have a(n) _______ cycle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nutrient whose biogeochemical cycle does not...

Question 6

Human activities

Accepted Answer

A)  rarely affect nutrient cycles. 
B)  can alter nutrient cycles on a global scale. 
C)  tend to cause only local changes in nutrient cycles. 
D)  generally improve nutrient cycling in ecosystems. 
A)  rarely affect nutrient cycles. 
B)  can alter nutrient cycles on a global scale. 
C)  tend to cause only local changes in nutrient cycles. 
D)  generally improve nutrient cycling in ecosystems.

Question 7

The dead zone that develops in the Gulf of Mexico forms because the large amounts of nitrogen from fertilizers and sewage carried by the Mississippi River

Accepted Answer

A)  kill the algae, which are the main food of primary consumers. 
B)  cause bacterial populations to grow rapidly and create widespread disease among secondary consumers. 
C)  lead eventually to large bacterial populations that deplete deeper waters of oxygen. 
D)  are poisonous to bacteria, which are critically important decomposers. 
A)  kill the algae, which are the main food of primary consumers. 
B)  cause bacterial populations to grow rapidly and create widespread disease among secondary consumers. 
C)  lead eventually to large bacterial populations that deplete deeper waters of oxygen. 
D)  are poisonous to bacteria, which are critically important decomposers.

Question 8

Almost all life on Earth is directly or indirectly dependent on

Accepted Answer

A)  predation 
B)  solar energy. 
C)  physical productivity. 
D)  human civilization. 
A)  predation 
B)  solar energy. 
C)  physical productivity. 
D)  human civilization.

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of human activities on the cycling of nutrients in natural systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human activities are essentially benign and have little lasting impact on either atmospheric or sedimentary nutrient cycling. 
B)  Human activities have profoundly impacted nutrient cycling, particularly with those nutrients that cycle within the atmosphere. 
C)  Human activities like mining, construction, and road building disrupt the Earth's surface and greatly increase those nutrients with sedimentary cycling pathways. 
D)  Human activities in general significantly enhance nutrient availability and are almost always associated with ecosystem improvements. 
A)  Human activities are essentially benign and have little lasting impact on either atmospheric or sedimentary nutrient cycling. 
B)  Human activities have profoundly impacted nutrient cycling, particularly with those nutrients that cycle within the atmosphere. 
C)  Human activities like mining, construction, and road building disrupt the Earth's surface and greatly increase those nutrients with sedimentary cycling pathways. 
D)  Human activities in general significantly enhance nutrient availability and are almost always associated with ecosystem improvements.

Question 10

Nutrients that have a(n) _______ cycle move relatively quickly through terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nutrients that have a(n) _______ cycle move...

Question 11

Most human-caused environmental damage can be successfully reversed and natural habitats can be reconstructed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Geologists suspect a large asteroid struck the Earth 65 million years ago. What are the most probable ecological consequences from such an impact?

Accepted Answer

A)  The asteroid's impact would have altered the tilt of the Earth and the timing of the seasons, resulting in extensive failures in plant reproduction. 
B)  Lifeforms transported by the asteroid would have caused disruptions to the evolution of life on Earth. 
C)  The ash cloud created by the impact would have magnified the greenhouse effect at least a thousandfold, causing massive goal warming. 
D)  The ash cloud created by the impact would have reduced solar radiation to the extent that photosynthesis was no longer possible. 
A)  The asteroid's impact would have altered the tilt of the Earth and the timing of the seasons, resulting in extensive failures in plant reproduction. 
B)  Lifeforms transported by the asteroid would have caused disruptions to the evolution of life on Earth. 
C)  The ash cloud created by the impact would have magnified the greenhouse effect at least a thousandfold, causing massive goal warming. 
D)  The ash cloud created by the impact would have reduced solar radiation to the extent that photosynthesis was no longer possible.

Question 13

The rate of new biomass production by consumers is called _________ production.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The rate of new biomass production by...

Question 14

Secondary productivity can never exceed primary productivity, because

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary productivity is limited by the amount of energy produced by primary producers. 
B)  secondary productivity is less efficient than primary productivity. 
C)  energy loss to the surroundings in an ecosystem depends mostly on tertiary consumers. 
D)  nutrient cycling is much slower in secondary productivity. 
A)  secondary productivity is limited by the amount of energy produced by primary producers. 
B)  secondary productivity is less efficient than primary productivity. 
C)  energy loss to the surroundings in an ecosystem depends mostly on tertiary consumers. 
D)  nutrient cycling is much slower in secondary productivity.

Question 15

Rainfall in some areas of Canada has a high acidity level and a correspondingly high pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

All areas of the same landmass have the same net primary productivity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Each level of an energy pyramid corresponds to a step in a food chain and is called a _______ level.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each level of an energy pyramid corresponds...

Question 18

Pollutants from industrial areas may contain _______, which can react with water to produce airborne particles of acid.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  sulfur dioxide 
D)  nitrate 
A)  oxygen 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  sulfur dioxide 
D)  nitrate

Question 19

The amount of energy that organisms capture in photosynthesis, minus the amount lost as heat from respiration, is called ___ _______ ___________.

Accepted Answer

net primar

Question 20

An atom of phosphorous may remain out of the biological part of its cycle for many millions of years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 37: Ecosystems

Which of the following statements about cycling within an ecosystem is false?

The rate of secondary productivity is highest in areas

Primary consumers harvest nearly 100 percent of the energy that producers capture from the sun.

Which of the following series best represents the energy flow in an ecosystem?

A nutrient whose biogeochemical cycle does not include a atmospheric phase is said to have a(n) _______ cycle.

Human activities

The dead zone that develops in the Gulf of Mexico forms because the large amounts of nitrogen from fertilizers and sewage carried by the Mississippi River

Almost all life on Earth is directly or indirectly dependent on

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of human activities on the cycling of nutrients in natural systems?

Nutrients that have a(n) _______ cycle move relatively quickly through terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Most human-caused environmental damage can be successfully reversed and natural habitats can be reconstructed.

Geologists suspect a large asteroid struck the Earth 65 million years ago. What are the most probable ecological consequences from such an impact?

The rate of new biomass production by consumers is called _________ production.

Secondary productivity can never exceed primary productivity, because

Rainfall in some areas of Canada has a high acidity level and a correspondingly high pH.

All areas of the same landmass have the same net primary productivity.

Each level of an energy pyramid corresponds to a step in a food chain and is called a _______ level.

Pollutants from industrial areas may contain _______, which can react with water to produce airborne particles of acid.

The amount of energy that organisms capture in photosynthesis, minus the amount lost as heat from respiration, is called ___ _______ ___________.

An atom of phosphorous may remain out of the biological part of its cycle for many millions of years.

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Organizing the Diversity of Life

Major Groups of Living Organisms

Chemical Building Blocks

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Adaptation and Speciation

The Evolutionary History of Life

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

The Circulatory System

Animal Hormones

The Nervous System

Sensing the Environment

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Interactions among Organisms

Communities of Organisms

Global Change

Biodiversity and People

Cancer: Cell Division Out of Control

Harnessing the Human Genome

Humans and Evolution

Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer

Feeding a Hungry Planet

Building a Sustainable Society

Filters

The amount of energy that organisms capture in photosynthesis, minus the amount lost as heat from respiration, is called _ _ _______.